Contents
3
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
ContentsLayout of this Owner's Manual (explanations)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the system
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cockpit
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The brief instruction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic functions and important information . . . . . Instruments and Indicator/Warning Lights
. . .
General view of the instrument cluster . . . . . . . . . Engine revolutions counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coolant temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counter for distance driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service Interval Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multi-functional indicator
(onboard computer)*
Information display* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto Check Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unlocking and locking
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing the battery of the radio remote controlElectronic immobiliser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child safety lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Central locking system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote control* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synchonisation of the remote control . . . . . . . . . . Anti-theft alarm system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power windows* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric sliding/tilting roof* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lights and Visibility
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interior lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Windshield wiper and wash system . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear-view mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seats and Storage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adjusting front seats electrically* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . luggage compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Net partition (Combi)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The roof rack* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Note holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ashtray* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarette lighter*, power sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and air conditioning system
. . . . . . . . .
Air outlet vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air conditioning system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climatronic* (automatic air conditioning) . . . . . . Starting-off and Driving
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting steering wheel position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ignition lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switching off the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handbrake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rear parking aid* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cruise control system (CCS)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communication
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mobile phone, handsfree-system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mobile phones and two-way radio systems . . . . . Safety
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Passive Safety
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correct seated position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seat belts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Why seat belts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The physical principle of a frontal collision . . . . . Important safety information regarding the use of seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How are seat belts correctly fastened? . . . . . . . . . Belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airbag system
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description of the airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Side airbags* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deactivating an airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transporting children safely
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What you should know about transporting children! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Attaching a child seat using the “ISOFIX” system
6 7 9 9 10 10 16 16 1616171718181919232527 35 35 3636373738414243
44 46 49 49 53555658 60 60 6164656768737577777879 83 83 838589 93 93 9494969697
97 98 101 101 102 103 103 103 104 108 108 109 109 110113 115 115 116 119 120 123 123 126129
s2g8.b.book Page 3 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Cockpit
9
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
CockpitOverviewThis overview will help you to quickly familiarise yourself with the displays and the control elements.
Electric exterior mirror adjustment* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air outlet vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lever for the multi-functional switch: − Turn signal light, headlight and parking light, headlight flasher − Cruise control system* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instrument cluster: Instrum
ents and indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . .
Lever for the multi-functional switch: − Multi-functional indicator* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − Windshield wiper and wash system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch for rear window heater Depending on equipment fitted: − Switch for the ESP* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − Switch for the TCS* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch for hazard warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control dial for heating on the driver and front passenger seat* Open fuel filler cap from the inside* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front passenger airbag* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage compartment in the front door Central locking switch and power windows* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bonnet release lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light switch, headlamp beam adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage compartment below steering wheelSteering wheel: − with horn − with driver airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lever for adjusting the steering wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ignition lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ashtrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gearshift lever (manual gearbox) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Handbrake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depending on equipment fitted: − Operating controls for the heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . − Operating controls for the air conditioning system* . . . . . . . . − Operating controls for Climatronic* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage compartment in the midd
le part of the dash panel
Radio* Storage compartment on the front passenger side . . . . . . . . . . . . Note
•
Equipment which is marked * is only standard on certain vehicle model
versions or only suppliable as op
tional equipment for certain models.
•
Vehicles with factory-fitted radio, mobi
le phone etc, are supplied with separate
instructions for operating such equipment.•
The arrangement of the controls and swit
ches and the location of some items
on right-hand drive models may differ from that shown in
⇒page 8, fig. 1
. The
symbols on the controls and switches are the same as for left-hand drive models.
A1
58
A2
83
A3
52 98
A4
16
A5
1956
A6A7
131133
A8
52
A9
67
A10
156
A11
116
A12A13
40, 44
A14
159
A15
49, 51
A16A17
116
A18
93
A19
94
A20
77
A21
96
A22
97
A23
838589
A24A25A26
80
s2g8.b.book Page 9 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Starting-off and Driving
98
Range of sensors The clearance warning begins at a distance of about 160 cm from the obstacle (area ⇒page 97, fig. 108
). The interval between the warning signals becomes shorter
as the clearance is reduced. A continuous tone
sounds from a distance of approx. 30 cm (area ) - danger
area.
You should not reverse any further after this signal sounds!
Activating The parking aid is activated automatically when
reverse gear
is engaged and the
ignition is turned on. This is confir
med by a brief acknowledgement signal.
Deactivating The parking aid is deactivated by removing the reverse gear.
WARNING
•
The parking aid is not a substitute fo
r the driver paying proper attention
and it is always the driver's responsibility to take care when parking the vehicle or carrying ou
t similar manoeuvres.
•
You should therefore satisfy yourself, before reversing, that there is no
small obstacle, such as a rock, thin post, trailer drawbar etc., behind your vehicle. Such an obstacle might not be within the range detected by the sensors.
Note
•
The parking aid does not operate if you
are towing a trailer (applies to models
which feature a factory-fitted towing device*).•
If a warning signal sounds for about 3 seconds after switching the ignition on
and engaging reverse gear, and there is no ob
stacle close to your vehicle, this indi-
cates a system fault. Have the fault rectified by a specialist workshop.•
The sensors must be kept clean and free
of ice to enable the parking aid to
operate properly.
Cruise control system (CCS)*IntroductionThe cruise control system (CCS) maintains a constant speed, more than 30 km/h (20 mph), once it has been set, without you
having to depress the accelerator pedal.
This is only possible within the range wh
ich is permitted by
the power output and
braking power of the engine. The cruise control system makes it possible - particu- larly on long journeys - for you to rest your “accelerator foot”.
WARNING
•
The cruise control system must not, for safety reasons, be used in dense
traffic or on unfavourable road surfaces
(such as icy roads, slippery roads or
loose chippings) - risk of accident!•
In order to prevent unintentional use of
the cruise control system, always
switch off the system after use.
Note
•
Models fitted with a manual gearbox: Al
ways depress the clutch pedal if you
switch on the cruise control system when
the gearbox is in Neutral. Otherwise the
engine can rev up unintentionally.•
The cruise control system is not able to maintain a constant speed when driving
on steep downhill sections. The weight of the vehicle increases the speed at which it travels. One should shift down in good
time to a lower gear or slow the vehicle
down by applying the foot brake.
AA
AB
s2g8.b.book Page 98 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Starting-off and Driving
99
Using the system
Safety
Driving Tips
General Maintenance
Breakdown assistance
Technical Data
Storing a speedThe cruise control system is operated
by means of the slide switch and
rocker button in the left lever of the multi-functional switch. – Switch on the cruise control system by sliding the switch
⇒
fig. 109
into the
ON
position.
– After the desired speed has been
reached, briefly press the rocker
button in the
SET
position.
After releasing the rocker button from the
SET
position, the speed you have
stored (above 30 km/hour 20 mph) is ma
intained at a constant speed without
having to depress the accelerator. Yo u c a n
increase
the speed by depressi
ng the accelerator. Releasing the acceler-
ator will cause the speed to
drop
again to the set speed.
This does not apply, however, if you drive at a speed which is more than 10 km/h higher than the set speed for a period of longer than 5 minutes. The stored speed will be cancelled in the memory. You th
en have to re-store the desired speed.
One can
reduce
the speed in the usual manner. The system is switched off tempo-
rarily by actuating the brake or clutch pedal
⇒page 100.
WARNING
First ensure that it is not too high for the traffic conditions which exist at that moment before resuming the stored speed.Changing a stored speed You can also change the speed of
the vehicle without depressing the
accelerator.Fa s t er –You can
increase
the stored speed without depressing the acceler-
ator, by pressing the rocker button
⇒
fig. 109
in the
RES
position.
– The speed of the vehicle will incr
ease continuously if you hold the
button pressed in the
RES
position. Once the vehicle has reached
the desired speed, release the rocker button. The set speed is then stored in the memory.
Slower –You can
decrease
the stored speed by pressing the rocker button
in the
SET
position.
– Holding down the rocker button pressed in the
SET
position will cause
the speed of the vehicle to reduce
continuously. Once the vehicle has
reached the desired speed, release the rocker button. The set speed is then stored in the memory.
– If you release the rocker button wh
en the vehicle is travelling at a
speed of less than 30 km/h, the speed is not stored, the memory is erased. It is then necessary to again store the speed with the rocker button in the position
SET
after an increase in speed of the vehicle
to more than 30 km/hour.
Fig. 109 Operating lever: Rocker button and switch of cruise control system
AA
AB
AA
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
AB
s2g8.b.book Page 99 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Starting-off and Driving
100
Switching off the cruise control system temporarily– You can
switch off temporarily
the cruise control system, if you
depress the brake or clutch pedal.
– You can likewise switch off the cruise control system by sliding the
switch to the right - into the
OFF
position.
The set speed remains stored in the memory. You can
resume the stored speed
by releasing the brake pedal or clutch pedal and
by briefly pressing the rocker button
⇒page 99, fig. 109
in the
RES
position.
WARNING
First ensure that it is not too high for the traffic conditions which exist at that moment before resuming the stored speed.Switching off the cruise control system completely– Move the slide switch
⇒
page 99, fig. 109
into the
OFF
position.
AA
AB
AA
s2g8.b.book Page 100 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Fuses and light bulbs
194
Fuse assignment in engine compartment - version 2Certain electrical components are only st
andard on certain vehicle model versions
or only suppliable as optional
equipment for certain models.
Fuse assignment in the dash panelCertain electrical components are only standard on certain vehicle model versions or only suppliable as optional
equipment for certain models.
No.
Power consumer
Amperes
1
Pump for ABS
30
2
Valves for ABS
30
3
Radiator fan 1st stage
30
4
Glow plugs for heating the coolant, relay for secondary air pump
50
5
Engine control unit
50
6
Radiator fan 2nd stage
40
7
Main fuse of the interior
110
8
Dynamo
110 / 150
a)
a)Depending on the engine type and equipment.
Fig. 178 Schematic repre- sentation of fuse box in engine compartment - version 2
No.
Power consumer
Amperes
1
Heating of the exterior mirrors, relay for cigarette lighter, power seats and washing nozzles
10
2
Turn signal lights, Xenon headlight
10
3
Lighting in storage compartment
5
4
Licence plate light
5
5
Seat heating, Climatronic, circulating air flap, exterior mirror heater, cruise control system
7,5
6
Central locking system
5
7
Reversing light, sensors for parking aid
10
8
Phone
5
9
ABS, ESP
5
10
Ignition, S-contact
a)
10
11
Instrument cluster
5
Fig. 179 Schematic repre- sentation of the fuse carrier in the dash panel
s2g8.b.book Page 194 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8:53 AM
Index
216
Child seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Classification into groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126ISOFIX system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Use of child safety seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Children and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Chrome parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Cigarette lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Climatronic
Defrosting windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Recirculated air mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Setting temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Climatronic (automatic air conditioning) . . . . . . . 89 Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Clothes hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Cockpit
General view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Convenience operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Converting/masking over headlights . . . . . . . . . . 142Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
replenishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Coolant level
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Coolant quantity
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Coolant temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Coolant temperature/coolant level
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Correct seated position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Counter for distance driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Cruise control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Cup holder
front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
DDeactivating
an airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Deactivating an airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Defrosting rear window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55De-icing the windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Detachable towing device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Diesel engines
Starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Digital clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Direction indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Distance driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Door
Child safety lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Driving economically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138EEDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Electric sliding/tilting roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Electrically adjustable exterior mirror . . . . . . . . . . . 58Electronic Differential Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Electronic immobiliser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 36
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Electronic stability programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Electronic stability programme (ESP)
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Emergency wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Engine
starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94switching off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Engine compartment
Safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Engine electronics
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163replenishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Engine revolutions counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Environmental compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138, 142 ESP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Exhaust gas
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Exhaust gas inspection
Warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Exterior mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Exterior mirror heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58FFirst-aid box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
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