2001 NISSAN ALMERA N16 oil type

+Do not use gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, gas oil, thinners or
solvents for cleaning skin.
+If skin disorders develop, obtain medical advice without delay.
+Where practicable, degrease components prior to handling.
+Where there is a risk of eye contact, eye protection should be
worn, for example, chemical goggles or face shields; in addi-
tion an eye wash facility should be provided.
Environmental Protection PrecautionsNJGI0001S0702Burning used engine oil in small space heaters or boilers can be
recommended only for units of approved design. The heating sys-
tem must meet the requirements of HM Inspectorate of Pollution for
small burners of less than 0.4 MW. If in doubt, check with the
appropriate local authority and/or manufacturer of the approved
appliance.
Dispose of used oil and used oil filters through authorized waste
disposal contractors to licensed waste disposal sites, or to the
waste oil reclamation trade. If in doubt, contact the local authority
for advice on disposal facilities.
It is illegal to pour used oil on to the ground, down sewers or drains,
or into water courses.
The regulations concerning the pollution vary between
regions.
PRECAUTIONS FOR FUELNJGI0001S08Gasoline EngineNJGI0001S0803Europe
Models with three way catalyst
Unleaded premium gasoline of at least 95 octane (RON)
If premium gasoline is not available, unleaded regular gaso-
line with an octane rating of 91 (RON) may be temporarily
used, but only under the following precautions:
+Have the fuel tank filled only partially with unleaded regu-
lar gasoline, and fill up with premium unleaded gasoline
as soon as possible.
+Avoid full throttle driving and abrupt acceleration.
CAUTION:
Do not use leaded gasoline. Using leaded gasoline will dam-
age the three way catalyst.
Except For Europe
Models without three way catalyst
Leaded gasoline of at least 91 octane (RON)
Models with three way catalyst
Unleaded gasoline of above 91 octane (RON)
For improved vehicle performance, Nissan recommends the use of
premium unleaded gasoline above 95 octane (RON).
CAUTION:
Do not use leaded gasoline. Using leaded gasoline will dam-
age the three way catalyst.
Diesel Engine*:NJGI0001S0804Diesel fuel of at least 50 cetane
* If two types of diesel fuel are available, use summer or winter
fuel properly according to the following temperature conditions.
+Above þ7ÉC (20ÉF) ... Summer type diesel fuel.
+Below þ7ÉC (20ÉF) ... Winter type diesel fuel.
CAUTION:
+Do not use home heating oil, gasoline, or other alternate
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-8

Engine and Emission Control Maintenance
(Gasoline engine)
NJMA0005S04Abbreviations: I = Inspect and correct or replace as necessary, R = Replace, A = Adjust, C = Clean, E = Check and correct the
engine coolant mixture ratio.
MAINTENANCE OPERATIONMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Refer-
ence
page Perform either at number of kilometers (miles)
or months, whichever comes first.km x 1,000
(Miles x 1,000)
Months1
(0.6)
Ð10
(6)
620
(12)
1230
(18)
1840
(24)
2450
(30)
3060
(36)
3670
(42)
4280
(48)
48
Underhood and under vehicle
Torque of manifolds & exhaust tube nuts*1 I Ð
Intake & exhaust valve clearance*2AAAAEM-42
Drive belts I*1 I*1 I I*1 I EM-15
Engine oil (Use API SE, SF, SG, SH or SJ
oil.)HRRRRRRRRLC-8
Engine oil filter (Use Part No. 15208 65F01 or
equivalent)HRRRRRRRRLC-9
Engine coolant (Use Nissan genuine engine
coolant L2N or equivalent in its quality.)See NOTE (1) E R LC-17
Cooling systemIIIILC-12
Fuel linesI I FE-5
Air cleaner filter (Dry paper type)HCCCRCCCREM-0
Air cleaner filter (Viscous paper type)HR R EM-17
Fuel filter See NOTE (2) FE-9
Positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system I*1 I*1 I*1 I*1 EC-37
Spark plugs (Conventional type)*3 R R EM-18
Spark plugs (Conventional type, For leaded
fuel)*1I R I R I R I R EM-18
Spark plugs (Conventional type, For unleaded
fuel)*1I I I R I I I R EM-18
EVAP vapor lines (With carbon canister) I I EC-34
Vacuum hoses & connections*1IIIIEC-27
Heated oxygen sensor (Exhaust gas sensor) I I EC-176
NOTE:
HMaintenance items with ªHº should be performed more frequently according to ªMaintenance Under Severe Driving Con-
ditionsº.
(1) Use Nissan genuine engine coolant, or equivalent in its quality, in order to avoid possible aluminum corrosion within the
engine cooling system caused by the use of non-genuine engine coolant. After first replacement, replace every 40,000 km (24,
000 miles) or 24 months.
(2) Maintenance-free item. For service procedures, refer to FE section.
*1: Models without three way catalyst
*2: For models with three way catalyst, periodic maintenance is not required. However, if valve noise increases, check valve clearance.
*3: Models with three way catalyst
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE (EXCEPT FOR EUROPE)
Engine and Emission Control Maintenance (Gasoline engine)
MA-5

NJMA0006
Fluids and LubricantsNJMA0006S01
Recommended fluids and lubricants
Engine oilQG engine+Except for Europe
API SE, SF, SG, SH or SJ*1
ILSAC grade GF-I or GF-II*1
+For Europe
API SG, SH or SJ*1
ILSAC grade GF-I or GF-II*1
ACEA 96-A2
YD engine+Except for Europe
API CD, CE, CF or CF-4*1, *2
+For Europe
API CF-4*1, *2
ACEA 98-B1
Cooling system+Except for Europe
Nissan genuine engine coolant, or equivalent in its quality*3
+For Europe
Genuine Nissan Anti-freeze Coolant (L2N) or equivalent*3
Manual transaxle gear oil+Except for Europe
API GL-4
Viscosity SAE 75W-90
+For Europe
Genuine Nissan XZ gear oil or exact equivalent.
Automatic transaxle fluid Genuine Nissan ATF or equivalent*4
Power steering fluid Type Dexron
TMIII or equivalent
Brake and clutch fluid+Except for Europe
DOT 3 (US FMVSS No. 116)
+For Europe
DOT 3 or DOT 4 (US FMVSS No. 116)*5
Multi-purpose grease NLGI No. 2 (Lithium soap base)
*1: For further details, see ªSAE Viscosity Numberº.
*2: Never use API CG-4.
*3: Use Nissan genuine engine coolant [For Europe, use Genuine Nissan Anti-freeze Coolant (L2N)] or equivalent in its quality, in order
to avoid possible aluminum corrosion within the engine cooling system caused by the use of non-genuine engine coolant.
Note that any repairs for the incidents within the engine cooling system while using non-genuine engine coolant may not be
covered by the warranty even if such incidents occurred during the warranty period.
*4: Contact a Nissan dealership for more information regarding suitable fluids, including recommended brand(s) of Dexron
TMIII/MerconTM
Automatic Transmission Fluid.
*5: Never mix different types of fluids (DOT 3 and DOT 4).
RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS
Fluids and Lubricants
MA-20

ENGINE MECHANICAL
SECTION
EM
CONTENTS
QG
PRECAUTIONS...............................................................4
Parts Requiring Angular Tightening .............................4
Liquid Gasket Application Procedure ..........................4
PREPARATION...............................................................5
Special Service Tools ..................................................5
Commercial Service Tools ...........................................7
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING.....................................................9
NVH Troubleshooting - Engine Noise .........................9
OUTER COMPONENT PARTS..................................... 11
Removal and Installation ........................................... 11
MEASUREMENT OF COMPRESSION PRESSURE....14
DRIVE BELTS................................................................15
Checking ....................................................................15
AIR CLEANER...............................................................17
Cleaning and Changing .............................................17
VISCOUS PAPER TYPE...........................................17
SPARK PLUG................................................................18
Checking and Changing ............................................18
OIL PAN.........................................................................19
Components...............................................................19
Removal .....................................................................19
Installation ..................................................................20
TIMING CHAIN..............................................................22
Components...............................................................22
Removal .....................................................................23
Inspection...................................................................26
Installation ..................................................................27
OIL SEAL.......................................................................31
Replacement ..............................................................31
VALVE OIL SEAL.....................................................31
FRONT OIL SEAL....................................................31
REAR OIL SEAL......................................................32
CYLINDER HEAD..........................................................33
Components...............................................................33
Removal .....................................................................34
Disassembly...............................................................36Inspection...................................................................36
CYLINDER HEAD DISTORTION...............................36
CAMSHAFT VISUAL CHECK....................................36
CAMSHAFT RUNOUT..............................................37
CAMSHAFT CAM HEIGHT.......................................37
CAMSHAFT JOURNAL CLEARANCE........................37
CAMSHAFT END PLAY............................................38
CAMSHAFT SPROCKET RUNOUT...........................38
VALVE GUIDE CLEARANCE....................................38
VALVE GUIDE REPLACEMENT................................39
VALVE SEATS.........................................................40
REPLACING VALVE SEAT FOR SERVICE PARTS....40
VALVE DIMENSIONS...............................................41
VALVE SPRING.......................................................41
VALVE LIFTER AND VALVE SHIM............................41
Valve Clearance.........................................................42
CHECKING.............................................................42
ADJUSTING............................................................43
Assembly ...................................................................45
Installation ..................................................................45
ENGINE ASSEMBLY.....................................................49
Removal and Installation ...........................................49
REMOVAL...............................................................50
INSTALLATION........................................................51
CYLINDER BLOCK.......................................................52
Components...............................................................52
Removal and Installation ...........................................53
Disassembly...............................................................53
PISTON AND CRANKSHAFT....................................53
Inspection...................................................................54
PISTON AND PISTON PIN CLEARANCE..................54
PISTON RING SIDE CLEARANCE............................54
PISTON RING END GAP..........................................54
CONNECTING ROD BEND AND TORSION...............55
CYLINDER BLOCK DISTORTION AND WEAR...........55
PISTON-TO-BORE CLEARANCE..............................56
CRANKSHAFT.........................................................57
BEARING CLEARANCE...........................................57
CONNECTING ROD BUSHING CLEARANCE
(SMALL END)
..........................................................59

REPLACEMENT OF CONNECTING ROD
BUSHING (SMALL END)
..........................................60
FLYWHEEL/DRIVE PLATE RUNOUT........................60
Assembly ...................................................................60
PISTON..................................................................60
CRANKSHAFT.........................................................61
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS).........64
General Specifications ...............................................64
Compression Pressure ..............................................64
Belt Deflection............................................................64
Spark Plug .................................................................65
Cylinder Head ............................................................65
Valve ..........................................................................66
VALVE....................................................................66
VALVE SPRING.......................................................66
VALVE LIFTER........................................................66
VALVE CLEARANCE................................................67
VALVE GUIDE.........................................................67
AVAILABLE SHIMS..................................................67
VALVE SEAT...........................................................70
VALVE SEAT RESURFACE LIMIT.............................71
Camshaft and Camshaft Bearing ..............................71
Cylinder Block ............................................................72
Piston, Piston Ring and Piston Pin ...........................73
PISTON..................................................................73
PISTON RING.........................................................73
PISTON PIN............................................................73
Connecting Rod .........................................................74
Crankshaft..................................................................74
Main Bearing..............................................................74
STANDARD.............................................................74
UNDERSIZE............................................................74
Connecting Rod Bearing ...........................................75
STANDARD SIZE....................................................75
UNDERSIZE............................................................75
Bearing Clearance .....................................................75
Miscellaneous Components.......................................75
YD
PRECAUTIONS.............................................................76
Parts Requiring Angular Tightening ...........................76
Liquid Gasket Application Procedure ........................76
PREPARATION.............................................................77
Special Service Tools ................................................77
Commercial Service Tools .........................................79
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING...................................................81
NVH Troubleshooting - Engine Noise .......................81
MEASUREMENT OF COMPRESSION PRESSURE....82
DRIVE BELTS................................................................84
Inspection...................................................................84
Adjustment .................................................................84
AIR CONDITIONER COMPRESSOR BELT................85
ALTERNATOR & WATER PUMP BELT.....................85
Removal .....................................................................85
Installation ..................................................................86
AIR CLEANER...............................................................87
Changing Air Cleaner Filter .......................................87
VISCOUS PAPER TYPE...........................................87
OIL PAN.........................................................................88
Components...............................................................88
Removal .....................................................................88
Installation ..................................................................90
TIMING CHAIN..............................................................93
Secondary Timing Chain ...........................................93
REMOVAL...............................................................93
INSPECTION...........................................................95
INSTALLATION........................................................95
Primary Timing Chain ................................................98
REMOVAL...............................................................99
INSPECTION.........................................................101
INSTALLATION......................................................101
INTAKE MANIFOLD....................................................106
Removal and Installation .........................................106
PREPARATIVE WORK...........................................106
FUEL PIPING........................................................107
INTAKE MANIFOLD...............................................107
EGR VOLUME CONTROL VALVE...........................107
WATER HOSE.......................................................107
Inspection.................................................................108
INTAKE MANIFOLD...............................................108
CATALYST..................................................................109
Removal and Installation .........................................109
PREPARATIVE WORK...........................................109
CATALYST............................................................109
GUSSET............................................................... 110
EXHAUST MANIFOLD, TURBOCHARGER............... 111
Removal and Installation ......................................... 111
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 111
EXHAUST MANIFOLD AND TURBOCHARGER....... 111
EXHAUST MANIFOLD GASKET............................. 112
Disassembly and Assembly ..................................... 112
TURBOCHARGER................................................. 112
Inspection................................................................. 113
EXHAUST MANIFOLD........................................... 113
TURBOCHARGER................................................. 113
ROCKER COVER........................................................ 116
Removal and Installation ......................................... 116
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 116
ROCKER COVER.................................................. 116
CYLINDER HEAD........................................................ 118
Components............................................................. 118
Removal ................................................................... 119
PREPARATIVE WORK........................................... 119
CAMSHAFT........................................................... 119
CYLINDER HEAD..................................................120
Disassembly.............................................................120
Inspection.................................................................121
CONTENTS(Cont'd)
EM-2

NJEM0005
NVH Troubleshooting Ð Engine NoiseNJEM0005S01Use the chart below to help you find the cause of the symptom.
1. Locate the area where noise occurs.
2. Confirm the type of noise.
3. Specify the operating condition of engine.
4. Check specified noise source.
If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
Location of
noiseType of
noiseOperating condition of engine
Source of
noiseCheck itemReference
page Before
warm-
upAfter
warm-
upWhen
start-
ingWhen
idlingWhen
racingWhile
driving
To p o f
Engine
Rocket
Cover Cyl-
inder HeadTicking or
clickC A Ð A B Ð Tappet
noise+Valve clearance EM-42
Rattle C A Ð A B C Camshaft
bearing
noise+Camshaft journal
clearance
+Camshaft runoutEM-37
Crankshaft
Pulley
Cylinder
block (Side
of Engine)
Oil panSlap or
knockÐ A Ð B B Ð Piston pin
noise+Piston and piston pin
clearance
+Connecting rod bush-
ing clearanceEM-54, 59
Slap or
rapA Ð Ð B B A Piston slap
noise+Piston-to-bore clear-
ance
+Piston ring side clear-
ance
+Piston ring end gap
+Connecting rod bend
and torsionEM-54, 55,
56
Knock A B CB B B Connecting
rod-bearing
noise+Connecting rod bear-
ing clearance (Big
end)
+Connecting rod bush-
ing clearance (Small
end)EM-58, 59
Knock A B Ð A B C Main bear-
ing noise+Main bearing oil clear-
ance
+Crankshaft runoutEM-57
Front of
Engine Tim-
ing Chain
CoverTapping or
tickingAAÐBBBTiming
chain and
chain ten-
sioner noise+Timing chain cracks
and wear
+Timing chain tensioner
operationEM-26
Front of
EngineSqueak or
fizzingA B Ð B Ð C Other drive
belts (stick-
ing or slip-
ping)+Drive belts deflection EM-15
CreakingABABABOther drive
belts (slip-
ping)+Idler pulley bearing
operation
Squall or
creakABÐBABWater pump
noise+Water pump operation LC-14
A: Closely related B: Related C: Sometimes related Ð: Not related
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTINGQG
NVH Troubleshooting Ð Engine Noise
EM-9

SEM870F
Checking and ChangingNJEM00441. Disconnect ignition coil harness connectors.
2. Remove ignition coils.
SMA294A
3. Remove spark plugs with spark plug wrench.
4. Clean plugs in sand blast cleaner.
5. Check insulator for cracks or chips, gasket for damage or dete-
rioration and electrode for wear and burning. If they are exces-
sively worn away, replace with new spark plugs.
6. Check spark plug gap.
Spark plug
NGK Champion
TypeStandard BKR5E-11 RC10YC4
Hot BKR4E-11 Ð
Cold BKR6E-11 Ð
Plug gap mm (in) 1.0 - 1.1 (0.039 - 0.043)
SMA476
7. Install spark plugs.
Spark plug:
: 20 - 29 N´m (2.0 - 3.0 kg-m, 14 - 22 ft-lb)
8. Install ignition coils.
9. Connect ignition coil harness connectors.
SPARK PLUGQG
Checking and Changing
EM-18

Applied engineUsed belt deflection
Deflection of new belt
LimitDeflection after adjust-
ment
Power steering oil pumpQG15DE 8.5 (0.335)5.2 - 5.8
(0.205 - 0.228)4.6 - 5.2
(0.181 - 0.205)
QG18DE 7.1 (0.280)4.4 - 4.9
(0.173 - 0.193)3.9 - 4.4
(0.154 - 0.173)
Applied pushing force 98 N (10 kg, 22 lb)
Spark PlugNJEM0046
NGK Champion
TypeStandard BKR5E-11 RC10YC4
Hot BKR4E-11 Ð
Cold BKR6E-11 Ð
Plug gap mm (in)1.0 - 1.1 (0.039 - 0.043)
Cylinder HeadNJEM0030Unit: mm (in)
Standard Limit
Head surface flatness Less than 0.03 (0.0012) 0.1 (0.004)
Height 117.8 - 118.0 (4.638 - 4.646) Ð
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)QG
Belt Deflection (Cont'd)
EM-65