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The FCM/HFCM should be drained
at regular intervals or when the
WATER IN FUEL light illuminates in
the instrument cluster.
The fuel injectors are located in the center of the combustion chambers
in the cylinder head between the rocker arm assemblies. The glow plug
system and fuel injection system are controlled through the Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) and Fuel Injection Control Module (FICM).
Fuel is drawn from the fuel tank by a frame-mounted electric fuel pump.
The fuel pump provides pressurized fuel to the engine and is
electronically controlled by the fuel pump PCM relay. The fuel pump
contains a pressure relief valve for overpressure protection in the event
of restricted flow.
Lubrication system
It is important to change the engine oil at the recommended service
intervals, because oil viscosity is important in maintaining the oil
pressure required to actuate the fuel injectors. Extended oil change
intervals can negatively affect engine performance, fuel economy and
engine life. Refer to the engine oil specification chart located under
Engine oil specificationsin theMaintenance and Specifcations
section of this supplement.
Fast start glow plug system
The glow plug system consists of:
•eight glow plugs
•the glow plug control module (GPCM)
•engine oil temperature (EOT) sensor
•barometric pressure (BARO) sensor
The glow plug system is
electronically controlled by the
PCM. The GPCM energizes the glow
plugs immediately after the ignition
is placed in the ON position, then determines how long the glow plugs
will be on according to the EOT and BARO sensors. The required time
for the glow plugs to be energized decreases as the engine oil
temperature and barometric pressure increase.
Introduction
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Engine oil specifications
To help achieve proper engine performance and durability, it is important
that only engine lubricating oils of the proper quality are used in your
diesel engine and that the engine oil is changedno laterthan the
recommended interval. Diesel engines require specially formulated oil to
resist contamination. Proper quality oils also provide maximum efficiency
of the crankcase ventilating system which reduces air pollution.
For normal or severe service, use Motorcraft oil or an equivalent oil
conforming to Ford Specification WSS-M2C171–D or API Service
categories CI-4, CI-4/SL or DHD-1. If CI-4 oil is not available, CH-4 is
acceptable..
Engine oils with improved fuel economy properties (energy conserving)
are currently available. If you use an energy conserving oil, be sure it
meets the recommended Ford Specification,APIservice categories and
SAE viscosity grades listed in the Lubricant and Maintenance Materials
Specifications chart. Some energy conserving oilsdo notmeet the
requirements necessary for your diesel engine.
* Heavy duty trailer towing with ambient temperatures above 10°C
(50°F) requires 15W-40 engine oil.
The use of correct oil viscosities for diesel engines is important for
satisfactory operation. Determine which oil viscosity best suits the
temperature range you expect to encounter for the next service interval.
Maintenance and Specifications
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A symbol has been developed by the
American Petroleum Institute (API)
to help you select the proper engine
oil. It will be included on the oil
container you purchase. The top
section of the symbol shows the oil
performance by the API designation.
This should match the owner guide recommendation. The center section
will show the SAE viscosity grade. The lower section will state energy
conserving if the oil has proven fuel saving capabilities.
Changing engine oil and filter
Change your oil and filter according to theGeneral Owner’s
Informationsection of this supplement. Change more frequently if your
vehicle operation includes extended periods of idling or low-speed
operation, driving for a long time in cold temperatures or driving short
distances. See the following sectionEngine lubrication for severe
service operationfor all severe duty restrictions.
Use Ford Engine Oil Filter Part No. 3C3Z-6731–AA (FL–2016) or
equivalent. These filters protect your engine by filtering harmful,
abrasive or sludge particles. The FL–2016 filters particles significantly
smaller than most available“will-fit”filters.
To replace the filter,
1. Unscrew the oil filter cap and wait a few seconds for the oil to drain
through the built-in drain valve.Note:The filter should be changed
before reinstalling the oil pan drain plug.
2. Reinstall and tighten the oil filter cap.
Do not handle a hot oil filter with bare hands.
Continuous contact with USED motor oil has caused cancer in
laboratory mice. Protect your skin by washing with soap and
water.
Engine lubrication for severe service operation
The following severe service operating conditions require unique engine
maintenance procedures:
•towing a trailer over 1,600 km (1,000 miles)
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The complexity of the diesel engine makes it so the owner is discouraged
from attempting to perform maintenance other than the services
described in this supplement.
If you experience difficult starting, rough idling, excessive exhaust
smoke, a decrease in engine performance or excess fuel consumption,
perform the following checks:
•a plugged air inlet system or engine air filter element.
•water in the fuel filter/water separator.
•a clogged fuel filter.
•contaminated fuel.
•air in the fuel system, due to loose connections.
•an open or pinched sensor hose.
•low engine oil level.
•wrong fuel or oil viscosity for climactic conditions.
If these checks do not help you correct the engine performance problem
you are experiencing, consult an authorized dealer.
FUELING
Do not use starting fluid such as ether or gasoline in the diesel
air intake system. Such fluids can cause immediate explosive
damage to the engine and possible personal injury.
If you fuel your vehicle at a truck stop, you may notice that the fuel
nozzle may shut off every 5–10 seconds. This is due to the flow rates
being designed for larger heavy duty trucks. You may have to fuel at a
slower rate (don’t depress the nozzle trigger fully).
Do not run your diesel vehicle out of fuel as this will allow air to enter
the fuel system which will make restarting difficult. Longer engine
cranking time may be required once air is in the fuel system. If air enters
the fuel system (either through running the fuel tank(s) empty or during
a fuel filter change), the engine will self-purge the trapped air once it
starts running. The engine may run roughly and produce white smoke
while air is in the fuel system; this is normal and should stop after a
short time.
MINOR TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
If the engine won’t crank
Turn on the headlights. If the lights are dim, do not go on at all or if
when the ignition is turned to 5 (START) the lights become dim or go
Maintenance and Specifications
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