2002 SAAB 9-5 wheel torque

167 Starting and driving
Traction Control SystemHow the system works The traction control system (TCS) is
designed to prevent wheelspin. This
enables the car to achieve the best possible
grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort,
together with greater stability.
The TCS system uses information from the
ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect
when the front (driving) wheels are rotating
faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors
whether one driving wheel is rotating faster
than the other. If so, the faster wheel is
retarded until both wheels are rotating at the
same speed.
If the two front wheels are rotating at the
same speed but are turning faster than the
rear wheels, the torque from the engine is
reduced to eliminate the difference.
The process continues until all the wheels
are rotating at the same speed.
The advantages of the TCS system become
most apparent when the cohesion between
the front wheels and the road surface is so
low that one or both of the wheels would
lose their grip were the car not equipped
with the TCS, e.g.:  When the car is pulling away or accelerat-
ing with the front wheels on different sur-
faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The
TCS then functions like an electronic dif-
ferential lock.
 When the car is pulling away or accelerat-
ing on a slippery road, in which case the
TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same
applies when the car is reversing.
 On cornering, if there is a tendency for the
inner front wheel to rotate faster than the
other wheels.
 On overtaking.
TCS OFF The indicator on the main instrument
panel will come on:
 If a fault has been detected and the
system has therefore been switched off.
 If there is a fault in the ABS system.
 If the system has been switched off man-
ually.
The indicator light will also come on for
4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to
ON, while an internal system check is per-
formed. TCS indicator The indicator light will come on for
4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to
ON, while an internal system check is per-
formed.
The light in the tachometer comes on
when the system is operative, i.e. when the
wheels are not rotating at the same speed.
The fact that the TCS system is operative
indicates that the limit for grip has been
exceeded and that the driver must exert
greater care.
WARNING
In normal driving, the TCS system will
help to improve the safety of the car, but
it does not mean that the car can be
driven faster. The same care and pru-
dence normally applied should be dis-
played on cornering and when driving on
slippery roads.
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192 Car care and technical informationORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor
Recovery)Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling
will be recovered by the car and not
released into the atmosphere. The hydro-
carbons are absorbed in a evaporative
emission canister. When the engine is sub-
sequently started, the evaporative emission
canister is gradually purged as air is sucked
into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro-
carbon/air mixture passes through the evap
canister purge valve and into the engine
where it is burned.
When refueling, make sure you screw the
filler cap on and keep turning until it has
clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos-
sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi-
nate and a ”TIGHTEN FUEL FILLER CAP”
message to appear on SID.
Refueling, see page 152.
Engine2.3-liter engineThe 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin-
der in-line engine with twin overhead cam-
shafts and 4 valves per cylinder.
This engine is equipped with balance shafts
that reduce engine vibration to a minimum.
The balance shafts are chain driven and
rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft.
They produce forces and torques that are
opposed to those generated by the pistons
and connecting rods, an effect that occurs
twice for each revolution of the engine.
Engine noise is also reduced as the
counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra-
tion from the moving parts of the engine.
The transmission, located on the right
(viewed from the front), is integrated with
the engine. All models have front-wheel
drive.
3.0t V6 engine The 3.0-liter engine is a transverse, V6
engine with each bank of cylinders having
double overhead camshafts and 4 valves
per cylinder.
The transmission, located on the right
(viewed from the front), is integrated with
the engine. All models have front-wheel
drive.
IB601
Balance shafts, 4-cyl. engine
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229 Car care and technical information
If a floor jack is used, it can be applied to the
standard jacking points used by the dealer.
A floor jack can lift both front wheels or both
rear wheels off the ground simultaneously.
A jack stand must then be applied under-
neath the front of the engine subframe (at
the fixing point for the towrope-attachment
eye) or to the rear towrope-attachment eye
(or under the trailer hitch, if fitted).
1 Put the car in 1st gear (automatic trans-
mission: move selector to the P position)
and apply the parking brake.2 Wind the jack up to a suitable height
before placing it under the recess in the
sill.
Make sure that the jack fully engages
the recess in the sill and that the base of
the jack is steady and flat on the ground.
3 Remove the wheel cover (where appli-
cable).
Loosen the wheel bolts by half a turn.
4 Wind the jack to raise the wheel clear of
the ground. Remove the wheel bolts and
lift off the wheel.
5 Clean the contact surfaces between the
wheel and brake disc.
6 Fit the wheel and screw in the bolts in the
sequence shown (opposite pairs).
Tighten the bolts enough for the bolts
and wheel to be seated correctly.
7 Lower the car and tighten the wheel
bolts to the correct torque in the
sequence shown (opposite pairs).
Tightening torqueLight-alloy wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Steel wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Do not overtighten the bolts using a per-
cussion nut tightener: not only can this
damage the wheels but it can also make it impossible to undo the bolts using the
wheel wrench in the car’s toolkit.
8 Check-tighten the wheel bolts after a
few miles.
Tightening torqueLight-alloy wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Steel wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
NOTEApply the jack only to the jacking points
indicated.
NOTEWhen refitting wheel covers (where
applicable), make sure that the valve
protrudes through the hole in the wheel
cover.
IB1130
Jacking points for a trolley jack
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230 Car care and technical information
Flat spottingAll tires get hot, especially on long journeys
or when the car is driven hard. After the car
has been parked with hot tires and the tires
have cooled down, a flat spot can appear in
the tire, where it is in contact with the
ground. The same can occur if the car has
not been moved for a long time.
Flat spots can give rise to vibration that can
be felt through the steering wheel, similar to
that experienced when the wheels need bal-
ancing. Flat spots of this type disappear
once the tires get hot again, usually after
10–15 miles (20–25 km) of driving at cruis-
ing speed.
WARNING
If the car has been driven for several
years exclusively with alloy wheels and
steel wheels are now fitted, the bolt hole
threads in the brake hubs should be
cleaned before the thinner steel wheels
are fitted. Grit, salt and rust can clog the
inner threads making it impossible to
achieve the correct tightening torque.
IB539
Tightening sequence, wheel bolts
IB1800IB1800
Removing the wheel cover
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264 IndexSpare wheel
___________________ 226
Spare wheel and tools
___________ 142
Spark plugs
____________________ 253
Speed rating ___________________ 222
Speedometer _______________ 56
, 57
Starting in cold weather, ACC
_______ 78
Starting in hot weather, ACC _______ 78
Steering wheel adjustment
________ 122
Steering, technical data
__________ 255
Stone-chip damage, repairing
______ 234
Storage compartments
___________ 129
Sun visors
_____________________ 128
Sunroof
_______________________ 126
Suspension
____________________ 255
Suspension, technical data
________ 255
Switches
_______________________ 65
Systems, adjustment
_____________ 259
TTCS OFF
_______________________ 55
Table of fuses
__________________ 218
Tachometer
_____________________ 56
Tailgate, opening
________________ 41
Tank gauge
_____________________ 57
Technical data __________________ 247
Telematics
_____________________ 105
Temperature control, ACC
_________ 74
Temperature gauge, engine ________ 57
Temperature zones, ACC
__________ 74
Textile carpeting
________________ 232
Through-load hatch ______________ 134Tie Downs
_____________________134
Tightening torque, wheel studs
_____227
Tire markings
_____________ 222
, 223
Tire pressure
______________ 178
, 222
Tires
____________________ 222
, 256
Tools
_________________________142
Touching-in the paintwork
_________234
Towbar attachment
______________173
Towbar load
___________________175
Towing the car __________________180
Towing, automatics
______________180
Traction
_______________________167
Trailer weights
__________________249
Trionic
________________________191
Trip computer
___________________59
Trip meter
______________________56
Trunk
_________________________132
Trunk lid, opening
________________41
Turbo gauge
____________________58
Turbo, points to note
_____________149
UUnder the hood, 3.0t V6
__________190
Under the hood, 4-cyl
____________189
Upholstery and trim
______________232
Upholstery and trim, care of
_______232
Useful tips, ACC
_________________80
VVanity mirrors
__________________128Ventilated front seats
____________ 121
Viscosity, engine oil _____________ 250
WWarning labels
___________________ 8
Warning light, AIR BAG
___________ 34
Warning lights
__________________ 50
Washers
_____________________ 202
Washers, windshield
____________ 203
Washing the car
_______________ 233
Waxing and polishing
___________ 233
Wear indicators, tires ____________ 224
Wheel, change
________________ 227
Wheels and tires ___________ 222
, 256
Wheels and tires, sizes
__________ 256
Window glass sensor, car alarm
____ 44
Windshield washers
_____________ 70
Windshield wipers
_______________ 70
Wiper blades, replacing
__________ 202
Wipers and washers
_________ 70
, 202
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