1997 BMW 328i seat electric

General
Data
and



010
FundamentalsfortheDo-lt-YourselfOwner

Maintenance



020
Maintenance
Program

Engine

Transmission

Suspension,

Steering
and

Brakes

4
Body

100
Engine-General

110



Engine
Removal
and
Installation
113



Cylinder
Head
Removal
and
Installation
116



Cylinder
Head
and
Valvetrain
117



Camshaft
Timing
Chain

119



Lubrication
System

200
Transmission-General
210
Clutch
230
Manual
Transmission

510



Exterior
Trim,
Bumpers



520



Seats

Bo
y
Equipment



512
DoorWTdws



540



nr
t

513



InteriorTrim



541



Convertible
Top

515



Central
Locking
and
Anti-Theft

600



Electrical
System-General



620



Instruments

Electrical
S



stem
610
Electrical
Component
Locations



630
Exterior
Lighting

611



Wipers
and
Washers



640



Heating
and
Air
Conditioning

6



612



Switches
and
Electrical
Accessories



650



Radio

Equipment
and



720
SeatBelts

Accessories



721
Airbag
System
(SRS)

Electrical
Wiring

Diagrams

Foreword
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v

Warnings
and
Cautions
.....
.
...
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.vii

Index
..............
.
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...
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.......
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......
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
........
.
.
.
..
back
of
book

300



Suspension,
Steering
and



330



RearSuspension

Brakes-General



331



Final
Drive

310



Front
Suspension



340



Brakes

320



Steering
and
Wheel
Alignment

400
Body-General



411
Doors

410



Fenders,
Engine
Hood



412



Trunk
Lid

120



Ignition
System
121



Battery,Starter,
Alternator
130



Fue¡
Injection
160



Fuel
Tank
and
Fuel
Pump
170



Radiator
and
Cooling
System180



Exhaust
System

240



Automatic
Transmission
250



Gearshift
Linkage

260
Driveshaft

020-
4



MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM

L



~



~
c
.c
a



a>
mL



~



~L



L
w



a



£
'S



d
E

Maintenance
ítem



z



3



c

Engine
compartment
maintenance

Change
oil
and
oil
filter

Check
fluid
levels
(coolant,steering,
brake/clutch,
ATF)

Under
car
maintenance

Check
steeringrack
and
steeringlinkages
for
leaks
andexcess
play
.
Repair
Group
320

Inspect
brake
system
.
Check
brake
calipers,
rotors,
and
brake
pad
thíckness
.
Inspect
for
dam-
aged
hoses
and
lines,
leaks
or
damage
.
Check
hand
brake,adjust
cable
if
necessary
.
Repair
Group
340

Check
and
adjust
tire
pressures,
including
spare

Body
and
interior
maintenance

Check
operation
of
exterior
and
interior
lights,
including
glove
box
light,
engine
compartment
light,
trunk
light,
instrument
panel
lights,
horns,
headlight
flasher
anddimmer
switch
.
Check
headlight
and
driving
light
aiming
.
6
Electrical
System

Check
function/condition
of
seat
belts
.
Repair
Group
720

Check
windshield
washer
fluid
level
and
concentration,
add
as
necessary
.
Check
operation
of
washer
system
.
Check
condition
of
wiper
blades
.
Repair
Group
611

Road
Test

Check
braking
performance,
steering,
heating
and
ventilation,
manual
or
automatic
transmis-
sion,
and
mirrors

Service
Interval
Reset

Reset
service
indicator
using
specialreset
tool
.

MAINTENANCE
TABLES

Table
a
.
Oil
Service

6
.
Remove
fuel
rail
mounting
bolts
.
See
Fig
.
17
.

0012504

Fig
.
17
.
Location
of
fuel
rail
mounting
bolts
(A)
and
fuel
inlet
and
return
lines
(B)
on
M44
engine
.
Upper
manifold
has
been
removed
.

7
.
Pull
upon
fuel
rail
and
remove
injector
rail
with
injec-tors
.
Remove
individualinjectors
by
removing
injector

retaining
clip
and
pullinginjector
from
rail
.
See
Fig
.
18
.

Fig
.
18
.
Pry
retaining
clip
from
injector
(1),
then
pull
injector
from
rail
(2)
.

8
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

Tightening
Torque

"
Fuel
rail
to
cylinder
head
..
.
..
..
...
10
Nm
(89
in-lb)

FUEL
INJECTION



130-
1
3

Fuel
Pressure
Regulator

The
fuel
pressure
regulator
location
on
E36
models
is

mounted
in
one
of
two
locations
:

Fuel
Pressure
Regulator
Location

"
4-cylinder
engines

1992-
January
1997
............
...
..
on
fuel
rail

January
1997-
on
...............
..
...
under
car

"
6-cylinderengines

1992-1995
.
.
...
...
.
...........
...
..
on
fuel
rail

1996-on
..
.
..
................
...
...
undercar

Fuel
pressure
regulator,
replacing

(fuel
rail
mount)

WARNING
-

Fuel
will
be
discharged
.
Do
not
disconnect
any
wires
that
could
cause
electrícal
sparks
.
Do
not
smoke
or
work
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
.
Keepan
approved
fire
extinguisher
handy
.

9
.
On
6-cylinder
engines,
remove
top
engine
covers
.
Re-
move
fuel
rail
mounting
bolts
and
lift
up
fuel
rail
.

1
.
Disconnect
vacuum
hose
from
fuel
pressure
regulator
.

See
Fig
.
19
.

"
Fit
new
O-rings
when
installing
injectors
.
For
ease
of

installation,
lightly
lubricate
O-rings
with
SAE
90
or



0012732

equivalent
lubricant
.



Fig
.
19
.
Fuel
pressure
regulator
(arrow)
on
M42
engine
.
Vacuum
hose

"
Check
that
injector
electrical
connections
are
correctly



shown
at
A
.

fitted
and
that
injectors
are
fully
seated
prior
to
install-

ing
fuel
rail
mounting
bolts
.



2
.
Remove
bolt
from
regulator
clamp
.
Remove
clamp
.
Note

"
Replace
wire
ties
.



installed
direction
of
regulator
to
fuel
rail
.

3
.
Wrap
a
shop
rag
around
regulator,
then
remove
regula-

tor
from
fuel
rail
by
pulling
straight
out
.

FUELDELIVERYTESTS

130-
1
4



FUEL
INJECTION

NOTE-

Be
sure
to
retrieve
thrust
washer
behind
fuel
pressure
regulator
on
6-cylinder
engine
.

4
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Replace
O-rings
.

Fuel
pressure
regulator,
replacing

(under
car
mount)

WARNING
-

Fuel
will
be
discharged
.
Do
not
disconnect
any
wires
that
could
cause
electrical
sparks
.
Do
not
smoke
or
work
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
.
Keep
an
approved
tire
extinguisher
handy
.

On
late
4-
and
6-cylinder
cars,
the
fuel
pressure
regulator
is

mounted
beneath
the
left
sideof
the
car,
under
a
protective

cover
.
See
Fig
.
20
.

0012726

Fig
.
20
.
Fuel
pressure
regulatorlocation
underneath
car
(arrow)
.
Vac-
uum
hose
to
regulator
is
shown
at
A
.
(Protective
cover
has
been
removed
.)

5
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Replace
O-rings
.

BOSCH
DME
Ml
.
7
COMPONENT
TESTS
AND
REPAIRS

BOSCH
DME
Ml
.7
COMPONENT

TESTS
AND
REPAIRS

CA
UTION-

Use
only
a
digital
multimeter
when
testing
compo-
nents
and
wiring
.
Use
of
an
analog
VOM
may
damage
the
engine
control
module
.

4-cylinder
cars
with
M42
engines(1992
to
1995)use
the

Bosch
DME
M1
.7
fuel
injection
system
.

Electrical
tests
of
the
main
and
fuel
pump
relays
and
the

DME
engine
control
module
(ECM)
are
covered
earlier
in
this

section
.
Fuel
pump
tests
arecovered
in
160
Fuel
Tank
and

Fuel
Pump
.

Air
flow
sensor,
testing
and
replacing

DME
M1
.7
fuel
injection
uses
a
volume
air
flow
type
sensor

with
integrated
intake
air
temperature
(IAT)
sensor
.
The
sen-

sor
provides
a
varyingvoltage
signal
to
the
ECM
based
on
the

position
of
the
air
vane
.
As
the
vane
doorswings
open
thepo-
tentiometer
increases
the
voltage
signal
to
the
ECM
.
The
IATsensor
adapts
theoutput
signal
to
the
ECM
based
on
intake

air
temperature
.

1
.
Check
ECM
reference
voltage
to
sensor
:

"
Peel
back
rubber
boot
from
air
flow
sensor
harness

connector
.

"
Turn
ignition
keyon
.
"
Check
for
5
volts
between
terminal
1
of
harness
con-
nector
and
ground
.
See
Fig
.
21
.

"
Turn
ignition
key
off
.

"
If
voltage
is
not
present
or
incorrect,
check
wring
from

ECM
and
check
air
flow
sensor
reference
voltage
out-

put
at
ECM
.
See
Table
h
.
1
.
Working
under
car
below
driver's
seat,
remove
protec-
tive
cover
from
below
fuel
pressure
regulator
.

"
Remove
intake
air
bootfrom
sensor
.
2
.
Remove
vacuum
hosefrom
fuel
pressure
regulator
.



"
Connect
a
digital
multimeter
(ohms)
across
terminais
1

and
2
.
Swing
air
flow
sensor
vane
through
its
travel
3
.
Remove
locking
clip
retaining
fuel
pressure
regulator
.



range
.
Resistance
should
change
steadily
without
in-

terruption
.
4
.
Wrap
a
shop
rag
around
regulator,
then
remove
regula-



"
If
any
faults
are
found,
the
air
flow
sensor
is
faulty
and
tor
from
213
way
valve
by
pullingstraight
out
.



should
be
replaced
.

2
.
Check
air
flow
sensor
potentiometer
:

3
.
Check
IAT
sensor
resistance
:

"
With
harness
connector
disconnected
at
air
flow
sen-
sor,
check
resistance
across
sensor
terminais
4
and
5

of
air
flow
sensor
.
Compare
tests
results
to
values
in
Table
d
given
later
.
If
any
faults
are
found,
the
air
flow
sensor
should
be
replaced
.

130-
2
2



FUEL
INJECTION

Mass
air
flow
sensor,
replacing

1
.
Disconnect
harness
connector
and
intake
air
bootfrom

air
flow
sensor
.
See
Fig
.
32
.

Fig
.
32
.
To
detach
air
flow
sensor,
disconnect
harness
connector
(A)
;



3
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
unclip
retainíng
clips
to
aír
filter
housing
(B)
;
andremove
large
hose
clamp
at
air
intake
bellows
(C)
.
M44
engine
with
traction



"
Use
a
new
copper
sealing
washer
when
installing
sen-

control
shown
.



sor
.
"
Replace
any
lost
coolant
.

2
.
Detachtwo
large
clipsat
air
filter
housing
and
work
air

flow
sensor
out
of
rubber
seal
in
filter
housing
.
Tightening
Torque

3
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.



"
Engine
coolant
temperature

"
For
ease
of
installation,
lubricate
large
rubber
seal
in



to
cylinder
head
.............
.
..
.
13
Nm
(10
ft-Ib)

air
filter
housing
with
silicone
lubricant
or
equivalent
.
"
No
adjustment
to
air
flow
sensor
is
possible
.
"
Carefully
check
that
all
hoses
and
seals
are
seated



Intake
air
temperature
(IAT)
sensor,

properly
.



replacing

Engine
coolant
temperature
(ECT)
sensor,

replacing

The
engine
coolant
temperature
(ECT)sensor
is
a
dual
temperature
sensor
.
One
circuít
provides
coolant
temperature

information
to
the
ECM
while
the
other
circuít
provides
coolant
temperature
information
to
the
instrument
cluster
.

WARNING
-

Do
not
replace
the
ECT
sensor
unless
the
engine
is
cold
.
Hot
coolant
can
scald
.

1
.
Disconnect
harness
connector
from
ECT
sensor
.
See
Fig
.
33
.

2
.
Unscrew
temperature
sensorfrom
cylinder
head
and
remove

BOSCH
DME
M5
.2
COMPONENT
REPLACEMENT

U1111
bis4a

Fig
.
33
.
M44
engine
coolant
temperature
(ECT)
sensor
located
above

oil
filter
(arrow)
.

The
intake
air
temperature
(IAT)
sensoron
cars
with
M44

engine
is
mounted
in
thetop
section
of
the
intake
air
filter

housing
.
See
Fig
.
34
.

1
.
Remove
electrical
harness
connector
from
IAT
sensor
.

2
.
Unclip
temperature
sensor
and
remove
from
air
filter

housing
.

3
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

Throttle
position
sensor
(TPS),
replacing

The
throttle
position
sensor
is
located
on
the
side
of
the
throttle
housing
.
See
Fig
.
35
.

1
.
Unplug
harness
connector
from
sensor
.

2
.
Remove
fuel
tank
filler
cap
.

3
.
Remove
rearseat
cushion
and
pull
back
insulation
mats
to
expose
fuel
tank
access
covers
.
See
Fig
.
2
.

uui3140

Fig
.
2
.



Right
side
fuel
tank
access
cover
under
rear
seat
cushion
.

4
.
Remove
right
and
left
access
covers
to
expose
fuel
hoses
and
electrical
connections
at
tank
.

5
.
Label
fuel
hoses
.
Then
disconnect
hoses
and
harness
connectors
from
fuel
sending
units
and
fuel
pump
.
See
Fig
.
3
.

FUELTANK
AND
FUEL
PUMP



160-
3

NOTE-

"
If
necessary,
push
fuel
level
sender
arm
toward
fuel
pump
assembly
to
facilitate
removal
.

"
BMW
special
tool
no
.
16
1
020
should
beused
tore-
move
and
install
the
threaded
collar
.
Damage
to
thecollar
may
result
if
the
special
tool
is
not
used
.

"
Pump
out
contents
of
each
tanklobe
using
approved
pumpinglextraction
equipment
and
flexible
fuel-grade
hose
.

WARNING
-

Fuel
may
be
spilled
.
Do
not
smoke
or
work
near
heaters
or
other
fire
hazards
.

7
.
Installation
of
sending
units
is
reverse
of
removal,
not-
ing
the
following
:

"
Use
new
sealing
rings
when
installing
pump/sending
unit
assemblies
.
"
Be
sure
that
fuel
line
connections
point
in
same
direc-tion
as
they
carne
out
.
"
Fill
tank
and
check
for
leaks
by
running
engine
.

CA
UTION-

Before
starting
the
engine,
fill
the
fuel
tank
with
at
least
1.5
gallons
(5liters)
of
fuel
.
The
pump
will
be
damaged
if
you
run
it
without
fuel
.

Fuel
tank,
removing
and
installing

1.
Disconnect
negative
(-)cablefrom
battery
:

CAUTION-

Prior
to
disconnectiog
the
battery,
read
the
battery
disconnection
cautions
given
at
the
front
of
this
manual
onpage
viii
.

2
.
Remove
fuel
tank
filler
capand
drain
tank
as
described
earlier
.

3
.
Working
in
left
access
tank
access
hole
(under
rear

seat
cushion),
remove
vent
pipe
fromtank
.

4
.
Working
inside
car,
disconnectparking
brake
cable
ends
from
parking
brake
lever
.
See
340
Brakes
.

5
.
Working
underneath
car,
gently
pry
fuel
lines
away
from
retaining
bracket
in
front
of
tank
.
Remove
clamps
and
disconnect
fuel
hoses
as
shown
in
Fig
.
4
.

6
.
Remove
exhaust
system
and
heat
shield
as
described

ooisiai



in
180
Exhaust
System
.
See
Fig
.
5
.

Fig
.
3
.



Fuel
pump/fuel
level
sender
assembly
in
top
offuel
tank
(right
side
shown)
.
Disconnect
supply
hose
(A),
return
hose
(B)
and



7
.
Remove
driveshaft
.
See
260
Driveshaft
.
harness
connector
(C)
.

8
.
Pull
parking
brake
cables
backward
away
from
bottom
of

6
.
Unscrew
threaded
collars
from
fuel
tank
.
Slowly
with-



fuel
tank,
disengaging
them
from
brackets
as
needed
.

draw
fuel
sender
assemblies
from
tank,allowing
fuel
to
drain
off
.

FUEL
TANKAND
LINES

Fig
.
9
.



Fuel
pump
relay
terminal
identification
.

Fuel
Pump
Electrical
Tests

Troubleshooting
of
any
fuel
pump
fault
should
begin
with

checking
the
fuel
pump
fuse
and
the
fuel
pump
relay
.
The
DME
main
relay
should
also
be
checked
.

NOTE-

Special
tools
are
requíred
for
some
of
the
tests
de-
scribed
here
.

Fuel
pump
electrical
circuit,
testing

The
fuel
pump
electrical
circuit
diagram
is
shown
in
Fig
.
10
.

3
.
If
fuel
pump
does
not
run,
disconnect
black
harness

connector
from
tank
sender
unit
.
With
jumper
wire
con-

nectedas
described
in
step
2
above,
check
for
positive

(+)
batteryvoltage
at
harness
connector
terminals
.
See
Fig
.
11
.

FUEL
TANK
AND
FUEL
PUMP



160-
7

From
Main
Relay
(+15
power
with
key
in
run



From
B+juretion
point
orstartposition)
(batteryvoRageatalltirnes)

'
.5
RD/Nrr



1
.5
RD

1
.5
GNNI

From
Engine



2
.5
GNNI
Control
Module



15
2
.5
GNNI

Ground
(below
center
console)

Fig
.
10
.
Fuel
pump
electrical
circuit
.

30

-~
Relay
Fuel
Pump

8~T

I



1

s
ám
61
Front
Power
I



a
1
Distribution
Box
I_
16

WIRING
COLOR
CODE

BK
-
BLACK
BR
-
BROWN
Fuel
Pump



RD



-



RED
(in-tank)
M
YL
YELLOWGN
-
GREENBU
-
BLUE
1
VI
-
VIOLET
GY
-
GREY
WT
-
WHITE
PK
-
PINK

0011946

4
.
If
voltage
and
groundare
present,
fuel
pump
is
proba-
bly
faulty
.
If
there
is
no
voltage,
check
wiring
From
fuel
pump
Reay
and
make
sure
Reay
is
functioning
correctly
.

CAUTION-

Fuseandrelaylocationsmayvary
.
Usecara
when



Fuel
pump
power
consumption,
testing

troubleshooting
the
electrical
system
at
the
fuselrelay
panel
.
To
resolve
problems
in
identify-



NOTE-
ing
a
relay,
see
en
authorízed
BMW
dealer
.



"
To
achieveaccurate
testresults,
fhe
battery
voltage
at
the
connector
should
be
approximately
13
volts
.
1.
Remove
rearseat
cushion,
pull
right
side
insulation
mat



Charge
the
battery
asnecessary
.

back
to
expose
fuel
tank
accesscover
.
Remove
cover



.
q
higher
than
normal
power
consumption
usually
fin-
to
expose
wiring
connections
.



dicates
a
worn
fuel
pump,
which
may
cause
intermit-
tentfuel
starvation
due
lo
pump
overheating
and
2
.
Remove
fuel
pump
relay
and
opérate
fuel
pump
as
de-



seizure
.
The
only
remedy
is
pump
replacement
.
Be
scribed
under
Operating
fuel
pump
for
tests
earlier
.



sure
to
check
that
thereturn
fine
and
the
pump
pickup
Pump
should
run
.
Disconnect
jumper
wire
when
fin-



are
not
obstructed
before
replacing
the
pump
.

ished
.
1
.
Remove
rear
seat
cushion,
pull
right
side
insulation
mal
back
to
expose
fuel
tank
accesscover
.
Remove
cover
to
expose
wiring
connections
.

2
.
Disconnect
(black)
harness
connector
from
fuel
pump
.

3
.
Connect
an
ammeter
and
an
insulated
jumper
wire
be-

tween
terminals
in
connector
and
corresponding
pump

terminals
.
See
Fig
.
12
.

FUEL
PUMP

400-
4
BODY-GENERAL

INTERIOR
EQUIPMENT

E36
interiors
have
a
unique
character,
with
a
combínation
of
sporty
features
and
innovative
design
.
Al¡
body
versions
were
made
in
a
wide
choice
of
interior
and
exterior
colors
.
New

colors
with
matching
leather
and/or
fabric
upholstery
were
in-
troduced
for
each
model
year,
including
light-alloy
wheels
in
new
designs
.

Driving
comfort
is
enhanced
by
power
steering,
tilt
steering
wheel
(optional),
height-adjustable
front
seats,
and
electrical-
ly
adjustable
and
heated
rear-view
mirrors
.
Inside
thecar
there
are
reading
lights
at
four
seating
positions
.

Seats
and
Seat
Belts



NOTE-

Theseat
base
usedon
cars
with
pyrotechnic
seatbelt

Anatom¡cal
ly-correct
seats
are
constructed
from
polyure-



tensioners
is
not
interchangeable
with
the
earlier
seat

thane
foam
containing
areas
or
"zones"
of
different
firmness
.



base
.

The
seat
bases
have
steel
springs
for
added
support
and
strength
.
The
power
seats
are
provided
with
conveniently
lo-



Instruments
and
Controls
cated
switches
along
the
outside
edge
of
the
seat
.
Heated
seats
are
an
option
in
all
models
.
See
520
Seats
for
more
de-



Everything
in
the
interior
passenger
compartment
essential
tails
.



to
the
driver
is
logically
grouped
and
easy
to
reach
.
Al¡
instru-
ments
and
controls
havebeen
arranged
ergonomically
and
The
M3
sport
seat
is
shown
in
Fig
.
3
.



are
fully
integrated
into
the
overall
design
of
the
vehicle
.

Fig
.
3
.



M3
sport
seat
.

INTERIOR
EQUIPMENT

0013195

The
early
E36
cars
areequipped
with
a
single
(driver
side)
airbag
in
the
steering
wheel
.
Startingwith
the
1994
models,
a
dual
airbag
Supplemental
Restraint
System
has
been
stan-
dard
equipment
.
Side-impact
airbags
in
the
front
doors
are
op-
tional
in
1997
4-door
cars
and
standard
equipment
in
all
1998
models
.

Through
1996,
E36
seatbelts
were
equipped
with
BMW's
original-designspring
tensioners
.
In
1997,
the
seat
base
de-
sign
was
modified
to
accommodate
a
pyrotechnic
(explosive
charge)
seatbelt
tensioner
.
Both
types
of
tensioners
arede-
signed
to
automatically
tension
the
belts
by
about2
inches(55
mm)
in
the
event
of
a
collision
.

The
padded
dashboard
houses
the
instrument
cluster
and
the
ventilation
and
heating
system
.
The
instrument
cluster
uses
large
easy-to-read
analog
instruments
and
is
removable
as
a
unit
without
removing
the
dashboard
.
The
Service
Inter-
val
Indicator
(SII)
will
remind
the
driver
when
thecar
requires
service
.
See
620
Instruments
.

The
Multi-Information
Display
(MID)
unit
in
thecenter
of
the
dashboard
comes
in
a
variety
of
four
configurations,
the
most
advanced
being
the
On-Board
Computer
(OBC)
.
See
Fig
.
4
.

Al¡
versions
of
the
MID
have
a
clock
and
calendar
.
In
addi-
tion,
different
versions
areequipped
with
a
"check
control,"

display
for
fuel-economy
information
and
system
warnings
.
Consult
the
owner's
manual
for
fui¡
operating
instructions
.