Starting-off and Driving
116
•
The external sound source of the park
assist and the parking aid can be
disruptively influenced and under unfavourable conditions, objects or people cannot be recognised by the sensors of the parking aid.
Caution
•
If other vehicles are parked behind or on
the kurb, the park assist guides your
ve hicle be yond the kurb or onto it. Make s ure that the whee ls or the whe el rims of yo ur vehicle are not damaged and if necessary intervene in time.•
You should satisfy yourself before parking that there is no small obstacle, such as a
rock, thin post, trailer drawbar etc., in front
or behind your vehicle. Such an obstacle
might not be within the range detected by the sensors.•
Under certain circumstances, surfaces or st
ructures of certain objects such as wire
mesh fences, powder snow etc..., ca
nnot be recognised by the system.
•
The evaluation of the parking space and the parking procedure depends on the
circumference of the wheels. The system does not function correctly if your vehicle is mounted with wheels of non-permissible
size, snow chains or a temporary spare
wheel (in order to reach the nearest workshop). If the tyres other than those excepted by the manufacturer are mounted, the resulting position of the vehicle in the parking space can differ slightly. The parking assistant system automatically performs the correction of the wheel circumference when driving.•
The accuracy of the evaluation for the parking space can be influenced by the
incorrectly determined outside temperature if
the later is influenced by the thermal
radiation of the engine i.e for stop and go in a traffic jam.•
In order to avoid damaging th
e sensors while cleaning wi
th high-pressure cleaners
or steam jets, the sensors must only be
directly sprayed for short periods while a
minimum distance of 10 cm must be observed.
Note
•
A component of the park assist is the front and rear parking aid*.
•
The electronic stability programme (ESP*)
must always be switched on for the
parking procedure.
•
Only the front parking aid operates if yo
u are towing a trailer (applies only to
models which feature a factory-fitted towing de
vice*). This is why it is not possible to
park backwards with the help of the
park assist when towing a trailer.
•
The sensors must be kept clean and free of ice to enable the parking aid to operate
properly.Switch on display of the park a
ssist in the information display*
Fig. 119 Switching on the park assist / information display: Finding a suitable parking spaceSwitch on display of the park assist in the information display*– Press the button
⇒fig. 119
.
– Drive past the parking row up to maximum 30 km/h and with a distance of 0.5 m to
1.5 m
⇒fig. 119
.
Operate the turn signal for the driver's side if
you wish to park on this side of the road.
In the information display* the search area
for the parking space is indicated on the
driver's side. If you press the button at a speed greate
r than 30 km/h and less than 50 km/h, the
message indicating that the speed for detecting the space is exceeded will be displayed in the information display of the in
strument cluster. If the speed drops below
30 km/h, the condition of the parking assistant is automatically displayed in the infor-mation display of the instrument cluster. When exceeding the speed of 50 km/h, it is required to activate the displa
y again by pressing the button
⇒fig. 119
.
WARNING (continued)
sgg.6.book Page 116 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Intelligent Technology
165
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
Traction control system (TCS) The traction control system prevents
the driven wheels from spinning
when accelerating.General The TCS makes it much easier, and sometimes at
all possible, to start off, accelerate and
climb a steep hill when th
e conditions of the road
surface are unfavourable.
Operating principle The TCS switches on automatically when th
e engine is started and then conducts a
self-test. The system monitors the speeds of the driven wheels with the aid of the ABS sensors. If the wheels are spinning, the force transmitted to the road surface is auto- matically adapted by reducing the engine speed. The system operates at all speeds. The TCS operates in combination with the ABS
⇒page 167, “Antilock brake system
(ABS)”. The TCS will not function if a fault exists in the ABS system. The TCS warning light lights up in the instru
ment cluster when there is a fault on the
TCS
⇒page 34.
During an intervention of the system, the TCS warning light
flashes quickly in the
instrument cluster
⇒page 34.
Switching off You can switch the TCS off and on again as yo
u wish. On vehicles fitted with ABS, you
can switch off the TCS by pressing the button
⇒fig. 155
, on vehicles fi
tted with ESP*,
you can switch off the TCS wi
th the aid of the button
⇒page 163, fig. 154
. The TCS
warning light
flashes slowly in the instrument cluster if the system is switched off
⇒ page 34. The TCS should normally always
be switched on. It may be good practice in certain
exceptional cases, such as when you wish to
have wheel slip, to switch off the system.
Examples:•
when driving with snow chains
•
when driving in deep snow or on a loose surface
•
when it is necessary to rock a vehicle when it has become stuck.
Then you should switch on the TCS again. TCS Off-road* After switching on the Off-road mode
⇒page 170, TCS Off-road is activated.
TCS Off-road provides a more effective a
cceleration of the vehicle on an unfirm
ground, as it allows higher traction be
tween the slipping wheels and the ground.
The system operates when starting off or at low speeds.
WARNING
You should always adjust your style of driving to the conditions of the road surface and the traffic situation. The increased safety offered must not tempt you to take greater risks than otherwise - risk of an accident!
Note
•
All four wheels must be fitted with the same tyres in order to achieve problem-free
operation of the TCS. Differing rolling circumferences of the tyres can lead to an unde- sirable reduction in the engine output.•
Changes to vehicle (e.g. on engine, on the brakes, on chassis or another combina-
tion of tyres and wheels) can influence the function of the TCS
⇒page 221, “Accesso-
ries, changes and replacement of parts”.
Fig. 155 TCS switch
sgg.6.book Page 165 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Intelligent Technology
169
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
If there is a fault in the power steering, the warning light
or lights up in the instru-
ment cluster
⇒page 32.
WARNING
Contact your specialist
garage if the power steering is defective.
Tyre inflation pressu
re-control system*
The tyre inflation pressure-control system compares with the aid of the ABS sensors the speed and also the rolling circumference of the individual wheels. If the rolling circumference of a wheel is changed, the warning light
lights up in the instrument
cluster
⇒page 35 and an audible signal sounds.
The rolling circumference of the tyre
can change if:•
the tyre inflation pressure is too low,
•
the structure of the tyre is damaged,
•
the vehicle is loaded on one side,
•
the wheels of an axle are loaded heavily (e.g. when towing a trailer or when driving
uphill or downhill),•
snow chains are mounted,
•
the temporary spare wheel is mounted,
•
one wheel per axle was changed.
Basic setting of tyre inflation pressure-control system After changing the tyre inflation pressures or after changing one or several wheels, the position of a wheel on the vehicle (e.g. ex
changing the wheels between the axles) or
when the warning light lights up while drivin
g, a basic setting of the system must be
carried out as follows.•
Inflate all tyres to the specified inflation pressure
⇒page 215.
•
Switch on the ignition.
•
Press button
⇒fig. 156
for more than 2 seconds. While pressing the button,
the warning light
lights up. At the same time the memory of the system is erased
and the new calibration is started, which is confirmed with an audible signal and then the warning light
goes out.
•
If the warning light
does not go out after the basic
setting, there is a fault in the
system. Have the vehicle inspected by your nearest specialist garage. Warning light
lights up
If the tyre inflation pressure of at least one
wheel is insufficiently inflated in comparison
to the stored basic va
lue, the warning light
⇒
lights up.
Warning light
flashes
If the warning light flashes, there is a system fault. Have the vehicle inspected by your nearest specialist garage.
WARNING
•
When the warning light
lights up, immediately reduce the speed and
avoid sudden steering and brake manoeuvr
es. Please stop the vehicle without
delay at the nearest possible stop and in
spect the tyres and their inflation pres-
sures.•
The driver is responsible for the correc
t tyre inflation pressures. For this
reason, the tyre inflation pressu
res must be checked regularly.
•
Under certain circumstances (e.g. sporty style of driving, wintry or unpaved
roads) the warning light
can be delayed or does not light up at all.
•
The tyre inflation pressure-control system does not take away the respon-
sability from the driver for the
correct tyre inflation pressure.
Fig. 156 Button for setting the tyre infla- tion pressure control value
sgg.6.book Page 169 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Driving and the Environment
182
Explanation of technical termsFig. 163 Embankment angle / slope angle Fig. 164 Ground clearance / ramp angleThe technical data
⇒page 245, “Angle (in degree)” refer to ideal conditions. These
values may differ depending on the load an
d composition of the soil and the environ-
ment. The driver is responsible to decide whether a vehicle can overcome a certain situation. Embankment angle (front and rear) Transition from the horizontal plane to an
upward slope or from a downward slope
back to the plane. The angle indication determines the angle at which you can drive the vehicle down the embankment, at a slow speed, without the bumper or the under-body of the vehicle touching the ground. Slope angle The difference of altitude (upward slope) which is overcome on a stretch of road of 100 m, is indicated in percentage or degrees, i.e. the gradiant at which the vehicle can climb
a hill on its own (among other things, depe
nding on the road surface and the engine
power). Ground clearance The distance between the road surface and the deepest point of the vehicle under- body. Ramp angle The angle indication determines the angle
at which you can driv
e the vehicle over a
ramp, at a slow speed, without the underbody of the vehicle touching the ramp edge.
WARNING
When exceeding the maximum value given in the table
⇒page 245, “Angle (in
degree)”, this can result in serious injuries and/or vehicle damage. All of the data was determined on flat, firm and non-slip road surfaces as well as under dry weather conditions. There are no id
eal off-road conditions. Therefore,
never completely go according to th
e maximum values, but always leave a
safety margin.Useful utensilsMany items can be very useful wh
en driving off-road, for example:
•
compass and maps,
•
torch and spare batteries,
•
mobile phone or CB radio,
•
tow bar or tow rope with sufficient tear strength,
•
electrically driven tyre pump for connect
ing to the 12-volt power outlet of the
vehicle,•
a blanket and rubber boots,
•
snow chains,
•
a timber plank which is approximately 4 cm thick and about 1 metre long can be
used as a traction aid when the vehicle is stuck or as a base for the lifting jack,•
additional tools and a folding
yardstick or a measuring tape,
•
spare wheel and tyre repair kit,
AA
AB
AC
AD
sgg.6.book Page 182 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Driving and the Environment
185
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
–Switch on the Off-road mode
⇒page 170.
– Drive at walking speed over rocky passages. – If it is not possible to drive around a ston
e, gently drive onto
the stone with one of
the front wheels and then drive over it slowly.
WARNING
Observe the important guidelines
⇒page 180.
Caution
•
On no account drive over large objects (suc
h as pieces of rock
or tree stumps),
neither in the middle nor on one side. When driving over objects which are larger than the ground clearance, the chassis and its
components can get da
maged. Your vehicle
could break down far away from any assistance.•
Even objects that are smaller than the ex
isting ground clearance can come into
contact with the underbody of the vehicle an
d can lead to damage or failure of the
vehicle. This applies especially when there is
a hollow or soft ground in front or behind
the object or if you drive too fast over th
e object and thus the vehicle is deflected.
For the sake of the environment
Leaking engine oil and brake fluid pollute the environment and contaminate the bodies of water. The dispos
al e.g. of engine oil soaked soil can be costly.
Crossing bodies of waterParticular attention is required wh
en driving through bodies of water
⇒page 179.
Driving through snow-covered terrain– Before you drive through snow-covered te
rrain, mount snow chains on the front
wheels or on the rear wheels
⇒page 219, “Snow chains” in order to achieve the
best possible traction.
–Switch on the Off-road mode
⇒page 170.
Even harmless looking sections of terrain can be dangerous. This applies in particular for sections where no ruts or other tracks are visible.
WARNING
•
Driving through snow-covered terrain poses special dangers. Never choose
a dangerous route and never take a risk which could jeopardize your safety and that of your passengers. If you cannot go on or if you doubt the safety of the route, turn back and choose another way.•
Potholes, troughs, trenches, precipices,
sheets of ice or other obstructions
are often completely or partially obscured by snow.•
The hidden dangers of snow can cause an accident, serious injuries or your
vehicle to break down under
extreme weather conditions.
Driving over steep terrainDriving uphill and downhill– Stop the vehicle before driving uphill or
downhill, exit the vehicle and explore the
situation.
– Walk a stretch and check the firmness of the soil and look for obstructions or other
hidden dangers.
– Check how the route continues beyond the slope. – Switch on the Off-road mode
⇒page 170.
– Drive slowly and steadily straight uphill or downhill.– Do not stop the vehicle on a hillside or attempt to turn around. – You must prevent the engine from cutting out.Driving uphill– Check before driving over a hilltop, how it
continues on the other side. If you drive
up a steep hill, the vehicle faces the sky and you cannot see what is directly in front of the vehicle.
– Switch on the Off-road mode
⇒page 170.
sgg.6.book Page 185 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Wheels and Tyres
219
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
Winter tyres must be mounted on all four
wheels to obtain the best handling charac-
teristics. You must only fit those types of winter tyre
which are approved for your vehicle. The
permissible
sizes of winter tyres
are stated in your vehicle documents. Approvals may
differ because of na
tional legislation.
Please remember that the tyres should be inflated to 20 kPa (0.2 bar) more than is the case for summer tyres
⇒page 215.
Winter tyres no longer offer the same winter performance once the
tyre tread
has
worn down to a depth of about 4 mm. Ageing
also causes winter tyres to lose most of their winter performance properties -
even in cases where the remaining tread depth is still clearly more than 4 mm. Speed restrictions
apply to winter tyres as well as to summer tyres
⇒page 217,
⇒
.
You can fit winter tyres of a lower speed catego
ry to your vehicle provided that you also
do not drive faster than the permissible maximum speed for such tyres, even if the possible maximum speed of your vehicle is
higher. The correspond
ing tyre category
can damage the tyres when exceeding the permissible maximum speed. Please pay attention to the notes if you decide to fit winter tyres
⇒page 215.
You can also fit so-called “all-year tyres” instead of winter tyres. Please contact your specialist garage if there are any points which are not clear who will be able to provide you with information regarding the maximum speed for your tyres.
WARNING
You must on no account drive your car at more than the permissible maximum speed for your winter tyres - risk of an
accident resulting from tyre damage and
loss of control over your car.
For the sake of the environment
Fit your summer tyres on again in good time since summer tyres offer you better grip and handling on roads which are free of snow and ice as well as ar temperatures below 7 °C - the braking distance is shorter, there is
less tyre noise, tyre wear is reduced and
fuel consumption is reduced.
Note
Please observe the various differing legal requirements regarding tyres.Unidirectional tyres*The direction of rotation of the tyres is marked by
arrows on the wall of the tyre
. This
indicates the direction of rotation of the tyre,
and it is essential that the tyres are fitted
on to run in this direction. Only then are
the tyres able to provide the optimal proper-
ties in terms of grip, low nois
e, wear-and-tear and aquaplaning.
Should it be necessary to fit on a spare wheel
in exceptional cases with a tyre not dedi-
cated to the running direction or in oppo
site running direction, please adopt a
cautious style of driving as the tyre is no
longer able to provide optimal grip and
handling in such a situation. This particular
ly important on wet roads. Please refer to
the notes
⇒page 224, “Spare wheel*”.
You should have the defective tyre replaced as soon as possible and restore the correct direction of rotation on all tyres.Snow chainsWhen driving on wintry roads, snow chains
improve not only traction, but also the
braking performance. The use of snow chains on ve
hicles with front-wheel drive and on vehicles with four-
wheel drive differs. Valid for vehicles with front-wheel drive Snow chains can only be mounted on the front wheels. For technical reasons, it is only permissi
ble to fit snow chains
with the following
wheel/tyre combinations:
Wheel size
Depth (D)
Tyre si z e
6J x 16
50 mm
205/55
7J x 16
45 mm
205/55
6J x 17
45 mm
205/50
sgg.6.book Page 219 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Wheels and Tyres
220
Valid for vehicles wi
th four-wheel drive
Snow chains can be used on the front wheels
as on vehicles with front-wheel drive.
⇒ page 219, “Valid for vehicles
with front-wheel drive”.
In order to increase the traction (start-up pr
operties), the use of snow chains is also
technically permissible on the
rear axle (this means on the front and rear axle at the
same time) for the following wheel/tyre combinations: The use of snow chains is only
technically permissible on the rear axle for the following
standard wheel/tyre combinations: When fitting snow chains on the front and rear axle at the same time, the maximum speed is limited to
50 km/h
.
Only fit snow chains with links and locks not larger than
12 mm
.
Remove the
full wheel trims
if you wish to fit snow chains to the wheels.
Take note of the various national legal provisions regarding the maximum permissible speed of the vehicle fitted with snow chains and the limit of the maximum speed which is recommended by the manufac
turer of the snow chains.
WARNING
Please pay attention to the information in the supplied fitting instructions of the snow chain manufacturer.
Caution
You must take the chains off as soon as you
drive on roads which are free of snow. They
adversely affect the handling
of your vehicle, damage the tyres and are rapidly
destroyed.
Note
We recommend that you use snow chains
from the Škoda genuine accessories.
Wheel size
Depth (D)
Ty re s i z e
6J x 16
50 mm
205/55
7J x 16
45 mm
205/55
6J x 17
45 mm
205/50
Wheel size
Depth (D)
Ty re s i z e
7J x 16
45 mm
215/60
7J x 17
45 mm
225/50
sgg.6.book Page 220 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM
Index263
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
RRadiator fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Rear armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rear fog light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Rear interior lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Rear window
heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Rear window heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Rear-view mirror
Exterior mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Interior mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Recharge battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Synchronisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Removing seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Replacing fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Replacing the wiper blades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Roof aerial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Roof luggage rack system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Running in the car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173SSafe securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Safety information
Engine compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Safety wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Saving electrical energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Seat belt height adjuster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Seat belt warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
fastening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Height adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
taking off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Seat heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Selector lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Selector lever lock
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Selector lever positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Selector lever-emergency unlocking . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Service Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Service Interval Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Setting temperature
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Setting the clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Side airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Side lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Snow chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Spare wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Stability system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
after fuel tank has run empty . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Diesel engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Petrol engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Steering
active driver-steering recommendation . . . 166
Steering force assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Storage compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Storage facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Switching lights on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Switching off the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
TTailgate
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Taking care of your vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
TCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Temperature
outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
the first 1 500 kilometres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Thickness of brake pads
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Tilting roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Tiptronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Top Tether . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Towing a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Towing device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
sgg.6.book Page 263 Thursday, September 24, 2009 2:32 PM