(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
(G) Generator Lamp Illuminated
GENERIC
SCAN TOOL
CODEDRB SCAN TOOL DISPLAY DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
P1489 (M) High Speed Fan CTRL Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the control circuit of
the high speed radiator fan control relay.
P1490 (M) Low Speed Fan CTRL Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in control circuit of the
low speed radiator fan control relay.
P1491 Rad Fan Control Relay Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the radiator fan
control relay control circuit. This includes PWM solid state
relays.
P1492 (M,G) Ambient/Batt Temp Sen Volts Too High External temperature sensor input above acceptable voltage.
P1493 (M,G) Ambient/Batt Temp Sen Volts Too Low External temperature sensor input below acceptable voltage.
P1494 (M) Leak Detection Pump Sw or
Mechanical FaultIncorrect input state detected for the Leak Detection Pump
(LDP) pressure switch.
P1495 (M) Leak Detection Pump Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the Leak Detection
Pump (LDP) solenoid circuit.
P1496 (M) 5 Volt Supply, Output Too Low 5 volt sensor feed is sensed to be below an acceptable limit.
( < 4v for 4 sec ).
P1498 High Speed Rad Fan Ground CTRL
Rly CircuitAn open or shorted condition detected in the control circuit of
the #3 high speed radiator fan control relay.
P1594 (G) Charging System Voltage Too High Battery voltage sense input above target charging voltage
during engine operation.
P1595 Speed Control Solenoid Circuits An open or shorted condition detected in either of the speed
control vacuum or vent solenoid control circuits.
P1596 Speed Control Switch Always High Speed control switch input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
P1597 Speed Control Switch Always Low Speed control switch input below minimum acceptable
voltage.
P1598 A/C Pressure Sensor Volts Too High A/C pressure sensor input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
P1599 A/C Pressure Sensor Volts Too Low A/C pressure sensor input below minimum acceptable
voltage.
P1602 (M) PCM not Programmed PCM not programmed (generic controller fault).
P1603 PCM Internal Dual Port Ram
CommunicationDual port RAM communication link error.
P1604 PCM Internal Dual Port Ram
Read/Write Integrity FailureDual port RAM read/write error.
P1607 PCM internal Shutdown Timer
RationalityA rationality error has been detected for the shutdown timer.
P1680 Clutch Released Switch Circuit
P1681 No I/P Cluster CCD/J1850 Messages
ReceivedNo CCD/J1850 messages received from the cluster control
module.
P1682 (G) Charging System Voltage Too Low Battery voltage sense input below target charging voltage
during engine operation and no significant change in voltage
detected during active test of generator output circuit.
RSELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES8E-23
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (Continued)
ProCarManuals.com
(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
(G) Generator Lamp Illuminated
GENERIC
SCAN TOOL
CODEDRB SCAN TOOL DISPLAY DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
P1683 SPD CTRL PWR Relay; or S/C 12v
Driver CKTAn open or shorted condition detected in the speed control
servo power control circuit. (SBECII: ext relay).
P1684 Battery Loss In The Last 50 Starts The battery has been disconnected within the last 50 starts.
P1685 Skim Invalid Key The engine controller has received an invalid key from the
SKIM.
P1686 No SKIM BUS Messages Received No CCD/J1850 messages received from the Smart Key
Immobilizer Module (SKIM).
P1687 No MIC BUS Message No CCD/J1850 messages received from the Mechanical
Instrument Cluster (MIC) module.
P1693 DTC Detected in Companion Module A fault has been generated in the companion engine control
module.
P1694 Fault In Companion Module No CCD/J1850 messages received from the powertrain
control module-Aisin transmission.
P1695 No CCD/J1850 Message From Body
Control ModuleNo CCD/J1850 messages received from the body control
module.
P1696 (M) PCM Failure EEPROM Write Denied Unsuccessful attempt to write to an EEPROM location by the
control module.
P1697 (M) PCM Failure SRI Mile Not Stored Unsuccessful attempt to update Service Reminder Indicator
(SRI or EMR) mileage in the control module EEPROM.
P1698 (M) No CCD/J1850 Message From TCM No CCD/J1850 messages received from the electronic
transmission control module (EATX) or the Aisin transmission
controller.
P1719 Skip Shift Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the transmission
2-3 gear lock-out solenoid control circuit.
P1740 TCC or O/D Solenoid Performance Rationality error detected in either the torque convertor
clutch or solenoid or overdrive solenoid system.
P1756 GOV Press Not Equal to Target @
15-20 PSIThe requested pressure and the actual pressure are not
within a tolerance band for the Governor Control System
which is used to regulate governor pressure to control shifts
for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gear. (Mid Pressure Malfunction)
P1757 GOV Press Not Equal to Target @
15-20 PSIThe requested pressure and the actual pressure are not
within a tolerance band for the Governor Control System
which is used to regulate governor pressure to control shifts
for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd gear (Zero Pressure Malfunction)
P1762 Gov Press Sen Offset Volts Too Low
or HighThe Governor Pressure Sensor input is greater than a
calibration limit or is less than a calibration limit for 3
consecutive park/neutral calibrations.
P1763 Governor Pressure Sensor Volts Too
HiThe Governor Pressure Sensor input is above an acceptable
voltage level.
P1764 Governor Pressure Sensor Volts Too
LowThe Governor Pressure Sensor input is below an acceptable
voltage level.
P1765 Trans 12 Volt Supply Relay CTRL
CircuitAn open or shorted condition is detected in the Transmission
Relay control circuit. This relay supplies power to the TCC
P1899 (M) P/N Switch Stuck in Park or in Gear Incorrect input state detected for the Park/Neutral switch.
8E - 24 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULESRS
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (Continued)
ProCarManuals.com
(M) Check Engine Lamp (MIL) will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
(G) Generator Lamp Illuminated
GENERIC
SCAN TOOL
CODEDRB SCAN TOOL DISPLAY DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
P2008 Short Runner Valve Solenoid Circuit An open or shorted condition detected in the short runner
tuning valve control circuit.
P2302 Ignition Coil Secondary #1 Circuit
P2305 Ignition Coil Secondary #2 Circuit
P2308 Ignition Coil Secondary #3 Circuit
P2311 Ignition Coil Secondary #4 Circuit
P2314 Ignition Coil Secondary #5 Circuit
P2317 Ignition Coil Secondary #6 Circuit
P2320 Ignition Coil Secondary #7 Circuit
P2323 Ignition Coil Secondary #8 Circuit
P2503 Charging System Voltage Low Charging system voltage below minimum acceptable voltage.
OPERATION - SENSOR RETURN - PCM INPUT
The sensor return circuit provides a low electrical
noise ground reference for all of the systems sensors.
The sensor return circuit connects to internal ground
circuits within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
OPERATION - SCI RECEIVE - PCM INPUT
SCI Receive is the serial data communication
receive circuit for the DRB scan tool. The Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) receives data from the DRB
through the SCI Receive circuit.
OPERATION - IGNITION SENSE - PCM INPUT
The ignition sense input informs the Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) that the ignition switch is in
the crank or run position.
OPERATION - PCM GROUND
Ground is provided through multiple pins of the
PCM connector. Depending on the vehicle there may
be as many as three different ground pins. There are
power grounds and sensor grounds.
The power grounds are used to control the ground
side of any relay, solenoid, ignition coil or injector.
The signal ground is used for any input that uses
sensor return for ground, and the ground side of any
internal processing component.
The SBEC III case is shielded to prevent RFI and
EMI. The PCM case is grounded and must be firmly
attached to a good, clean body ground.
Internally all grounds are connected together, how-
ever there is noise suppression on the sensor ground.
For EMI and RFI protection the case is also
grounded separately from the ground pins.
OPERATION
OPERATION - 8-VOLT SUPPLY - PCM OUTPUT
The PCM supplies 8 volts to the crankshaft posi-
tion sensor, camshaft position sensor.
OPERATION - 5 VOLT SUPPLY - PCM OUTPUT
The PCM supplies 5 volts to the following sensors:
²A/C pressure transducer
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure sensor
²Throttle position sensor
²Linear EGR solenoid
²Battery temperature
²Knock sensor
STANDARD PROCEDURE - OBTAINING
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
BULB CHECK
Key on: Bulb illuminated until vehicle starts, as
long as all once per trip (readiness) monitors com-
pleted. If monitors havenotbeen completed, then:
Key on: bulb check for about 8 seconds, lamp then
flashes if once per trip (readiness) monitors havenot
been completed until vehicle is started, then MIL is
extinguished.
OBTAINING DTC'S USING DRB SCAN TOOL
(1) Connect the DRB scan tool to the data link
(diagnostic) connector. This connector is located in
the passenger compartment; at the lower edge of
instrument panel; near the steering column.
RSELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES8E-25
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (Continued)
ProCarManuals.com
TRANSMISSION CONTROL
MODULE
DESCRIPTION
The Transmission Control Module (TCM) is located
behind the left fender and is fastened with three
screws to three clips in the left frame rail forward of
the suspension (Fig. 14).
OPERATION
The TCM is the controlling unit for all electronic
operations of the transaxle. The TCM receives infor-
mation regarding vehicle operation from both direct
and indirect inputs, and selects the operational mode
of the transaxle. Direct inputs are hardwired to, and
used specifically by the TCM. Indirect inputs origi-
nate from other components/modules, and are shared
with the TCM via the J1850 communication bus.Some examples ofdirect inputsto the TCM are:
²Battery (B+) voltage
²Ignition ªONº voltage
²Transmission Control Relay (Switched B+)
²Throttle Position Sensor
²Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)
²Transmission Range Sensor (TRS)
²Pressure Switches (L/R, 2/4, OD)
²Transmission Temperature Sensor (Integral to
TRS)
²Input Shaft Speed Sensor
²Output Shaft Speed Sensor
Some examples ofindirect inputsto the TCM are:
²Engine/Body Identification
²Manifold Pressure
²Target Idle
²Torque Reduction Confirmation
²Speed Control ON/OFF Switch
²Engine Coolant Temperature
²Ambient/Battery Temperature
²Brake Switch Status
²DRB Communication
Based on the information received from these var-
ious inputs, the TCM determines the appropriate
shift schedule and shift points, depending on the
present operating conditions and driver demand.
This is possible through the control of various direct
and indirect outputs.
Some examples of TCMdirect outputsare:
²Transmission Control Relay
²Solenoids (LR/CC, 2/4, OD and UD)
²Vehicle Speed (to PCM)
²Torque Reduction Request (to PCM)
An example of a TCMindirect outputis:
²Transmission Temperature (to PCM)
In addition to monitoring inputs and controlling
outputs, the TCM has other important responsibili-
ties and functions:
²Storing and maintaining Clutch Volume Indices
(CVI)
²
Storing and selecting appropriate Shift Schedules
²System self-diagnostics
²Diagnostic capabilities (with DRB scan tool)
Fig. 14 Transmission Control Module (TCM)
Location
1 - TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM)
8E - 28 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULESRS
ProCarManuals.com
CLUTCH VOLUME INDEX (CVI)
An important function of the TCM is to monitor
Clutch Volume Index (CVI). CVIs represent the vol-
ume of fluid needed to compress a clutch pack.
The TCM monitors gear ratio changes by monitor-
ing the Input and Output Speed Sensors. The Input,
or Turbine Speed Sensor sends an electrical signal to
the TCM that represents input shaft rpm. The Out-
put Speed Sensor provides the TCM with output
shaft speed information.
By comparing the two inputs, the TCM can deter-
mine transaxle gear ratio. This is important to the
CVI calculation because the TCM determines CVIs
by monitoring how long it takes for a gear change to
occur (Fig. 15).
Gear ratios can be determined by using the DRB
Scan Tool and reading the Input/Output Speed Sen-
sor values in the ªMonitorsº display. Gear ratio can
be obtained by dividing the Input Speed Sensor value
by the Output Speed Sensor value.
For example, if the input shaft is rotating at 1000
rpm and the output shaft is rotating at 500 rpm,
then the TCM can determine that the gear ratio is
2:1. In direct drive (3rd gear), the gear ratio changes
to 1:1. The gear ratio changes as clutches are applied
and released. By monitoring the length of time it
takes for the gear ratio to change following a shift
request, the TCM can determine the volume of fluid
used to apply or release a friction element.
The volume of transmission fluid needed to apply
the friction elements are continuously updated for
adaptive controls. As friction material wears, the vol-
ume of fluid need to apply the element increases.
Certain mechanical problems within the clutch
assemblies (broken return springs, out of position
snap rings, excessive clutch pack clearance, improper
assembly, etc.) can cause inadequate or out-of-rangeclutch volumes. Also, defective Input/Output Speed
Sensors and wiring can cause these conditions. The
following chart identifies the appropriate clutch vol-
umes and when they are monitored/updated:
CLUTCH VOLUMES
ClutchWhen Updated
Proper Clutch
Volume
Shift Sequence Oil Temperature Throttle Angle
L/R2-1 or 3-1 coast
downshift>70É <5É 35to83
2/4 1-2 shift
> 110É5 - 54É20 to 77
OD 2-3 shift 48 to 150
UD 4-3 or 4-2 shift > 5É 24 to 70
Fig. 15 Example of CVI Calculation
1 - OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR
2 - OUTPUT SHAFT
3 - CLUTCH PACK
4 - SEPARATOR PLATE
5 - FRICTION DISCS
6 - INPUT SHAFT
7 - INPUT SPEED SENSOR
8 - PISTON AND SEAL
RSELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES8E-29
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (Continued)
ProCarManuals.com
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - PINION FACTOR
SETTING
NOTE: This procedure must be performed if the
Transmission Control Module (TCM) has been
replaced with a NEW or replacement unit. Failure to
perform this procedure will result in an inoperative
or improperly calibrated speedometer.
The vehicle speed readings for the speedometer are
taken from the output speed sensor. The TCM must
be calibrated to the different combinations of equip-
ment (final drive and tires) available. Pinion Factor
allows the technician to set the Transmission Control
Module initial setting so that the speedometer read-
ings will be correct. To properly read and/or reset the
Pinion Factor, it is necessary to use a DRBIIItscan
tool.
(1) Plug the DRBIIItscan tool into the diagnostic
connector located under the instrument panel.
(2) Select the Transmission menu.
(3) Select the Miscellaneous menu.
(4) Select Pinion Factor. Then follow the instruc-
tions on the DRBIIItscan tool screen.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - QUICK LEARN
PROCEDURE
The quick learn procedure requires the use of the
DRBIIItscan tool. This program allows the elec-
tronic transaxle system to recalibrate itself. This will
provide the best possible transaxle operation.
NOTE: The quick learn procedure should be per-
formed if any of the following procedures are per-
formed:
²Transaxle Assembly Replacement
²Transmission Control Module Replacement
²Solenoid/Pressure Switch Assembly Replacement
²Clutch Plate and/or Seal Replacement
²Valve Body Replacement or Recondition
To perform the Quick Learn Procedure, the follow-
ing conditions must be met:
²The brakes must be applied
²The engine speed must be above 500 rpm
²The throttle angle (TPS) must be less than 3
degrees
²The shift lever position must stay until
prompted to shift to overdrive
²The shift lever position must stay in overdrive
after the Shift to Overdrive prompt until the
DRBIIItindicates the procedure is complete
²The calculated oil temperature must be above
60É and below 200É(1) Plug the DRBIIItscan tool into the diagnostic
connector. The connector is located under the instru-
ment panel.
(2) Go to the Transmission screen.
(3) Go to the Miscellaneous screen.
(4) Select Quick Learn Procedure. Follow the
instructions of the DRBIIItto perform the Quick
Learn Procedure.
REMOVAL
NOTE: If transmission control module is being
replaced with a new or replacement unit, the Pinion
Factor and Quick Learn procedures must be per-
formed. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
CONTROL MODULES/TRANSMISSION CONTROL
MODULE - STANDARD PROCEDURE) (Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES/
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE - STANDARD
PROCEDURE)
(1) Disconnect battery negative cable.
(2) Raise vehicle on hoist.
(3) Remove left front tire/wheel assembly.
(4) Pull back splash shield to gain access to TCM
location.
(5) Disconnect TCM 60-way connector (Fig. 16).
Fig. 16 Transmission Control Module 60-way
Connector
1 - TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM)
2 - 60-WAY CONNECTOR
RSELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES8E-31
ProCarManuals.com
ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE
DESCRIPTION..........................1
OPERATION............................1
STANDARD PROCEDURE - PCM/ECM/SKIM
PROGRAMMING - DIESEL...............2REMOVAL.............................4
INSTALLATION..........................4
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE
DESCRIPTION
The ECM is located in the left front corner of the
engine compartment attached to the radiator support
(Fig. 1).
OPERATION
The ECM has been programmed to monitor differ-
ent circuits of the diesel fuel injection system. Thismonitoring is called on-board diagnostics. Certain cri-
teria must be met for a diagnostic trouble code to be
entered into the ECM memory. The criteria may be a
range of: engine rpm, engine temperature, time or
other input signals to the ECM. If all of the criteria
for monitoring a system or circuit are met, and a
problem is sensed, then a DTC will be stored in the
ECM memory. It is possible that a DTC for a moni-
tored circuit may not be entered into the ECM mem-
ory, even though a malfunction has occurred. This
may happen when the monitoring criteria have not
been met. The ECM compares input signal voltages
from each input device with specifications (the estab-
lished high and low limits of the input range) that
are programmed into it for that device. If the input
voltage is not within the specifications and other
trouble code criteria are met, a DTC will be stored in
the ECM memory.
ECM OPERATING MODES
As input signals to the ECM change, the ECM
adjusts its response to the output devices. For exam-
ple, the ECM must calculate a different fuel quantity
and fuel timing for engine idle condition than it
would for a wide open throttle condition. There are
several different modes of operation that determine
how the ECM responds to the various input signals.
Ignition Switch On (Engine Off)
When the ignition is turned on, the ECM activates
the glow plug relay for a time period that is deter-
mined by engine coolant temperature, atmospheric
temperature and battery voltage.
Engine Start-Up Mode
The ECM uses the engine temperature sensor and
the crankshaft position sensor (engine speed) inputs
to determine fuel injection quantity.
Normal Driving Modes
Engine idle, warm-up, acceleration, deceleration
and wide open throttle modes are controlled based on
all of the sensor inputs to the ECM. The ECM uses
Fig. 1 ENGINE CONTROL MODULE LOCATION-
TYPICAL
1 - BATTERY
2 - IPM (INTEGRATED POWER MODULE)
3 - ECM (ENGINE CONTROL MODULE)
4 - RETAINING BOLT
5 - RADIATOR SUPPORT
6 - CLUTCH CABLE BRACKET (LHD)
7 - CLUTCH CABLE BRACKET RETAINING BOLT (LHD)
RGELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES8Ea-1
ProCarManuals.com
these sensor inputs to adjust fuel quantity and fuel
injector timing.
Limp-In Mode
If there is a fault detected with the accelerator
pedal position sensor, the ECM will set the engine
speed at 1100 RPM.
Overspeed Detection Mode
If the ECM detects engine RPM that exceeds 5200
RPM, the ECM will set a DTC in memory and illu-
minate the MIL until the DTC is cleared.
After-Run Mode
The ECM transfers RAM information to ROM and
performs an Input/Output state check.
MONITORED CIRCUITS
The ECM is able to monitor and identify most
driveability related trouble conditions. Some circuits
are directly monitored through ECM feedback cir-
cuitry. In addition, the ECM monitors the voltage
state of some circuits and compares those states with
expected values. Other systems are monitored indi-
rectly when the ECM conducts a rationality test to
identify problems. Although most subsytems of the
engine control module are either directly or indirectly
monitored, there may be occasions when diagnostic
trouble codes are not immediately identified. For a
trouble code to set, a specific set of conditions must
occur and unless these conditions occur, a DTC will
not set.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
Each diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is diagnosed by
following a specific procedure. The diagnostic test
procedure contains step-by-step instruction for deter-
mining the cause of the DTC as well as no trouble
code problems. Refer to the appropriate Diesel Pow-
ertrain Diagnostic Manual for more information.
HARD CODE
A DTC that comes back within one cycle of the
ignition key is a hard code. This means that the
problem is current every time the ECM/SKIM checks
that circuit or function. Procedures in this manual
verify if the DTC is a hard code at the beginning of
each test. When the fault is not a hard code, an
intermittent test must be performed. NOTE: If the
DRBIIItdisplays faults for multiple components (i.e.
ECT, VSS, IAT sensors) identify and check the
shared circuits for possible problems before continu-
ing (i.e. sensor grounds or 5-volt supply circuits).
Refer to the appropriate schematic to identify shared
circuits. Refer to the appropriate Diesel Powertrain
Diagnostic Manual for more information.INTERMITTENT CODE
A DTC that is not current every time the ECM/
SKIM checks the circuit or function is an intermit-
tent code. Most intermittent DTCs are caused by
wiring or connector problems. Problems that come
and go like this are the most difficult to diagnose;
they must be looked for under specific conditions that
cause them.NOTE: Electromagnetic (radio)
interference can cause an intermittent system
malfunction.This interference can interrupt com-
munication between the ignition key transponder and
the SKIM. The following checks may assist you in
identifying a possible intermittent problem:
²Visually inspect the related wire harness connec-
tors. Look for broken, bent, pushed out or corroded
terminals.
²Visually inspect the related wire harness. Look
for chafed, pierced or partially broken wire.
²Refer to hotlines or technical service bulletins
that may apply. Refer to the appropriate Diesel Pow-
ertrain Diagnostic Manual for more information.
ECM DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
IMPORTANT NOTE: Before replacing the ECM for
a failed driver, control circuit or ground circuit, be
sure to check the related component/circuit integrity
for failures not detected due to a double fault in the
circuit. Most ECM driver/control circuit failures are
caused by internal failures to components (i.e. relays
and solenoids) and shorted circuits (i.e. sensor pull-
ups, drivers and ground circuits). These faults are
difficult to detect when a double fault has occurred
and only one DTC has set. If the DRBIIItdisplays
faults for multiple components (i.e.VSS, ECT, Batt
Temp, etc.) identify and check the shared circuits for
possible problems before continuing (i.e. sensor
grounds or 5-volt supply circuits). Refer to the appro-
priate wiring diagrams to identify shared circuits.
Refer to the appropriate Diesel Powertrain Diagnos-
tic Manual for more information.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - PCM/ECM/SKIM
PROGRAMMING - DIESEL
NOTE: Before replacing the PCM/ECM for a failed
driver, control circuit or ground circuit, be sure to
check the related component/circuit integrity for
failures not detected due to a double fault in the cir-
cuit. Most PCM/ECM driver/control circuit failures
are caused by internal component failures (i.e. relay
and solenoids) and shorted circuits (i.e. pull-ups,
drivers and switched circuits). These failures are
difficult to detect when a double fault has occurred
and only one DTC has set.
8Ea - 2 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULESRG
ENGINE CONTROL MODULE (Continued)
ProCarManuals.com