2010 PORSCHE CAYENNE engine

Working in tandem, both units
provide a total output of 279 kW
(380 hp) and maximum torque
of 580 Nm. The new Cayenne S
Hybrid is propelled from 0 to
100 km/ h (62 mph) in 6.5 sec­
onds. These are the levels of
acceleration you would usually
expect from an eight ­cylinder unit,
but with fuel consumption of
under 8.2 l/100 km (34.4 mpg)
in the EU cycle.
1)
On the parallel full hybrid system,
the electric machine is integrated
directly into the drivetrain. The
hybrid module is situated bet ween
the transmission and the com ­
bustion engine. The engine is
engaged and disengaged using
a specially designed decoupler.
The complex interplay bet ween
combustion engine, decoupler,
electric machine and bat tery is
controlled by the electronic engine
management system. It receives
all information on the driving and
energy status and controls both
drive systems to ensure optimum
performance in any driving scen­
ario. It shuts of f the combustion
engine and switches it back on.
Thanks to the ultra ­fast decoupler
and instantaneous engine start ­
up, all of this goes unnoticed
by the driver.
Under moderate
acceleration, the electric machine
can power the vehicle independ ­
ently. For example, for driving
quietly through residential areas
using electricity alone. In
addition, it can be used to boost
At 288 Volts, the electric machine
has a maximum output of
34 kW (47 hp). The benefits of the
synchronous motor with inner
rotor design are extremely com ­
pact dimensions and high levels
of ef ficiency. It also acts as a
starter motor and alternator.
The drive system of the
new Cayenne S Hybrid.
The abilit y to balance the dynamic
interplay of forces has a name:
hybrid drive. The combination
of internal combustion engine
and electric machine has led to
a significant reduction in fuel
consumption. We have opted

for a solution that satisfies our
requirements perfectly: the
parallel full hybrid.
The new Cayenne S Hybrid has a
3.0 ­litre V6 supercharged engine.
The charging effect of the
compressor ensures high levels
of torque, even at low engine
speeds. The unit generates an
output of 245 kW (333 hp).
440 Nm of torque is available
bet ween 3,000 and 5,250 rpm,
enabling a low ­rev, economic
driving st yle while offering

exceptional reserves of power.
Hybrid, diesel, petrol. Many different options.
One outcome: Porsche.
Engines.
1) The data presented here was recorded using the Euro 5 test procedure (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) and the NEDC (New European Driving
Cycle). The respective figures were not recorded on individual vehicles and do not constitute part of the of fer. This data is provided solely
for the purposes of comparison bet ween the respective models. Provisional data only. Of ficial data unavailable at the time of publication.
For more information on individual models and final data, please contact your Porsche Centre.
Drive systems and chassis | Engines · 29
28 · Drive systems and chassis | Engines Parallel full hybrid
performance – for faster
acceleration, particularly when
pulling away.
The parallel full hybrid concept
also comes into its own during
performance driving. When
the Cayenne S Hybrid is driven

at high speeds and on overrun,
the combustion engine is auto ­
matically disengaged from the
drivetrain and shut of f: the car
continues to ‘coast’ along.
Engine drag and the associated
losses are eliminated and efficiency is increased at speeds

of up to 156 km/ h (97 mph).
The ‘e ­power’ function expands
the range in which the vehicle
can be run solely on electric
power. The throt tle map is adapt ­
ed so that the combustion engine
is engaged later than in ‘Normal’
mode depending on performance
requirements. This is activated
via a but ton on the centre con ­
sole.
Hybrid module
Decoupler Protective housing Electric machine

in part­throt tle mode and through
energy recovery during braking.
A special bat tery management
and cooling system maintains
a constant temperature and
pro
tects the bat ter y from over­
heating. It also monitors the
charge/discharge processes. As
a result, the life of the bat tery is
optimised and its suitabilit y for
everyday use ensured, while
offering a high capacit y: 1.7 kWh. Systems that are usually depen­
dent on the output provided by

the combustion engine, such as
climate control, power steering
and brake assist, run solely on
electricit y on the new Cayenne S
Hybrid. As they do not rely on
output from the engine, these
functions remain active when the
car is running in electric mode or
when it is ‘coasting’ or gliding
along with the engine turned of f.
In summary: despite its six ­
cylinder powerplant, the new
Cayenne S Hybrid offers per­
formance levels that are com­
parable with an eight ­cylinder

unit – but with significantly lower
fuel consumption.
Also when it comes to hybrid
drives, we’ve taken a completely
new path. Hardly surprising really,
with a technology this convincing.
The compact bat tery is located
under the loadspace floor in the
luggage compartment. Weighing
80 kg, its dimensions are
426 mm x 925 mm x 286 mm.
The bat tery is designed to last
without the need for any main­
tenance. As the electric machine
also functions as a generator,
it can charge the bat tery under
certain conditions when the
combustion engine is

The hybrid system features a
high
­voltage nickel metal hydride
(NiMH) bat tery consisting of
240 cells. It provides the electric
machine with the energy required
for the vehicle to drive short
distances solely on electric
power.
Drive systems and chassis | Engines · 31
Energy management display in PCM: electric mode
100
50
0
300 350
400
450
500 550 600
650
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270
300
330
150 200
250
Power (kW)

Torque (Nm)
1500
7500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000
1000
Revolutions per minute (rpm)
360 390 420
700 580 Nm
279 kW (380 hp)
Cayenne S Hybrid system (combined)
Cayenne S Hybrid combustion engine
Cayenne S Hybrid electric machine

Cayenne Diesel engineCayenne engine
Cayenne Di esel: 550 Nm bet ween 2,000 and 2,250 rpm , 176 kW (240 hp)
bet ween 4,000 and 4,400 rpm Cayenne: 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm
, 220 kW (300 hp) at 6,300 rpm
The new Cayenne Diesel is power­
ed by a 3.0 ­litre V6 turbo ­diesel
engine with a common ­rail injec ­
tion system. Its turbocharger fea ­
tures Variable Turbine Geometry
(V TG, p. 40). The incoming ex ­
haust gases drive a set of elec ­
tronically variable turbine blades
whose angle is continuously
adjusted to ensure optimum

performance under all engine
loads. This results in an output
of 176 kW (240 hp) and maximum
torque of 550 Nm. The car
accelerates from 0 to 100 km/ h
(62 mph) in 7.8 seconds.
Max
imum torque is available
bet ween 2,000 and 2,250 rpm.
Top speed is 218 km/ h (135 mph),
while fuel consumption has been
lowered by 20 %. On all Cayenne petrol engines,

we have used direct fuel injection
(DFI, p. 38) to achieve a signi fi­
cant increase in specific power
and torque as well as bet ter fuel
economy and lower emissions.
1)
The new Cayenne features a
naturally aspirated 3.6 ­litre V6
engine with direct fuel injection
(DFI, p. 38) and variable valve
timing on both inlet and exhaust.
The unit delivers 220 kW (300 hp)
at 6,300 rpm and maximum
torque of 400 Nm at 3,000 rpm.
Maximum speed is 230 km/ h
(143 mph). The car requires

7.5 seconds to reach 100 km/ h
(62 mph) with a manual gearbox.
At the same time, fuel economy
has been improved by up to 20 %.
The engine of the new Cayenne Diesel. The engine of the new Cayenne.
1) The data presented here was recorded using the Euro 5 test procedure (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) and the NEDC (New European Driving
Cycle). The respective figures were not recorded on individual vehicles and do not constitute part of the of fer. This data is provided solely
for the purposes of comparison bet ween the respective models. Provisional data only. Of ficial data unavailable at the time of publication.
For more information on individual models and final data, please contact your Porsche Centre.
Drive systems and chassis | Engines · 33
32 · Drive systems and chassis | Engines
100
300 350
400
450
500 550 600
6500
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270
300
3301500
7500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 150 200
2501000
360
700

390

750
800
420
Power (kW)

Torque (Nm)
Revolutions per minute (rpm)
220 kW (300 hp)
400 Nm
0
30 60 90
120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3301500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
150 200 2501000
550 Nm
176 kW (240 hp)
0
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270 300 330
15002000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
150 200 250
1000
Leistung (kW)

Drehmoment (Nm)
Drehzahl (1/min)

550 Nm
176kW (240 PS)
Power (kW)

Torque (Nm)
Revolutions per minute (rpm)

Cayenne S engineCayenne Turbo engine
The new Cayenne S has a natural­
ly aspirated 4.8 ­litre V8 engine
with direct fuel injection (DFI,
p. 38), VarioCam Plus (p. 37) and
a t wo ­stage intake manifold.
The unit delivers 294 kW (400 hp)
at 6,500 rpm. Maximum torque
of 500 Nm is available at
3,500 rpm.
Fit ted with eight ­speed Tiptronic S
as standard, the car is now
capable of accelerating from
0 to 100 km/ h (62 mph) in
5.9 seconds. Top speed is
258 km/ h (160 mph), while
fuel consumption has been
reduced by 23 %. The new Cayenne Turbo is
powered by a 4.8
­litre t win ­turbo
V8 engine featuring direct fuel
injection (DFI, p. 38), VarioCam
Plus (p. 37) and charge ­air cool ­
ing. It generates 368 kW (500 hp)
at 6,000 rpm. Maximum torque
of 700 Nm is available bet ween
2,250 and 4,500 rpm. Maximum
speed is 278 km/ h (173 mph),
while the sprint from 0 to
100 km/ h (62 mph) takes just
4.7 seconds. By introducing a
range of measures, e.g. standard
fitment of the eight ­speed
Tiptronic S, we have been able
to make the car 23 % more fuel
ef ficient.
The engine of the new Cayenne S. The engine of the new Cayenne Turbo.
Cayenne S: 500 Nm at 3,500 rpm, 294 kW (400 hp) at 6,500 rpm Cayenne Turbo: 700 Nm bet ween 2,250 and 4,500 rpm, 368 kW (500 hp) at 6,000 rpm
Drive systems and chassis | Engines · 35
34 · Drive systems and chassis | Engines
100
300 350
400
450
500 550 600
6500
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270
300
3301500
7500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 150 200
2501000
Power (kW)

Torque (Nm)
Revolutions per minute (rpm)

360
700

390

750
800
420
294 kW (400 hp)
500 Nm
100
300 350
400
450
500 550 600
6500
30 60 90
120
150 180 210 240 270
300
3301500
7500
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 150 200
2501000
Power (kW)

Torque (Nm)
Revolutions per minute (rpm)

360
700

390

750
800
420700 Nm368 kW (500 hp)

Standard on the new Cayenne
Diesel, new Cayenne S, new
Cayenne S Hybrid and new

Cayenne Turbo. Available as an
option for the new Cayenne
in conjunction with the optional
Tiptronic S.
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus creates t wo en ­
gines out of one by steplessly
adjusting the inlet valve timing
and lift.
The system dif ferentiates
bet ween normal road usage and
performance driving, adapting
seamlessly as driver inputs
change. All functions are auto ­
matically controlled by the

engine management system.
All you experience is responsive
acceleration and ultra ­smooth
running characteristics. Inlet valve
timing is steplessly adjusted. To
improve response when starting
from cold, for example, VarioCam
Plus selects the higher lif t set ting
and retards valve timing.
At medium revs and minimal
load, the valve lif t is lowered and
timing advanced to minimise fuel
consumption and emissions. At
low engine speeds in particular,
VarioCam Plus significantly im ­
proves fuel economy. To achieve maximum power and torque, the
valve lif t is raised and the timing
advanced.
Overall, the system provides
greater performance with rela­
tively modest fuel consumption.
Standard on the new Cayenne S
and new Cayenne Turbo.
Variable valve timing.
The V6 engine in the Cayenne
features variable valve timing
on both inlet and exhaust. The camshaft phase angles

are continuously varied by

the engine management system
via rotary ­vane adjusters.
On the new Cayenne S Hybrid, the
inlet valve timing is continuously
adjusted.
The key benefits include bet ter
fuel economy and lower emis ­
sions. It also helps to generate
greater power and torque –
even at low engine speeds.
Standard on the new Cayenne
and new Cayenne S Hybrid.
The starter motor has been re
­
vised to cope with the additional
demands of the system, and
the bat tery charge and life are
continuously monitored. The
bat tery and starter motor are
replacement parts that are
subject to greater wear and
tear with frequent use of the
auto start /stop function.

systems remain switched on and
the standard climate control

continues to maintain the selected
temperature. The only changes
you’ll perceive: peace and quiet
and – thanks to greater fuel
economy – also peace of mind.
The system is deactivated in
certain situations, e.g. if the
outside temperature is very

high or the bat tery charge is low.
Auto start/stop function.
The new Cayenne models that
are equipped with the new eight ­
speed Tiptronic S also feature an
auto start /stop function. If, for
example, you stop at traf fic lights
with your foot on the brake pedal,
the auto start /stop function will
automatically cut the engine.
Although the engine is not running,
all audio and communication
The heart of every Porsche.
Applying power with intelligence.
Engine technology.
VarioCam Plus
Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 37

consistently within a specific
temperature range. The engines
in the new Cayenne models are
therefore designed for optimum
cooling.
The V8 engines have an enhanced
coolant management system
offering effective temperature
control throughout the engine.
While 20% of coolant flows longi­
tudinally through the crankcase,
the remaining 80% serves the
cylinder heads using the proven
cross ­flow principle (from hot to
cold).
On all Cayenne models, the piston
heads are cooled using oil ­spray
jets integrated within the main
lubrication system. In addition,
thermal management ensures
that the optimum operating tem ­
perature for the engines is
reached more quickly. This keeps emissions and fuel consumption
low, even when starting from cold.
The entire cooling system is
designed for prolonged heav y
­

dut y use, e.g. of f ­road driving
or heav y towing and carrying
applications.
Lubrication.
The V8 engines use dry ­sump
lubrication to ensure a consistent
supply of oil in all load conditions,
especially in of f ­road terrain.
The oil reservoir is located inside
the engine. This saves on space
and reduces weight.
Oil is circulated around the V8
engines using a demand ­driven
pump. This has been designed for the toughest driving scenarios
on and off road, including per­
formance driving and extreme
gradients.
The V6 engine in the Cayenne has
a wet ­sump lubrication system.
Ensuring a reliable supply of oil,
no mat ter how challenging the
driving conditions.
Direct fuel injection on the
diesel engine (common-rail
injection system).
On the Cayenne Diesel, direct
fuel injection comes courtesy of
a common ­rail injection system.
The injection pressure of up
to 1,800 bar ensures optimum
distribution of the air/fuel mixture
– for greater performance. The
piezoelectric injection valves
provide flexible injection rate

adjustment, using exactly metered
quantities of fuel, with multiple
injections for each power stroke
to deliver smooth combustion.
Cooling systems.
A high ­performance engine can
only maintain its maximum
capabilit y over a long service life
if all components are operating
Direct fuel injection (DFI).
DFI injects fuel directly into the
combustion chamber at up to

120 bar with millisecond precision
using electromagnetic injectors.
The injector position and spray
geometry have been carefully
designed to improve output,
torque, fuel economy and emis ­
sions. The swirling of the fuel as
it enters each chamber increases
the mixing of air and fuel, thereby
enhancing combustion. By form ­
ing the air/fuel mixture directly
in the combustion chamber, DFI
contributes to engine cooling.
As a result, it was possible to in ­
crease the compression ratio and
therefore power and efficiency.

Compression with precision.
Essential for getting right to the point.
38 · Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology

response, even at low revs and
road speeds. This is particularly
useful when driving in urban
traf fic. The supercharger has a
low­temperature water cooling
system for cooling the charge air.
Variable Turbine Geometry in
the new Cayenne Diesel.
The turbocharger in the new
Cayenne Diesel features Variable
Turbine Geometry (V TG). The
gas ­flow from the engine is
channelled onto the turbines via
electronically adjustable guide
vanes. By changing the vane
angle, the system can replicate
the geometry in all t ypes of
turbo, large or small, and thus
achieve the optimum gas ­flow characteristics. As a result, even
at low engine rpm, the turbine
speed is maximised. For a sig
­
nificant increase in boost pres ­
sure, excellent cylinder charging
plus greater power and torque.
Electronic engine management.
Cultured performance in all
driving scenarios requires com ­
prehensive engine control. The
electronic engine management
system does this by continually
monitoring the relevant input data
from a variet y of sophisticated
sensors. This data is then com ­
pared with a corresponding set of
reference values. Based on this
information, a range of key engine
functions, e.g. ignition and in­
jection timings as well as injection
quantities, are seamlessly and
automatically adjusted. Other
major functions include automatic
compensation for changes in fuel
qualit y and control of the variable ­
tract intake manifold. On the
new Cayenne Turbo, the engine management system also regu ­
lates the turbo boost pressure.
The results:
optimum fuel eco
n ­
omy and lower CO
2 emissions as
well as greater power and torque
at all times.
Exhaust system.
The light weight exhaust systems
in the new Cayenne models are
made from special, long ­life stain ­
less steel. The key features of
the catalysts are high ef ficiency,
faster warm ­up and a long service
life. The sports exhaust system
1)
available as an option on the
new Cayenne and new Cayenne S
provides an even more distinctive
sound. The package also includes
a specially designed set of t win
dual ­tube tailpipes. All exhaust
systems, standard and sports,
comply with the strict EU5 emis ­
sions legislation.
2)
Turbocharging system in the
new Cayenne Turbo.
In the new Cayenne Turbo, the
engine is assisted by t win turbo ­
charger units arranged in parallel
– one for each bank of cylinders.
Incoming air is passed through
a filter and compressed by the
turbine units. Its temperature is
then reduced in the t win inter­
cooler system, which improves
cylinder charging and limits
thermal loads on the engine.
Supercharging system in the
new Cayenne S Hybrid.
The engine in the new Cayenne S
Hybrid is equipped with a
supercharger. For a more direct
Air intake system.
The Cayenne models are all
equipped with a resonance air
intake system. This technology
uses the pressure waves
generated by the inlet valves
to ‘force’ air into the engine.
The ef fect is enhanced in the new
Cayenne and new Cayenne S by
a t wo ­stage intake manifold. This
variable geometry combines all
the benefits of a long intake tube
(higher torque at low rpm) with
those of a shorter length (more
power at higher rpm).
The result: highly impressive
torque ratings across the entire
engine speed range.
1 ) Introduction planned for 09/2010. For new Cayenne only in conjunction with Tiptronic S.2) The data presented here was recorded using the Euro 5 test procedure (715/2007/ EC and 692/2008/ EC) and the NEDC (New European Driving
Cycle). The respective figures were not recorded on individual vehicles and do not constitute part of the of fer. This data is provided solely
for the purposes of comparison bet ween the respective models. Provisional data only. Of ficial data unavailable at the time of publication.
For more information on individual models and final data, please contact your Porsche Centre. Tailpipes on the Cayenne, Cayenne Diesel,
Cayenne S and Cayenne S Hybrid
Tailpipes on the Cayenne Turbo
Drive systems and chassis | Engine technology · 41

An electr ic pump is used to
m a i ntain the r equired p ressu re
of the t ransmis sion fluid , e.g.
to t ransmit high levels of torque
at lower engine speeds.
The s tanda rd three­spoke steering
wheel in conjunction with
T i p t r o nic S h as t wo e rgonom ic
switches for manual gear
c h a n g es. One p ress forwa rd with
the thumb and Tiptronic S shif ts
up. One pull backwa rds with
the in dex finger and Tiptronic S
shif ts down. Either the right or
l eft ­hand switch can be used.
tackling as
cents and towing loads
in off ­road ter rain. Top speed
is r eached in 6th gea r. The t wo
upper gea rs a re used to lower
the r evs at high speed , the reby
enhancing fuel economy and
occupa nt comfo rt. On the motor ­
way in pa rticular , driving at low revs will s ignifica ntly reduce the
noise level in side the veh icle.
In automatic mode, the driver
can influence gea rshifts on the
Tiptron ic S using the throt t le and
br ak es alone.
Tiptronic S auto ­
mat ically adapts the gea rshif t
points for performance driving –
equally , if a mo re d efen sive driv ­
ing s tyle is det ected , the sy stem
se lects a gea rshift poi nt that
o f f e rs maximum fuel economy.
Un der heav y b raking , Tiptron ic S
shifts down to maxi mise engine
br aking. Natu
rally , you can also change
gear u sing the gear se lector lever
on the ce ntre cons ole.
Standard on the new Cayenne
Diesel, new Cayenne S, new
Cayenne S Hybrid and new
Cayenne Turbo. Optional for
the new Cayenne.
Eight-speed Tiptronic S.
The out standing feature of the
new eight ­speed Tiptron ic S is a
pa rticularly wi de r atio sp read.
Fi rs t gear is designed for optimum
acceleration when pulling away
and g rea ter performance when
Six-speed manual gearbox.
The six ­speed manual gearbox
on the new Cayenne has been
specifically adapted for the
demands of high ­performance
use. The gear lever throw is short
and precise, and each of the
six ratios has been selected for
optimum progression through
the gears. As the centre console
rises to meet the dashboard, the
gear lever is close to hand –
for an even more engaging drive.
The standard upshif t display in
the instrument cluster helps
to reduce fuel consumption still
further.
Eight ­speed Tiptronic S is also
available as an option on the
Cayenne in conjunction with the
auto start /stop function.
Standard on the new Cayenne.
Precision control.
Whatever your choice of terrain.
Transmission.
Tiptronic S gear selector
42 · Drive systems and chassis | Transmission Drive systems and chassis | Transmission · 43