1998 VOLVO S90 engine

1998 Volvo S90
Chapter 8 - (cont.)Engine oil
pg. 108
Checking the oil level

The oil level should be checked every
time the car is refuelled. This is
especially important during the engine
break-in period (up to the first service).

CAUTION: Not checking the oil level
regularly can result in serious engine
damage if the oil becomes too low.


Be sure the oil level is maintained between
the upper and lower marks on the dipstick.
Low oil level can cause internal damage to
the engine and over-filling can result in
high oil consumption. The distance
between the dipstick marks represents
approx. 1 US qt (1 liter) of oil. Before
checking the oil level after the car has been
driven, park the car on a level surface and
wait at least 5 minutes after the engine has
been switched off. The oil level should be
halfway between the MIN and MAX
marks.
If the oil is checked before the car is driven
(engine completely cold) the oil level
should be at the MAX mark.

NOTE: The engine must be stopped when
checking the oil.

Draining the oil

Drain the oil after driving while it is still
warm.

WARNING! The oil may be very
hot.
To add or change engine oil

Add oil of the same kind as already used.
Capacity (including filter): 5.9 US qts = 5.75 liters

Changing oil filter



Replace the oil filter at every oil change



WARNING! Oil spilled on a hot exhaust pipe
constitutes a fire risk.
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1998 Volvo S90


If you change the engine oil and filter
yourself, your Volvo retailer can assist you
in disposing of the used oil. Engine oil can
be harmful to your skin - gloves should
worn when performing this work.
Engine oil pg. 109
Oil quality

Meeting API specification SG, SG/CD, SH or
Energy Conserving (EC) II
For best fuel economy and engine protection
consult with your authorized Volvo retailer for
recommended oils. Oils with a different quality
rating may not provide adequate engine
protection.

Viscosity (stable ambient
temperatures):




Do not use oils with other viscosity ratings. The
use of incorrect viscosity oil can shorten engine
life.
Volvo recommends the use of energy-conserving
oils. Look for the API label. Synthetic oils
complying with oil quality requirements are
recommended for: driving in areas of sustained
temperature extremes (hot or cold), when towing
a trailer over long distances or for prolonged
driving in mountainous areas.
Extra oil additives must not be used unless
advised by an authorized Volvo retailer.

NOTE: SAE 15W/40 should only be used in


Changing oil and oil filter

Oil and oil filter changes should be made as
specified in the following table:

If driving conditions
include: Then the correct oil/oil
filter change interval
is:
l Extended periods of
idling and/or low-
speeds operation
l Frequent short trips
(less than 7 miles = 11
km)
l Extended periods of
driving in dusty and/or
sandy areas
l Trailer towing
l Driving in
mountainous areas EVERY 6 MONTHS
OR EVERY
5,000 miles= 8,000 km
WHICHEVER
COMES FIRST
l Primarily highway
driving
l Frequent trips of
longer than 7 miles =
11 km EVERY 12 MONTHS
OR EVERY
10,000 miles = 16,000
km
WHICHEVER
COMES FIRST
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1998 Volvo S90
extreme operating conditions such as trailer
towing in sustained ambient temperatures over
104° F (40° C). However, SAE 10W-30 synthetic
oil would be a better alternative in such
conditions.
SAE 15W-40 should not be used under normal
operating conditions.
American Petroleum Institute
(API) labels. These labels certify
the oil conforms to the applicable
standards and specifications of
the API.
Servicing pg. 110
Torque exhaust and
intake manifold nuts


A loose manifold could alter air/
fuel ratio and cause an increase
in emissions and/or poor
driveability.

Air cleaner

Replace the air cleaner cartridge
with a new one every 30,000
miles (48,000 km). The
cartridge should be replaced
more often when driving under
dirty and dusty conditions, The
filter cannot be cleaned and,
therefore, should always be
replaced with a new one.

Vacuum fittings, hoses
and connections


Unstable idle, misfiring, or poor
emission control is often caused
by leaking vacuum hoses or
connections. Check hoses and
connections on distributor
vacuum unit, connections on
heater control servo systems and
hydraulic brake servo.
Fuel system cap, tank
and lines, and
connections


The effectiveness of the fuel
system to contain hydrocarbons
is dependent largely on a
leakfree system. Check for
proper sealing of gasoline filler
cap which contains "O" ring-
type seals. Check all
evaporative hoses in vehicle for
tightness. Check fuel lines under
vehicle and repair if necessary.

Fuel (line) filter

The fuel line filter is located
next to the fuel pump. This filter
should be replaced every
100,000 miles (160,000 km).
The filter is replaced as one
complete unit.
Replace more frequently if
contaminated fuel is introduced
into the tank (or if there is
reason to suspect that this has
occurred).

Timing belt

WARNING!
The distributor ignition
system operates at very high
voltages. Special safety
precautions must be followed
to prevent injury.
Always turn the ignition off
when:
l Replacing distributor
ignition components e.g.
plugs, coil, etc.
l Do not touch any part of
the distributor ignition system
while the engine is running.
This may result in unintended
movements and body injury.


Replacing spark plugs

The spark plugs should be
changed every 30,000 miles
(48,000 km). However, city
driving or fast highway driving
may necessitate changing after
15,000 miles (24,000 km) of
driving. When installing new
plugs, be sure to fit the right type
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1998 Volvo S90

Idle air control system

Your Volvo is equipped with an
electronically-controlled idle air
control system that requires no
checking or adjustment.
Volvo recommends that the
timing belt be replaced every
70,000 miles (112,000 km).

PCV system

The orifice nipple in the intake
manifold and the filter at the
end of the PCV hose in the
aircleaner should be inspected
every 60,000 miles (96,000 km).
Check/replace rubber hoses at
the same time.
and use correct torque, see
Specifications. When changing
the plugs, check that the
suppressor connectors are in
good condition. Cracked or
damaged connectors should be
replaced.
When changing the spark plugs,
clean the terminals and the
rubber seals.
Battery maintenance pg. 111
Battery maintenance

Driving habits and conditions, climate, the
number of starts, etc. all affect the service life and
function of the battery. In order for your battery to
perform satisfactorily, keep the following in mind:
l Check the fluid level in the battery every 6
months or every 10,000 * miles (16,000 km).
The fluid level in each battery cell should be
checked - use a screw driver to open the caps and
a flashlight to inspect the level.
*More frequently in warm climates.
l If necessary, add distilled water to
approximately 0.4 in. (10 mm) above the plates in
the cell or to the level indicator. See the
illustrations above.
l Check that the battery cables are correctly
connected and properly tightened.
l Never disconnect the battery when the engine is
running, for example when changing the battery.
l The battery should be disconnected when a
boost charger is used.
l Switch off the radio before disconnecting the
battery. If your radio has an antitheft code and the
battery is disconnected, the radio code has to be
reentered in order for the radio to function.
Fuel/emissions systems pg. 112
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SFI is all-electronic and microprocessor-
controlled. It can continually compensate for
variations in engine load, speed and temperature
to give the best economy and power. An
important feature of the system is a mass air flow
sensor that measures the mass of the inducted air
instead of the volume. In this way the system can
make instantaneous adjustments for changes in air
temperature or density, thus always assuring the
best economy with the lowest possible exhaust
emissions.

Heated oxygen sensor

This is an emission control system designed to
reduce emissions and improve fuel economy. The
heated oxygen sensors monitor the composition of
the exhaust gases leaving the engine. The exhaust
gas analysis is fed into an electronic module. This
adjusts the air-fuel ratio to provide optimum
conditions for combustion and efficient reduction
of the three major pollutants (hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen) by a
three-way catalytic converter.
Air pump system

During cold starts, an electric pump is activated
which directs air to the exhaust channels. This
initiates a secondary combustion of exhaust gases
which helps minimize hydrocarbon and carbon
monoxide levels and reduces warm-up time for
the three-way catalytic converter. The pump
begins to function when the engine is started. It
remains in operation until the three-way catalytic
converter has reached normal operating
temperature. A sound may be audible from the air
pump during this warm-up period. This is normal.
When idling, the air pump performs a self-
diagnosis. A soft whining noise can be heard,
which is also normal.
Emissions systems pg. 113


Evaporative control system (EVAP)

The engine is equipped with a fuel evaporation
system which prevents the emission of fuel vapor


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1998 Volvo S90
into the atmosphere. The system consists of a
system of hoses in the fuel tank, a "Roll-Over"
valve on the cross-member forward of the fuel
tank, a carbon filter canister in the engine
compartment which binds the fuel vapors, and an
electric valve which, when necessary, empties the
canister in the engine compartment of evaporated
fuel and routes it into the engine. Crankcase ventilation

The engine is provided with positive crankcase
ventilation which prevents crankcase gases from
being released into the atmosphere. Instead, the
crankcase gases are admitted to the intake
manifold and cylinders.




Contents | Top of Page
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1998 Volvo S90
Chapter 8 - (cont.)
Engine compartment
pg. 114
Engine compartment S90/V90

1 Expansion tank, coolant
2 Oil filler cap, engine
3 Engine oil dipstick
4 Brake fluid reservoir
5 Battery
6 Data plate
7 Radiator
8 Power steering fluid reservoir
9 Air cleaner
10 Washer fluid reservoir
11 Main fuse box
12 Relay/fuse box

WARNING!
The cooling fan may start or continue to
operate (for up to 6 minutes) after the
engine has been switched off.
Lubrication pg. 115

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1998 Volvo S90
Check, without removing the cap, that the level is above
the "MIN" mark of the fluid reservoir.
Always entrust brake fluid changing to an authorized
Volvo retailer.
Drive belt pg. 117
Belt check

Check the belt regularly to make sure it is in good
condition and is clean. A worn or dirty belt can cause poor
cooling and low generator output as well as impair the
operation of the power steering and the air conditioning
unit.

WARNING! The engine must not be running when
this check is performed. NOTE: The belt is equipped with a self-questioning
mechanism and requires no adjustment between changes.
Cooling system pg. 118



Changing coolant

Normally, the coolant does not
need to be changed. If the system
must be drained, use the following
procedure:
Remove the expansion tank cap.
Open the drain cock on the right
side of the engine block and
disconnect the lower radiator
hose.
Fill coolant through the expansion
tank. The heater controls should
be fully open when draining and
WARNING: If the engine is
warm and you are going to top
up coolant, unscrew the cap
slowly in order to allow any
excess pressure to escape.


NOTE: Do not top up with water
only. Water by itself reduces the
rust-protective and anti-freeze
qualities of the coolant and has a
lower boiling point. It can also
cause damage to the cooling system
if it should freeze.
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