2005 SSANGYONG RODIUS alternator

08-5
ENGINE ELECTRIC SYSTEM
RODIUS 2005.07
1452-01
1. DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF ENGINE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1) BATTERY
The sealed battery is standard on all cars. There are no vent plugs in the cover. The battery is
completely sealed, except for two small vent holes in the sides.
These vent holes allow the small amount of gas pro-duced in the battery to escape. The battery
has the following advantages over conventional batteries:
No water addition for the life of the battery.
Overcharge protection. If too much voltage is applied to the battery, it will not accept as
much current as a conventional battery. In a conventional battery, the excess voltage will
still try to charge the battery, leading to gassing, which causes liquid loss.
Not as liable to self-discharge as a conventional battery. This is particularly important when
a battery is left standing for long periods of time.
More power available in a lighter, smaller case. -
-
-
-
The battery has three major functions in the electrical system. First, the battery provides a
source of energy for cranking the engine. Second, the battery acts as a voltage stabilizer for the
electrical system. Finally, the battery can, for a limited time, provide energy when the electrical
demand exceeds the output of the alternator.
2) RATINGS
A battery has two ratings: (1) a reserve capacity rating designated at 27°C (80°F), which
is the time a fully charged battery will provide 25 amperes of current flow at or above 10.5 volts;
(2) a cold cranking amp rating determined under testing at -18°C (0°F), which indicates
the cranking
load capacity.
▶Reserve Capacity
The reserve capacity (RC) is the maximum length of time it is possible to travel at night with the
minimum electrical load and no alternator output. Expressed in minutes, the RC rating is the
time required for a fully charged battery, at a temperature of 27 °C (80 °F) and being
discharged at
a current of 25 amperes, to reach a terminal voltage of 10.5 volts.
▶Cold Cranking Amperage
The cold cranking amperage test is expressed at a battery temperature of -18°C (0°F).
The current rating is the minimum amperage, which must be maintained by the battery for 30
seconds at the specified temperature, while meeting a minimum voltage requirement of 7.2
volts. This
rating is a measure of cold cranking capacity.
The battery is not designed to last indefinitely. However, with proper care, the battery will
provide many years of service. If the battery tests well, but fails to perform satisfactorily
in service for no apparent reason, the following factors may point to the cause of the trouble:

08-6
RODIUS 2005.07
1452-01
ENGINE ELECTRIC SYSTEM
Vehicle accessories are left on overnight.
Slow average driving speeds are used for short periods.
The vehicle’s electrical load is more than the alternator output, particularly with the
addition of aftermarket equipment.
Defects in the charging system, such as electrical shorts, a slipping alternator belt, a faulty
alternator, or a faulty voltage regulator.
Battery abuse, including failure to keep the battery cable terminals clean and tight or a
loose battery holddown clamp.
Mechanical problems in the electrical system, such as shorted or pinched wires. -
-
-
-
-
-
3) CHARGING SYSTEM
Alternators use a new type of regulator that incorpo-rates a diode trio. A Delta stator, a rectifier
bridge, and a rotor with slip rings and brushes are electrically similar to earlier alternators.
A
conventional pulley and fan are used.
There is no test hole.
4) CHARGING TIME REQUIRED
The time required to charge a battery will vary depending upon the following factors:
Size of Battery
- A Completely discharged large heavy-duty battery required more than twice the recharging
time as a completely discharged small passenger car battery.
Temperature
<00540047004700680047009300960095008e008c00990047009b00900094008c0047009e00900093009300470089008c00470095008c008c008b008c008b0047009b00960047008a008f00880099008e008c00470088009500a0004700890088009b009b00
8c009900a000470088009b004700540058005f00b6006a0047>(0°F) than at 27°C
(80°F).
When a fast charger is connected to a cold battery, the current accepted by the battery will
be very low at first. The battery will accept a higher current rate as the battery warms.
Charger Capacity
- A charger which can supply only 5 amperes will require a much longer charging period
than a charger that can supply 30 amperes or more.
State-of-Charge
- A completely discharged battery requires more than twice as much charge as a onehalf
charged battery. Because the electrolyte is nearly pure water and a poor conductor in a
completely discharged battery, the current accepted by the battery is very low at first. Later,
as the charging current causes the electrolyte acid content to
increase, the charging current will likewise increase. ▶
▶
▶
▶

08-8
RODIUS 2005.07
1452-01
ENGINE ELECTRIC SYSTEM
6) JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE
Position the vehicle with the charged battery so that the jumper cables will reach from the
charged battery to the battery that requires charging.
Turn off the ignition, all the lights, and all the electrical loads in both vehicles.
Leave the hazard flasher on if jump starting where there may be other traffic and any other
lights needed for the work area.
Apply the parking brake firmly in both vehicles. 1.
2.
3.
4.
In order to avoid damaging the vehicle make sure the cables are not on or near pulleys, fans,
or
other parts that will move when the engine starts.
Shift an automatic transmission to PARK. 5.
In order to avoid injury, do not use cables that have loose or missing insulation.
Clamp one end of the first jumper cable to the positive terminal on the booster battery. Make
sure it does not touch any other metal parts.
Clamp the other end of the same cable to the positive terminal on the discharged battery.
Never connect the other end to the negative terminal of the discharged battery. 6.
7.
Do not attach the cable directly to the neg-ative terminal of the discharged battery. Doing so
could cause sparks and possible battery explosion.
Clamp one end of the second cable to the negative terminal of the booster battery.
Make the final connection to a solid engine ground, such as the engine lift bracket at least
450 millimeters (18 inches) from the discharged battery.
Start the engine of the vehicle with the good battery.
Run the engine at a moderate speed for several minutes.
Then start the engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery.
Remove the jumper cables by reversing the above sequence exactly, removing the
negative cable from the vehicle with the discharged battery first. While removing each
clamp, take care that it does not touch any other metal while the other end remains
attached. 8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
7) ALTERNATOR
Alternators are equipped with internal regulators. Unlike three-wire alternators, the alternator
may be used with only two connections: battery positive and an “D+” terminal to the
charge indicator lamp.
As with other charging systems, the charge indicator lamp lights when the ignition switch is
turned to RUN, and goes out when the engine is running. If the charge idicator is on with the
engine running, a charging system defect is indicated. This indicator light will glow at full
brilliance for several kinds of defects as well as when the system voltage is too high or too low.
The regulator voltage setting varies with temperature and limits the system voltage by
controlling rotor field current. Achieve correct average field current for proper system voltage
control by varying the on-off time. At high speeds, the on-time may be 10 percent and the off-
time 90 percent. At low speeds, with high electrical loads, the on-time may be 90 percent and
the off-time 10 percent.

08-9
ENGINE ELECTRIC SYSTEM
RODIUS 2005.07
1452-01
8) STARTER
Wound field starter motors have pole pieces, arranged around the armature, which are
energized by wound field coils.
Enclosed shift lever cranking motors have the shift lever mechanism and the solenoid plunge
r
enclosed in the drive housing, protecting them from exposure to dirt, icy conditions, and
splashes. In the basic circuit, solenoid windings are energized when the switch is closed. The
resulting plunger and shift lever movement causes the pinion to engage the engine flywheel
ring gear. The solenoid main contacts close. Cranking then takes place.
When the engine starts, pinion overrun protects the armature from excessive speed until the
switch is opened, at which time the return spring causes the pinion to disengage.
To prevent excessive overrun, the switch should be released immediately after the engine
starts.
9) STARTING SYSTEM
The engine electrical system includes the battery, the ignition, the starter, the alternator, and all
the related wiring.
Diagnostic tables will aid in troubleshooting system faults.
When a fault is traced to a particular component, refer to that component section of the service
manual.
The starting system circuit consists of the battery, the starter motor, the ignition switch, and all
the related electrical wiring. All of these components are connected electrically.