ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13) 6-1-3
GENERAL INFORMATION
STATEMENT ON CLEANLINESS AND CARE
An automobile engine is a combination of many machined, honed,
polished and lapped surfaces with tolerances that are measured in
the thousands of an millimeter (ten thousands of an inch).
Accordingly, when any internal engine parts are serviced, care and
cleanliness are important.
Throughout this section, it should be understood that proper clean-
ing and protection of machined surfaces and friction areas is part
of the repair procedure. This is considered standard shop practice
even if not specifically stated.
A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to friction areas
during assembly to protect and lubricate the surfaces on initial op-
eration.
Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston rings, con-
necting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft journal bearings are
removed for service, they should be retained in order.
At the time of installation, they should be installed in the same
locations and with the same mating surfaces as when removed.
Battery cables should be disconnected before any major work is
performed on the engine.
Failure to disconnect cables may result in damage to wire har-
ness or other electrical parts.
Throughout this manual, the four cylinders of the engine are iden-
tified by numbers; No.1 (1), No.2 (2), No.3 (3) and No.4 (4)
counted from crankshaft pulley side to flywheel side.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON ENGINE SERVICE
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION ON ENGINE SERVICE
SHOULD BE NOTED CAREFULLY, AS IT IS IMPORTANT IN PRE-
VENTING DAMAGE, AND IN CONTRIBUTING TO RELIABLE EN-
GINE PERFORMANCE.
When raising or supporting engine for any reason, do not use a
jack under oil pan. Due to small clearance between oil pan and
oil pump strainer, jacking against oil pan may cause it to be bent
against strainer resulting in damaged oil pick-up unit.
It should be kept in mind, while working on engine, that 12-volt
electrical system is capable of violent and damaging short cir-
cuits.
When performing any work where electrical terminals can be
grounded, ground cable of the battery should be disconnected at
battery.
Any time the air cleaner, throttle body or intake manifold is re-
moved, the intake opening should be covered. This will protect
against accidental entrance of foreign material which could follow
intake passage into cylinder and cause extensive damage when
engine is started.
HOSE CONNECTION
Clamp securely at a position 3 to
7mm (0.12–0.27 in.) from hose end. With short pipe, fit hose as far as it reaches pipe joint as
shown.
Hose
Pipe
ClampClamps securely at a position
3 to 7 mm (0.12–0.27 in.)
from hose end.
With following type pipe, fit hose as far as its peripheral
projection as shown.
Clamp securely at a position
3 to 7 mm (0.12–0.27 in.)
from hose end.
With bent pipe, fit hose as its bent part as shown or till pipe
is about 20 to 30 mm (0.79–1.18 in.) into the hose.
Clamp securely at a
position 3 to 7 mm
(0.12–0.27 in.) from hose
end.
With straight pipe, fit hose till pipe is, about 20 to 30 mm
(0.79–1.18 in.) into the hose.
Hose
20 to 30 mm
(0.79–1.18 in.)
Clamp
6-1-4 ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13)
PRECAUTION ON FUEL SYSTEM SERVICE
Work must be done with no smoking, in a well-ventilated area and
away from any open flames.
As fuel feed line (between fuel pump and fuel delivery pipe) is still
under high fuel pressure even after engine was stopped, loosen-
ing or disconnecting fuel feed line directly may cause dangerous
spout of fuel to occur where loosened or disconnected.
Before loosening or disconnecting fuel feed line, make sure to re-
lease fuel pressure according to “FUEL PRESSURE RELIEF
PROCEDURE”. A small amount of fuel may be released after the
fuel line is disconnected. In order to reduce the chance of person-
al injury, cover the fitting to be disconnected with a shop cloth. Put
that cloth in an approved container when disconnection is com-
pleted.
Never run engine with fuel pump relay disconnected when engine
and exhaust system are hot.
Fuel or fuel vapor hose connection varies with each type of pipe.
When reconnecting fuel or fuel vapor hose, be sure to connect
and clamp each hose correctly referring to left figure Hose Con-
nection.
After connecting, make sure that it has no twist or kink.
When installing injector or fuel delivery pipe, lubricate its O-ring
with spindle oil or gasoline.
When connecting fuel pipe flare nut, first tighten flare nut by hand
and then tighten it to specified torque.
ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13) 6-1-19
Operation
VISUAL INSPECTION
Visually check following parts and systems.
INSPECTION ITEM
REFERRING SECTION
Engine oil ––––– level, leakage
Engine coolant ––––– level, leakage
Fuel ––––– level, leakage
A / T fluid ––––– level, leakage
Air cleaner element ––––– dirt, clogging
Battery ––––– fluid level, corrosion of terminal
Water pump belt ––––– tension, damage
Throttle cable ––––– play, installation
Vacuum hoses of air intake system ––––– disconnection,
looseness, deterioration, bend
Connectors of electric wire harness ––––– disconnection, friction
Fuses ––––– burning
Parts ––––– installation, bolt ––––– looseness
Parts ––––– deformation
Other parts that can be checked visually
Also check following items at engine start, if possible
Malfunction indicator lamp
Charge warning lamp
Engine oil pressure warning lamp
Engine coolant temp. meter
Fuel level meter
Tachometer, if equipped
Abnormal air being inhaled from air intake system
Exhaust system ––––– leakage of exhaust gas, noise
Other parts that can be checked visuallySection 0B
Section 0B
Section 0B
Section 0B
Section 0B
Section 0B
Section 6E2
Section 8
Section 6
Section 6H
Section 8 (Section 6 for pressure check)
Section 8
Section 8
6-1-22 ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13)
ENGINE DIAGNOSIS TABLE
Perform troubleshooting referring to following table when ECM (PCM) has detected no DTC and no abnormality
has been found in visual inspection and engine basic inspection previously.
Condition
Possible CauseReferring Item
Hard Starting
(Engine cranks OK)Ignition system out of order
Faulty spark plug
Leaky high-tension cord
Loose connection or disconnection of high-
tension cords or lead wires
Faulty ignition coil
Fuel system out of order
Dirty or clogged fuel hose or pipe
Malfunctioning fuel pump
Air inhaling from intake manifold gasket or
throttle body gasket
Engine and emission control system out of
order
Faulty idle air control system
Faulty ECT sensor or MAP sensor
Faulty ECM (PCM)
Low compression
Poor spark plug tightening or faulty gasket
Compression leak from valve seat
Sticky valve stem
Weak or damaged valve springs
Compression leak at cylinder head gasket
Sticking or damaged piston ring
Worn piston, ring or cylinder
Others
Malfunctioning PCV valve
Spark plugs in Section 6F1
High-tension cords in Section 6F1
High-tension cords in Section 6F1
Ignition coil in Section 6F1
Diagnostic Flow Table B-3
Diagnostic Flow Table B-3
Diagnostic Flow Table B-4
ECT sensor or MAP sensor in
Section 6E2
Compression check in Section
6A1
Spark plugs in Section 6F1
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
Valve springs inspection in
Section 6A1
Cylinder head inspection in
Section 6A1
Cylinders, pistons and piston rings
inspection in Section 6A1
Cylinders, pistons and piston rings
inspection in Section 6A1
PCV system in Section 6E2
ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13) 6-1-23
ConditionPossible Cause]Referring Item
Low oil pressureImproper oil viscosity
Malfunctioning oil pressure switch
Clogged oil strainer
Functional deterioration of oil pump
Worn oil pump relief valve
Excessive clearance in various sliding partsEngine oil and oil filter change in
Section 0B
Oil pressure switch inspection in
Section 8
Oil pan and oil pump strainer
cleaning in Section 6A1
Oil pump in Section 6A1
Oil pump in Section 6A1
Engine noise
Note: Before
checking mechanical
noise, make sure
that:
Specified spark
plug in used.
Specified fuel is
used.Valve noise
Improper valve lash
Worn valve stem and guide
Weak or broken valve spring
Warped or bent valve
Piston, ring and cylinder noise
Worn piston, ring and cylinder bore
Connecting rod noise
Worn rod bearing
Worn crank pin
Loose connecting rod nuts
Low oil pressure
Crankshaft noise
Low oil pressure
Worn bearing
Worn crankshaft journal
Loose bearing cap bolts
Excessive crankshaft thrust play
Valve lash in Section 6A1
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
Valve springs inspection in
Section 6A1
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
Pistons and cylinders inspection
in Section 6A1
Crank pin and connecting rod
bearing inspection in Section 6A1
Crank pin and connecting rod
bearing inspection in Section 6A1
Connecting rod installation in
Section 6A1
Previously outlined
Previously outlined
Crankshaft and bearing
inspection in Section 6A1
Crankshaft and bearing
inspection in Section 6A1
Crankshaft inspection in
Section 6A1
Crankshaft thrust play inspection
in Section 6A1
6-1-24 ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13)
ConditionPossible CauseReferring Item
OverheatingInoperative thermostat
Poor water pump performance
Clogged or leaky radiator
Improper engine oil grade
Clogged oil filter or oil strainer
Poor oil pump performance
Faulty radiator fan control system
Dragging brakes
Slipping clutch
Blown cylinder head gasketThermostat in Section 6B
Water pump in Section 6B
Radiator in Section 6B
Engine oil and oil filter change in
Section 0B
Oil pressure check in Section 6A1
Oil pressure check in Section 6A1
Radiator fan control system in
Section 6E2
Trouble diagnosis in Section 5
Trouble diagnosis in Section 7C
Cylinder head in Section 6A1
Poor gasoline
mileageIgnition system out of order
Leaks or loose connection of high-tension cord
Faulty spark plug (improper gap, heavy deposits
and burned electrodes, etc.)
Engine and emission control system out of
order
Malfunctioning EGR valve
High idle speed
Poor performance of TP sensor, ECT sensor or
MAP sensor
Faulty EGR valve
Faulty fuel injector(s)
Faulty ECM (PCM)
Low compression
Others
Poor valve seating
Dragging brakes
Slipping clutch
Thermostat out of order
Improper tire pressure
High-tension cords in Section 6F1
Spark plugs in Section 6F1
EGR system in Section 6E2
Refer to item “Improper engine
idle speed” previously outlined
TP sensor, ECT sensor or MAP
sensor in Section 6E2
EGR system in Section 6E2
Diagnostic Flow Table B-1
Previously outlined
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
Trouble diagnosis in Section 5
Trouble diagnosis in Section 7C
Thermostat in Section 6B
Refer to Section 3F
Excessive engine
oil consumptionOil leakage
Blown cylinder head gasket
Leaky camshaft oil seals
Oil entering combustion chamber
Sticky piston ring
Worn piston and cylinder
Worn piston ring groove and ring
Improper location of piston ring gap
Worn or damaged valve stem seal
Worn valve stem
Cylinder head in Section 6A1
Camshaft in Section 6A1
Piston cleaning in Section 6A1
Pistons and cylinders inspection
in Section 6A1
Pistons inspection in Section 6A1
Pistons assembly in Section 6A1
Valves removal and installation in
Section 6A1
Valves inspection in Section 6A1
6-1-26 ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13)
ConditionPossible CauseReferring Item
Engine has no
powerIgnition system out of order
Faulty spark plug
Faulty ignition coil with ignitor
Leaks, loose connection or disconnection of
high-tension cord
Engine overheating
Fuel system out of order
Clogged fuel hose or pipe
Malfunctioning fuel pump
Air inhaling from intake manifold gasket or
throttle body gasket
Engine and emission control system out of
order
Malfunctioning EGR valve
Maladjusted accelerator cable play
Poor performance of TP sensor, ECT sensor or
MAP sensor
Faulty fuel injector(s)
Faulty ECM (PCM)
Low compression
Others
Dragging brakes
Slipping clutch
Spark plugs in Section 6F1
Ignition coil in Section 6F1
High-tension cords in Section 6F1
Refer to “Overheating” section
Diagnostic Flow Table B-3
Diagnostic Flow Table B-2
EGR system inspection in Section
6E2
Accelerator cable play in Section
6E2
TP sensor, ECT sensor or MAP
sensor in Section 6E2
Diagnostic Flow Table B-1
Previously outlined
Trouble diagnosis in Section 5
Trouble diagnosis in Section 7C
ENGINE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DIAGNOSIS (SFI FOR G13) 6-1-27
ConditionPossible CauseReferring Item
Improper engine
idling or engine
fails to idleIgnition system out of order
Faulty spark plug
Leaky or disconnected high-tension cord
Faulty ignition coil with ignitor
Fuel system out of order
Fuel pressure out of specification
Leaky manifold, throttle body, or cylinder head
gasket
Engine and emission control system out of
order
Malfunctioning EGR valve
Faulty idle air control system
Faulty evaporative emission control system
Faulty EGR system
Faulty fuel injector(s)
Poor performance of ECT sensor, TP sensor or
MAP sensor
Faulty ECM (PCM)
Engine overheating
Low compression
Others
Loose connection or disconnection of vacuum
hoses
Malfunctioning PCV valve
Spark plugs in Section 6F
High-tension cords in Section 6F
Ignition coil in Section 6F
Diagnostic Flow Table B-3
EGR system in Section 6E2
Diagnostic Flow Table B-4
EVAP control system in Section
6E2
EGR system in Section 6E2
Diagnostic Flow Table B-1
ECT sensor, TP sensor or MAP
sensor in Section 6E2
Refer to “Overheating” section
Previously outlined
PCV system in Section 6E2