centage of antifreeze can cause the engine to over-
heat because specific heat of antifreeze is lower than
that of water.
CAUTION: Richer antifreeze mixtures cannot be
measured with normal field equipment and can
cause problems associated with 100 percent ethyl-
ene-glycol.
CAUTION: Do not use coolant additives that are
claimed to improve engine cooling.
OPERATION - AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
FLUID
The automatic transmission fluid is selected based
upon several qualities. The fluid must provide a high
level of protection for the internal components by
providing a lubricating film between adjacent metal
components. The fluid must also be thermally stable
so that it can maintain a consistent viscosity through
a large temperature range. If the viscosity stays con-
stant through the temperature range of operation,
transmission operation and shift feel will remain con-
sistent. Transmission fluid must also be a good con-
ductor of heat. The fluid must absorb heat from the
internal transmission components and transfer that
heat to the transmission case.
FLUID CAPACITIES
SPECIFICATIONS - FLUID CAPACITIES
DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
FUEL TANK 18.5 U.S. Gallons (70
Liters)****
ENGINE OIL
Engine Oil - with Filter -
2.4L2.4L (5.0 qts.)
Engine Oil - with Filter -
3.7L3.7L (5.0 qts.)
Engine Oil - With Filter -
2.5L Diesel6.5L (6.9 qts.)
ENGINE COOLANT
Cooling System - 2.4L 9.6L (10.1 qts.)
Cooling System - 3.7L 12.3L (13.0 qts.)
Cooling System - 2.5L
Diesel12.5L (13.2 qts.)
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Service Fill - 45RFE 4.73L (10.0 pts)
O-haul Fill - 45RFE 13.33L (28.0 pts)
Dry fill capacity Depending on type and size of
internal cooler, length and inside diameter of cooler
lines, or use of an auxiliary cooler, these figures may
vary. (Refer to 21 - TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE/
AUTOMATIC/FLUID - STANDARD PROCEDURE)
TRANSFER CASE
NV231 1.4L (2.95 pts.)
NV242 1.6L (3.4 pts.)
MANUAL TRANSMISSION
NV1500 (Approximate dry
fill or fill to bottom edge of
the fill plug hole.)2.28L (2.41 qts.)
NV3550 (Approximate dry
fill or fill to bottom edge of
fill plug hole.)2.28L (2.41 qts.)
FRONT AXLE
186 FIA (Model 30) 1.24L (41.9 fl. oz.)
REAR AXLE
198 RBI (Model 35) 1.78L (60.2 fl. oz.)*
8 1/4 2.08L (4.4 pts.)*
* When equipped with Trac-lok, include 4.0 ounces of
Friction Modifier.
****Nominal refill capacities are shown. A variation
may be observed from vehicle to vehicle due to
manufacturing tolerance and refill procedure.
0 - 4 LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCEKJ
FLUID TYPES (Continued)
subjected to a high torque load, deposits partially liq-
uefy and bridge the gap between electrodes (Fig. 23).
This short circuits the electrodes. Spark plugs with
electrode gap bridging can be cleaned using standard
procedures.
SCAVENGER DEPOSITS
Fuel scavenger deposits may be either white or yel-
low (Fig. 24). They may appear to be harmful, but
this is a normal condition caused by chemical addi-
tives in certain fuels. These additives are designed to
change the chemical nature of deposits and decrease
spark plug misfire tendencies. Notice that accumula-
tion on the ground electrode and shell area may be
heavy, but the deposits are easily removed. Spark
plugs with scavenger deposits can be considered nor-
mal in condition and can be cleaned using standard
procedures.
CHIPPED ELECTRODE INSULATOR
A chipped electrode insulator usually results from
bending the center electrode while adjusting the
spark plug electrode gap. Under certain conditions,
severe detonation can also separate the insulator
from the center electrode (Fig. 25). Spark plugs with
this condition must be replaced.
PREIGNITION DAMAGE
Preignition damage is usually caused by excessive
combustion chamber temperature. The center elec-
trode dissolves first and the ground electrode dis-
solves somewhat latter (Fig. 26). Insulators appear
relatively deposit free. Determine if the spark plug
has the correct heat range rating for the engine.
Determine if ignition timing is over advanced or if
other operating conditions are causing engine over-heating. (The heat range rating refers to the operat-
ing temperature of a particular type spark plug.
Spark plugs are designed to operate within specific
temperature ranges. This depends upon the thick-
ness and length of the center electrodes porcelain
insulator.)
SPARK PLUG OVERHEATING
Overheating is indicated by a white or gray center
electrode insulator that also appears blistered (Fig.
27). The increase in electrode gap will be consider-
ably in excess of 0.001 inch per 2000 miles of opera-
tion. This suggests that a plug with a cooler heat
range rating should be used. Over advanced ignition
timing, detonation and cooling system malfunctions
can also cause spark plug overheating.
Fig. 23 Electrode Gap Bridging
1 - GROUND ELECTRODE
2 - DEPOSITS
3 - CENTER ELECTRODE
Fig. 24 Scavenger Deposits
1 - GROUND ELECTRODE COVERED WITH WHITE OR
YELLOW DEPOSITS
2 - CENTER ELECTRODE
Fig. 25 Chipped Electrode Insulator
1 - GROUND ELECTRODE
2 - CENTER ELECTRODE
3 - CHIPPED INSULATOR
8I - 14 IGNITION CONTROLKJ
SPARK PLUG (Continued)
