1997 JAGUAR XJ6 wheel

3261 Jaguar XJ6
MOT test checksREF•9
Seat belts and seats
Note: The following checks are applicable to
all seat belts, front and rear.
MExamine the webbing of all the belts
(including rear belts if fitted) for cuts, serious
fraying or deterioration. Fasten and unfasten
each belt to check the buckles. If applicable,
check the retracting mechanism. Check the
security of all seat belt mountings accessible
from inside the vehicle.
MThe front seats themselves must be
securely attached and the backrests must
lock in the upright position.
Doors
MBoth front doors must be able to be opened
and closed from outside and inside, and must
latch securely when closed.
Vehicle identification
MNumber plates must be in good condition,
secure and legible, with letters and numbers
correctly spaced – spacing at (A) should be
twice that at (B).
MThe VIN plate and/or homologation plate
must be legible.
Electrical equipment
MSwitch on the ignition and check the
operation of the horn.
MCheck the windscreen washers and wipers,
examining the wiper blades; renew damaged
or perished blades. Also check the operation
of the stop-lights.
MCheck the operation of the sidelights and
number plate lights. The lenses and reflectors
must be secure, clean and undamaged.
MCheck the operation and alignment of the
headlights. The headlight reflectors must not
be tarnished and the lenses must be
undamaged.
MSwitch on the ignition and check the
operation of the direction indicators (including
the instrument panel tell-tale) and the hazard
warning lights. Operation of the sidelights and
stop-lights must not affect the indicators - if it
does, the cause is usually a bad earth at the
rear light cluster.
MCheck the operation of the rear foglight(s),
including the warning light on the instrument
panel or in the switch.
Footbrake
MExamine the master cylinder, brake pipes
and servo unit for leaks, loose mountings,
corrosion or other damage.
MThe fluid reservoir must be secure and the
fluid level must be between the upper (A) and
lower (B) markings.MInspect both front brake flexible hoses for
cracks or deterioration of the rubber. Turn the
steering from lock to lock, and ensure that the
hoses do not contact the wheel, tyre, or any
part of the steering or suspension mechanism.
With the brake pedal firmly depressed, check
the hoses for bulges or leaks under pressure.
Steering and suspension
MHave your assistant turn the steering wheel
from side to side slightly, up to the point where
the steering gear just begins to transmit this
movement to the roadwheels. Check for
excessive free play between the steering
wheel and the steering gear, indicating wear or
insecurity of the steering column joints, the
column-to-steering gear coupling, or the
steering gear itself.
MHave your assistant turn the steering wheel
more vigorously in each direction, so that the
roadwheels just begin to turn. As this is done,
examine all the steering joints, linkages,
fittings and attachments. Renew any
component that shows signs of wear or
damage. On vehicles with power steering,
check the security and condition of the
steering pump, drivebelt and hoses.
MCheck that the vehicle is standing level,
and at approximately the correct ride height.
Shock absorbers
MDepress each corner of the vehicle in turn,
then release it. The vehicle should rise and
then settle in its normal position. If the vehicle
continues to rise and fall, the shock absorber
is defective. A shock absorber which has
seized will also cause the vehicle to fail.
2Checks carried out
WITH THE VEHICLE ON THE
GROUND

3261 Jaguar XJ6
REF•10MOT test checks
Exhaust system
MStart the engine. With your assistant
holding a rag over the tailpipe, check the
entire system for leaks. Repair or renew
leaking sections.
Jack up the front and rear of the vehicle,
and securely support it on axle stands.
Position the stands clear of the suspension
assemblies. Ensure that the wheels are
clear of the ground and that the steering
can be turned from lock to lock.
Steering mechanism
MHave your assistant turn the steering from
lock to lock. Check that the steering turns
smoothly, and that no part of the steering
mechanism, including a wheel or tyre, fouls
any brake hose or pipe or any part of the body
structure.
MExamine the steering rack rubber gaiters
for damage or insecurity of the retaining clips.
If power steering is fitted, check for signs of
damage or leakage of the fluid hoses, pipes or
connections. Also check for excessive
stiffness or binding of the steering, a missing
split pin or locking device, or severe corrosion
of the body structure within 30 cm of any
steering component attachment point.
Front and rear suspension and
wheel bearings
MStarting at the front right-hand side, grasp
the roadwheel at the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock
positions and shake it vigorously. Check for
free play or insecurity at the wheel bearings,
suspension balljoints, or suspension mount-
ings, pivots and attachments.
MNow grasp the wheel at the 12 o’clock and
6 o’clock positions and repeat the previous
inspection. Spin the wheel, and check for
roughness or tightness of the front wheel
bearing.
MIf excess free play is suspected at a
component pivot point, this can be confirmed
by using a large screwdriver or similar tool and
levering between the mounting and the
component attachment. This will confirm
whether the wear is in the pivot bush, its
retaining bolt, or in the mounting itself (the bolt
holes can often become elongated).
MCarry out all the above checks at the other
front wheel, and then at both rear wheels.
Springs and shock absorbers
MExamine the suspension struts (when
applicable) for serious fluid leakage, corrosion,
or damage to the casing. Also check the
security of the mounting points.
MIf coil springs are fitted, check that the
spring ends locate in their seats, and that the
spring is not corroded, cracked or broken.
MIf leaf springs are fitted, check that all
leaves are intact, that the axle is securely
attached to each spring, and that there is no
deterioration of the spring eye mountings,
bushes, and shackles.MThe same general checks apply to vehicles
fitted with other suspension types, such as
torsion bars, hydraulic displacer units, etc.
Ensure that all mountings and attachments are
secure, that there are no signs of excessive
wear, corrosion or damage, and (on hydraulic
types) that there are no fluid leaks or damaged
pipes.
MInspect the shock absorbers for signs of
serious fluid leakage. Check for wear of the
mounting bushes or attachments, or damage
to the body of the unit.
Driveshafts
(fwd vehicles only)
MRotate each front wheel in turn and inspect
the constant velocity joint gaiters for splits or
damage. Also check that each driveshaft is
straight and undamaged.
Braking system
MIf possible without dismantling, check
brake pad wear and disc condition. Ensure
that the friction lining material has not worn
excessively, (A) and that the discs are not
fractured, pitted, scored or badly worn (B).
MExamine all the rigid brake pipes
underneath the vehicle, and the flexible
hose(s) at the rear. Look for corrosion, chafing
or insecurity of the pipes, and for signs of
bulging under pressure, chafing, splits or
deterioration of the flexible hoses.
MLook for signs of fluid leaks at the brake
calipers or on the brake backplates. Repair or
renew leaking components.
MSlowly spin each wheel, while your
assistant depresses and releases the
footbrake. Ensure that each brake is operating
and does not bind when the pedal is released.
3Checks carried out
WITH THE VEHICLE RAISED
AND THE WHEELS FREE TO
TURN

3261 Jaguar XJ6
MOT test checksREF•11
MExamine the handbrake mechanism,
checking for frayed or broken cables,
excessive corrosion, or wear or insecurity of
the linkage. Check that the mechanism works
on each relevant wheel, and releases fully,
without binding.
MIt is not possible to test brake efficiency
without special equipment, but a road test can
be carried out later to check that the vehicle
pulls up in a straight line.
Fuel and exhaust systems
MInspect the fuel tank (including the filler
cap), fuel pipes, hoses and unions. All
components must be secure and free from
leaks.
MExamine the exhaust system over its entire
length, checking for any damaged, broken or
missing mountings, security of the retaining
clamps and rust or corrosion.
Wheels and tyres
MExamine the sidewalls and tread area of
each tyre in turn. Check for cuts, tears, lumps,
bulges, separation of the tread, and exposure
of the ply or cord due to wear or damage.
Check that the tyre bead is correctly seated
on the wheel rim, that the valve is sound andproperly seated, and that the wheel is not
distorted or damaged.
MCheck that the tyres are of the correct size
for the vehicle, that they are of the same size
and type on each axle, and that the pressures
are correct.
MCheck the tyre tread depth. The legal
minimum at the time of writing is 1.6 mm over
at least three-quarters of the tread width.
Abnormal tread wear may indicate incorrect
front wheel alignment.
Body corrosion
MCheck the condition of the entire vehicle
structure for signs of corrosion in load-bearing
areas. (These include chassis box sections,
side sills, cross-members, pillars, and all
suspension, steering, braking system and
seat belt mountings and anchorages.) Any
corrosion which has seriously reduced the
thickness of a load-bearing area is likely to
cause the vehicle to fail. In this case
professional repairs are likely to be needed.
MDamage or corrosion which causes sharp
or otherwise dangerous edges to be exposed
will also cause the vehicle to fail.
Petrol models
MHave the engine at normal operating
temperature, and make sure that it is in good
tune (ignition system in good order, air filter
element clean, etc).
MBefore any measurements are carried out,
raise the engine speed to around 2500 rpm,
and hold it at this speed for 20 seconds. Allowthe engine speed to return to idle, and watch
for smoke emissions from the exhaust
tailpipe. If the idle speed is obviously much
too high, or if dense blue or clearly-visible
black smoke comes from the tailpipe for more
than 5 seconds, the vehicle will fail. As a rule
of thumb, blue smoke signifies oil being burnt
(engine wear) while black smoke signifies
unburnt fuel (dirty air cleaner element, or other
carburettor or fuel system fault).
MAn exhaust gas analyser capable of
measuring carbon monoxide (CO) and
hydrocarbons (HC) is now needed. If such an
instrument cannot be hired or borrowed, a
local garage may agree to perform the check
for a small fee.
CO emissions (mixture)
MAt the time of writing, the maximum CO
level at idle is 3.5% for vehicles first used after
August 1986 and 4.5% for older vehicles.
From January 1996 a much tighter limit
(around 0.5%) applies to catalyst-equipped
vehicles first used from August 1992. If the
CO level cannot be reduced far enough to
pass the test (and the fuel and ignition
systems are otherwise in good condition) then
the carburettor is badly worn, or there is some
problem in the fuel injection system or
catalytic converter (as applicable).
HC emissionsMWith the CO emissions within limits, HC
emissions must be no more than 1200 ppm
(parts per million). If the vehicle fails this test
at idle, it can be re-tested at around 2000 rpm;
if the HC level is then 1200 ppm or less, this
counts as a pass.
MExcessive HC emissions can be caused by
oil being burnt, but they are more likely to be
due to unburnt fuel.
Diesel models
MThe only emission test applicable to Diesel
engines is the measuring of exhaust smoke
density. The test involves accelerating the
engine several times to its maximum
unloaded speed.
Note: It is of the utmost importance that the
engine timing belt is in good condition before
the test is carried out.
M
Excessive smoke can be caused by a dirty
air cleaner element. Otherwise, professional
advice may be needed to find the cause.
4Checks carried out on
YOUR VEHICLE’S EXHAUST
EMISSION SYSTEM

3261 Jaguar XJ6
REF•12Fault finding
Introduction
This Section provides an easy reference guide to the more common
problems which may occur during the operation of your vehicle. These
problems and their possible causes are grouped under headings
denoting various components or systems, such as Engine, Cooling
system, etc. They also refer you to the Chapter and/or Section which
deals with the problem.
Remember that successful troubleshooting is not a mysterious
“black art” practised only by professional mechanics. It is simply the
result of the right knowledge combined with an intelligent, systematic
approach to the problem. Always work by a process of elimination,
starting with the simplest solution and working through to the mostcomplex - and never overlook the obvious. Anyone can run the petrol
tank dry or leave the lights on overnight, so don’t assume that you are
exempt from such oversights.
Finally, always establish a clear idea of why a problem has occurred
and take steps to ensure that it doesn’t happen again. If the electrical
system fails because of a poor connection, check all other connections
in the system to make sure that they don’t fail as well. If a particular
fuse continues to blow, find out why - don’t just replace one fuse after
another. Remember, failure of a small component can often be
indicative of potential failure or incorrect functioning of a more
important component or system.
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
m mEngine backfires
m mEngine diesels (continues to run) after switching off
m mEngine hard to start when cold
m mEngine hard to start when hot
m mEngine lacks power
m mEngine lopes while idling or idles erratically
m mEngine misses at idle speed
m mEngine misses throughout driving speed range
m mEngine rattles at start-up
m mEngine rotates but will not start
m mEngine runs with oil pressure light on
m mEngine stalls
m mEngine starts but stops immediately
m mEngine stumbles on acceleration
m mEngine surges while holding accelerator steady
m mEngine will not rotate when attempting to start1
m mOil puddle under engine
m mPinking or knocking engine sounds during acceleration or uphill
m mStarter motor noisy or excessively rough in engagement
Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
m
mExcessive fuel consumption
m mFuel leakage and/or fuel odour
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
m
mCoolant loss
m mExternal coolant leakage
m mInternal coolant leakage
m mOvercooling
m mOverheating
m mPoor coolant circulation
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
m
mEngine will start in gears other than Park or Neutral
m mFluid leakage
m mShift cable problems
m mTransmission fluid brown or has a burned smell
m mTransmission slips, shifts roughly, is noisy or has no drive
m min forward or reverse gears
m mTransmission will not downshift with accelerator pedal
pressed to the floor
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
m mBrake pedal feels spongy when depressed
m mBrake pedal travels to the floor with little resistance
m mBrake roughness or chatter (pedal pulsates)
m mDragging brakes
m mExcessive brake pedal travel
m mExcessive pedal effort required to stop vehicle
m mGrabbing or uneven braking action
m mNoise (high-pitched squeal when the brakes are applied)
m mHandbrake does not hold
m mVehicle pulls to one side during braking
Suspension and steering systems . . . . . . .6
m
mAbnormal noise at the front end
m mAbnormal or excessive tyre wear
m mCupped tyres
m mErratic steering when braking
m mExcessive pitching and/or rolling around corners or
during braking
m mExcessive play or looseness in steering system
m mExcessive tyre wear on inside edge
m mExcessive tyre wear on outside edge
m mHard steering
m mPoor returnability of steering to centre
m mRattling or clicking noise in rack-and-pinion
m mShimmy, shake or vibration
m mSuspension bottoms
m mTyre tread worn in one place
m mVehicle pulls to one side
m mWander or poor steering stability
m mWheel makes a “thumping” noise
Electrical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Battery will not hold a charge
Discharge warning light fails to come on when key is turned on
Discharge warning light fails to go out

3261 Jaguar XJ6
Fault findingREF•13
1 Engine
Engine will not rotate when attempting to start
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded (Chapter 1).
m mBattery discharged or faulty (Chapter 1).
m mDamaged left rear window harness shorting against glass rail
inside door, causing battery to drain (Chapter 12).
m mAutomatic transmission not completely engaged in Park
(Chapter 7).
m mBroken, loose or disconnected wiring in the starting circuit
(Chapters 5 and 12).
m mStarter motor pinion jammed in flywheel ring gear (Chapter 5).
m mStarter solenoid faulty (Chapter 5).
m mStarter motor faulty (Chapter 5).
m mIgnition switch faulty (Chapter 12).
m mStarter pinion or flywheel teeth worn or broken (Chapter 5).
m mInternal engine problem (Chapter 2B).
m mInertia switch activated (Chapter 12).
m mStarter relay defective (Chapter 5).
Engine rotates but will not start
m
mFuel tank empty.
m mBattery discharged (engine rotates slowly) (Chapter 5).
m mBattery terminal connections loose or corroded (Chapter 1).
m mLeaking fuel injector(s), faulty fuel pump, pressure regulator, etc.
(Chapter 4).
m mFuel not reaching fuel injection system (Chapter 4).
m mIgnition components damp or damaged (Chapter 5).
m mFuel injector stuck open (Chapter 4).
m mWorn, faulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mBroken, loose or disconnected wiring in the starting circuit
(Chapter 5).
m mLoose distributor is changing ignition timing (Chapter 1).
m mBroken, loose or disconnected wires at the ignition coil or faulty
coil (Chapter 5).
m m1988 and 1989 models may have electrical connector damage
between the fuel pump relay and the fuel pump (Chapter 12).
m mCoolant temperature sensor shorting on bonnet liner (Chapter 11).
m mDefective Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor (Chapter 6).
Engine hard to start when cold
m
mBattery discharged or low (Chapter 1).
m mFuel system malfunctioning (Chapter 4).
m mInjector(s) leaking (Chapter 4).
m mDistributor rotor carbon tracked (Chapter 5).
m mWater enters the air cleaner housing near the left front wheel arch
(Chapter 4).
Engine hard to start when hot
m mAir filter clogged (Chapter 1).
m mFuel not reaching the fuel injection system (Chapter 4).
m mCorroded battery connections, especially ground (Chapter 1).
m mFuel vaporises at fuel pump inlet. Refit dual fuel pumps
(Chapter 4).
m mFuel vapours from charcoal canister enter intake during idle and
cause idling, stalling and starting problems (Chapter 6).
Starter motor noisy or excessively rough in
engagement
m mPinion or flywheel gear teeth worn or broken (Chapter 5).
m mStarter motor mounting bolts loose or missing (Chapter 5).
Engine starts but stops immediately
m
mLoose or faulty electrical connections at distributor, coil or
alternator (Chapter 5).
m mInsufficient fuel reaching the fuel injector(s) (Chapters 1 and 4).
m mDamaged fuel injection system speed sensors (Chapter 5).
m mFaulty fuel injection relays (Chapter 5).
m mLeaking threaded adapter on the EGR valve - where fitted
(Chapter 6)
Oil puddle under engine
m mSump gasket and/or sump drain bolt seal leaking (Chapter 2).
m mOil pressure sending unit leaking (Chapter 2).
m mValve cover gaskets leaking (Chapter 2).
m mEngine oil seals leaking (Chapter 2).
m mCylinder head rear plate gasket leaking (Chapter 2).
m mAlternator mounting bolt threads leaking oil (Chapter 5).
m mOil cooler or oil cooler lines leaking (Chapter 3).
Engine misses while idling or idles erratically
m
mVacuum leakage (Chapter 2).
m mAir filter clogged (Chapter 1).
m mFuel pump not delivering sufficient fuel to the fuel injection system
(Chapter 4).
m mLeaking head gasket (Chapter 2).
m mTiming belt/chain and/or sprockets worn (Chapter 2).
m mCamshaft lobes worn (Chapter 2).
m mEGR valve stuck open - where fitted (Chapter 6).
Engine misses at idle speed
m
mSpark plugs worn or not gapped properly (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty spark plug leads (Chapter 1).
m mVacuum leaks (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
m mUneven or low compression (Chapter 2).
m mRestricted EGR vacuum hose - where fitted (Chapter 6).
Engine misses throughout driving speed range
m
mFuel filter clogged and/or impurities in the fuel system (Chapter 1).
m mLow fuel output at the injectors (Chapter 4).
m mFaulty or incorrectly gapped spark plugs (Chapter 1).
m mIncorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
m mCracked distributor cap, disconnected distributor wires or
damaged distributor components (Chapter 1).
m mLeaking spark plug leads (Chapter 1).
m mFaulty emission system components (Chapter 6).
m mLow or uneven cylinder compression pressures (Chapter 2).
m mWeak or faulty ignition system (Chapter 5).
m mVacuum leak in fuel injection system, intake manifold or vacuum
hoses (Chapter 4).
m mCrankshaft sensor teeth damaged or missing (see Chapter 12).
m mDistributor installed incorrectly (see Chapter 5)
Engine stumbles on acceleration
m
mSpark plugs fouled (Chapter 1).
m mFuel injection system malfunctioning (Chapter 4).
m mFuel filter clogged (Chapters 1 and 4).
m mIncorrect ignition timing (Chapter 5).
m mIntake manifold air leak (Chapter 4).
m mCollapsed or damaged fuel tank caused by blocked EVAP system
- where fitted (see Chapter 6).

3261 Jaguar XJ6
REF•16Fault finding
6 Suspension and steering systems
5 Braking system (continued)
Brake pedal feels spongy when depressed
m mAir in hydraulic lines (Chapter 9).
m mMaster cylinder mounting bolts loose (Chapter 9).
m mMaster cylinder defective (Chapter 9).
Brake pedal travels to the floor - no resistance
m
mLittle or no fluid in the master cylinder reservoir caused by leaking
caliper piston(s), damaged or disconnected brake lines (Chapter 9).
Handbrake does not hold
m mHandbrake cable or handbrake shoes improperly adjusted
(Chapter 9).
m mHandbrake shoes need replacement (Chapter 9).
Note:Before attempting to diagnose the suspension and steering
systems, perform the following preliminary checks:
a) Tyres for wrong pressure and uneven wear.
b) Steering universal joints from the column to the steering gear for
loose connectors or wear.
c) Front and rear suspension and the rack and pinion assembly for
loose or damaged parts.
d) Out-of-round or out-of-balance tyres, bent rims and loose and/or
rough wheel bearings.
Vehicle pulls to one side
m mMismatched or uneven tyres (Chapter 10).
m mBroken or sagging springs (Chapter 10).
m mWheel alignment out of specifications (Chapter 10).
m mFront brakes dragging (Chapter 9).
Abnormal or excessive tyre wear
m
mWheel alignment out of specifications (Chapter 10).
m mSagging or broken springs (Chapter 10).
m mTyre out-of-balance (Chapter 10).
m mWorn shock absorber (Chapter 10).
m mOverloaded vehicle.
m mTyres not rotated regularly.
Wheel makes a “thumping” noise
m
mBlister or bump on tyre (Chapter 10).
m mImproper shock absorber action (Chapter 10).
Shimmy, shake or vibration
m
mTyre or wheel out-of-balance or out-of-round (Chapter 10).
m mLoose, worn or out-of-adjustment wheel bearings (Chapter 1).
m mWorn tie-rod ends (Chapter 10).
m mWorn balljoints (Chapter 10).
m mExcessive wheel runout (Chapter 10).
m mBlister or bump on tyre (Chapter 10).
Hard steering
m
mLack of lubrication at balljoints, tie-rod ends and rack-and-pinion
assembly (Chapter 1).
m mFront wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
m mLow tyre pressure(s) (Chapter 1).
Poor returnability of steering to centre
m
mLack of lubrication at balljoints and tie-rod ends (Chapter 1).
m mBinding in balljoints (Chapter 10).
m mBinding in steering column (Chapter 10).
m mLack of lubricant in rack-and-pinion assembly (Chapter 10).
m mFront wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
Abnormal noise at the front end
m
mLack of lubrication at balljoints and tie-rod ends (Chapter 1).
m mDamaged shock absorber mounting (Chapter 10).m mWorn control arm bushings or tie-rod ends (Chapter 10).
m mLoose stabiliser bar (Chapter 10).
m mLoose wheel nuts (Chapter).
m mLoose suspension bolts (Chapter 10).
Wander or poor steering stability
m
mMismatched or uneven tyres (Chapter 10).
m mLack of lubrication at balljoints and tie-rod ends (Chapter 1).
m mWorn shock absorbers (Chapter 10).
m mLoose stabiliser bar (Chapter 10).
m mBroken or sagging springs (Chapter 10).
m mFront or rear wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
Erratic steering when braking
m
mWheel bearings worn (Chapter 1).
m mBroken or sagging springs (Chapter 10).
m mLeaking wheel cylinder or caliper (Chapter 9).
m mWarped discs (Chapter 9).
Excessive pitching and/or rolling around corners
or during braking
m mLoose stabiliser bar (Chapter 10).
m mWorn shock absorbers or mounts (Chapter 10).
m mBroken or sagging springs (Chapter 10).
m mOverloaded vehicle.
Suspension bottoms
m
mOverloaded vehicle.
m mWorn shock absorbers (Chapter 10).
m mIncorrect, broken or sagging springs (Chapter 10).
m mDefective power hydraulic system or leaking rear shock absorbers
(Chapter 10).
Cupped tyres (wear on both edges)
m mFront wheel or rear wheel alignment (Chapter 10).
m mWorn shock absorbers (Chapter 10).
m mWheel bearings worn (Chapter 10).
m mExcessive tyre or wheel runout (Chapter 10).
m mWorn balljoints (Chapter 10).
Excessive tyre wear on outside edge
m
mInflation pressures incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mExcessive speed in turns.
m mFront end alignment incorrect (excessive toe-in). Have
professionally aligned.
m mSuspension arm bent or twisted (Chapter 10).
Excessive tyre wear on inside edge
m
mInflation pressures incorrect (Chapter 1).
m mFront end alignment incorrect (toe-out). Have professionally
aligned.
m mLoose or damaged steering components (Chapter 10).

3261 Jaguar XJ6
Fault findingREF•17
6 Suspension and steering systems (continued)
Tyre tread worn in one place
m mTyres out-of-balance.
m mDamaged or buckled wheel. Inspect and replace if necessary.
m mDefective tyre (Chapter 1).
Excessive play or looseness in steering system
m
mWheel bearing(s) worn (Chapter 10.m mTie-rod end loose or worn (Chapter 10).
m mSteering gear loose or worn (Chapter 10).
Rattling or clicking noise in rack-and-pinion
m
mInsufficient or improper power steering fluid in steering system
(Chapter 10).
m mSteering gear mounts loose (Chapter 10).
7 Electrical system
Battery will not hold a charge
m
mAlternator drivebelt defective or not adjusted properly (Chapter 1).
m mElectrolyte level low (Chapter 1).
m mBattery terminals loose or corroded (Chapter 1).
m mAlternator not charging properly (Chapter 5).
m mLoose, broken or faulty wiring in the charging circuit (Chapter 5).
m mShort in vehicle wiring (Chapters 5 and 12).
m mInternally defective battery (Chapters 1 and 5).
m mDamaged left rear window harness shorting against glass rail
inside door, causing battery to drain (Chapter 12).
Charge warning light fails to go out
m mFaulty alternator or charging circuit (Chapter 5).
m mAlternator drivebelt defective or out of adjustment (Chapter 1).
m mAlternator voltage regulator inoperative (Chapter 5).
Charge warning light fails to come on
when key is turned on
m mWarning light bulb defective (Chapter 12).
m mFault in the printed circuit, dash wiring or bulb holder (Chapter 12).

3261 Jaguar XJ6
REF•18Glossary of technical terms
A
ABS (Anti-lock brake system)A system,
usually electronically controlled, that senses
incipient wheel lockup during braking and
relieves hydraulic pressure at wheels that are
about to skid.
Air bag An inflatable bag hidden in the
steering wheel (driver’s side) or the dash or
glovebox (passenger side). In a head-on
collision, the bags inflate, preventing the
driver and front passenger from being thrown
forward into the steering wheel or windscreen.
Air cleanerA metal or plastic housing,
containing a filter element, which removes
dust and dirt from the air being drawn into the
engine.
Air filter elementThe actual filter in an air
cleaner system, usually manufactured from
pleated paper and requiring renewal at regular
intervals.
Allen keyA hexagonal wrench which fits into
a recessed hexagonal hole.
Alligator clipA long-nosed spring-loaded
metal clip with meshing teeth. Used to make
temporary electrical connections.
AlternatorA component in the electrical
system which converts mechanical energy
from a drivebelt into electrical energy to
charge the battery and to operate the starting
system, ignition system and electrical
accessories.
Ampere (amp)A unit of measurement for the
flow of electric current. One amp is the
amount of current produced by one volt
acting through a resistance of one ohm.
Anaerobic sealerA substance used to
prevent bolts and screws from loosening.
Anaerobic means that it does not require
oxygen for activation. The Loctite brand is
widely used.
AntifreezeA substance (usually ethylene
glycol) mixed with water, and added to a
vehicle’s cooling system, to prevent freezing
of the coolant in winter. Antifreeze also
contains chemicals to inhibit corrosion and
the formation of rust and other deposits that
would tend to clog the radiator and coolant
passages and reduce cooling efficiency.
Anti-seize compoundA coating that
reduces the risk of seizing on fasteners that
are subjected to high temperatures, such as
exhaust manifold bolts and nuts.
AsbestosA natural fibrous mineral with great
heat resistance, commonly used in the
composition of brake friction materials.Asbestos is a health hazard and the dust
created by brake systems should never be
inhaled or ingested.
AxleA shaft on which a wheel revolves, or
which revolves with a wheel. Also, a solid
beam that connects the two wheels at one
end of the vehicle. An axle which also
transmits power to the wheels is known as a
live axle.
AxleshaftA single rotating shaft, on either
side of the differential, which delivers power
from the final drive assembly to the drive
wheels. Also called a driveshaft or a halfshaft.
BBall bearingAn anti-friction bearing
consisting of a hardened inner and outer race
with hardened steel balls between two races.
BearingThe curved surface on a shaft or in a
bore, or the part assembled into either, that
permits relative motion between them with
minimum wear and friction.
Big-end bearingThe bearing in the end of
the connecting rod that’s attached to the
crankshaft.
Bleed nippleA valve on a brake wheel
cylinder, caliper or other hydraulic component
that is opened to purge the hydraulic system
of air. Also called a bleed screw.
Brake bleedingProcedure for removing air
from lines of a hydraulic brake system.
Brake discThe component of a disc brake
that rotates with the wheels.Brake drumThe component of a drum brake
that rotates with the wheels.
Brake liningsThe friction material which
contacts the brake disc or drum to retard the
vehicle’s speed. The linings are bonded or
riveted to the brake pads or shoes.
Brake padsThe replaceable friction pads
that pinch the brake disc when the brakes are
applied. Brake pads consist of a friction
material bonded or riveted to a rigid backing
plate.
Brake shoeThe crescent-shaped carrier to
which the brake linings are mounted and
which forces the lining against the rotating
drum during braking.
Braking systemsFor more information on
braking systems, consult the Haynes
Automotive Brake Manual.
Breaker barA long socket wrench handle
providing greater leverage.
BulkheadThe insulated partition between
the engine and the passenger compartment.
CCaliperThe non-rotating part of a disc-brake
assembly that straddles the disc and carries
the brake pads. The caliper also contains the
hydraulic components that cause the pads to
pinch the disc when the brakes are applied. A
caliper is also a measuring tool that can be set
to measure inside or outside dimensions of an
object.
CamshaftA rotating shaft on which a series
of cam lobes operate the valve mechanisms.
The camshaft may be driven by gears, by
sprockets and chain or by sprockets and a
belt.
CanisterA container in an evaporative
emission control system; contains activated
charcoal granules to trap vapours from the
fuel system.
CarburettorA device which mixes fuel with
air in the proper proportions to provide a
desired power output from a spark ignition
internal combustion engine.
CastellatedResembling the parapets along
the top of a castle wall. For example, a
castellated balljoint stud nut.
CastorIn wheel alignment, the backward or
forward tilt of the steering axis. Castor is
positive when the steering axis is inclined
rearward at the top.
Canister
Brake bleeding
Bearing
Air filter