1996 LAND ROVER DEFENDER wheel bolt torque

FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE
3
REPAIR REV: 05/99 Refit
11.Clean stub axle and drive shaft and fit hub
assembly to axle.
12.Fit spacing washer.
13.Fit hub adjusting nut. Tighten to
50 Nm (37
lbf/ft).
Ensure hub is free to rotate with no
bearing play.
14.Back off adjusting nut 90°and tighten to
10 Nm
(7 lbf/ft).
15.Fit a new lock washer.
16.Fit locknut. Tighten to
50 Nm (37 lbf/ft).
17.Tab over lock washer to secure adjusting nut
and locknut.
18.Fit a new joint washer to driving member and fit
member to hub. Tighten bolts to
65 Nm (48
lbf/ft).
19.Fit original drive shaft shim and secure with a
circlip.
20.To check drive shaft end play, mount a dial
gauge using bracketLRT-99-503and rest pin in
a loaded condition on end of drive shaft.
21.Fit a suitable bolt to threaded end of drive shaft.
Move drive shaft in and out noting dial gauge
reading. End play should be between 0,08 to
0,25 mm.
22.If end play requires adjustment, remove circlip,
measure shim thickness and fit an appropriate
shim to give required end-play.
23.Remove bolt from drive shaft, fit circlip and dust
cap.
24.Fit brake disc shield and brake caliper. Tighten
fixings to
82 Nm (60 lbf/ft).
25.Bleed brake systemSee BRAKES, Repair,
Brake system bleed
.
26.Fit road wheel, remove axle stands and tighten
road wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)
27.Operate footbrake to locate brake pads before
driving vehicle.

FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE
1
SPECIFICATIONS, TORQUE REV: 05/99 TORQUE VALUES
NOTE: Torque wrenches should be regularly checked for accuracy to ensure that all fixings are
tightened to the correct torque.
Nm
FRONT AXLE
Hub driving member to hub 65*.......................................................................
Brake disc to hub 73.......................................................................................
Stub axle to swivel pin housing 65*.................................................................
Brake caliper to swivel pin housing 82............................................................
Upper swivel pin to swivel pin housing 78*.....................................................
Lower swivel pin to swivel pin housing 78*.....................................................
Oil seal retainer to swivel pin housing 11........................................................
Swivel bearing housing to axle case 73*.........................................................
Pinion housing to axle case 41.......................................................................
Crown wheel to differential housing 58...........................................................
Differential bearing cap to pinion housing 90..................................................
Differential drive flange to drive shaft 47.........................................................
Mudshield to bracket lower swivel pin 11........................................................
Bevel pinion nut 130........................................................................................
Draglink to hub arm 40....................................................................................
Panhard rod to axle bracket 88.......................................................................
Radius arm to axle 190....................................................................................
Radius arm to chassis side member 190.........................................................
NOTE: * These bolts to be coated with Loctite 270 prior to assembly.

STEERING
5
FAULT DIAGNOSIS REV: 05/99 Symptom :-
Steering excessively light/sensitive. Excessive
freeplay at steering wheel.
1.Are steering box adjustments correct?
NO -
See Adjustment, Power Steering Box.
WARNING: Adjustments of steering box
should not be required while in warranty
period. If box is within warranty, it must be
returned to manufacturer. No attempt must be
made to introduce backlash.
YES - Suspect worn panhard rod or radius arm
bushes. Check condition of ball joints and the
lower steering column shaft universal joints for
wear
See Repair, Lower Steering Shaft and
Universal Joints
.
Symptom :-
Steering vibration, road wheel shimmy - wobble.
Vibration through the steering linkage powerful
enough to induce high frequency oscillation of the
steering wheel, is generally caused by out of balance
road wheels. However there are a number of other
possible causes of this symptom which if severe, may
be described as shimmy or wobble. Regardless of the
terminology used by the owner/driver to describe the
symptoms, the following diagnostic checks should be
carried out in the order presented.
1.Check the tyres and balance of the road wheels
See GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Wheels and Tyres
,See
WHEELS AND TYRES, Fault diagnosis, Fault
- Symptoms See WHEELS AND TYRES,
Repair, Wheel Balancing .
2.Check the steering hydraulic damper function
See Steering Damper.
3.Check steering column universal joints for wear
and correct alignment
See Repair, Lower
Steering Shaft and Universal Joints
.4.Check steering linkage ball joints for wear,
correct alignment and security, including steering
box and tie rod
See Steering Linkage Inspect
.
5.Check all front suspension rubbers for wear.
Check all fixing torques, including radius arm
bushes, panhard rod and anti-roll bar
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair, Panhard Rod
,
See FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair, Radius
Arm
,See FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair,
Anti-Roll Bar
,See FRONT SUSPENSION,
Repair, Front Shock Absorber
.
6.Fit new radius arm bushes using NTC 6781. Fit
new nuts, bolts and washers.
7.If problem persists fit damper kit STC 288 - 90,
STC 290 - 110/130 (2 off front) and STC 289 -
90, STC 291 - 110 levelled, STC 292 - 110
unlevelled, STC 293 - 130 (2 off rear). Road test
vehicle.
8.Check the power steering box adjustments and
operation
See Overhaul, Power Steering Box.
9.Check the hub bearing end floats and determine
the condition of the hub bearings as applicable
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE, Repair,
Front Hub Assembly
.
10.Check the resistance and condition of the
swivels
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE,
Description and operation, Description
.
If problem is not diagnosed: Repeat checks
starting at 1.
11.Carry out a full steering geometry check
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Steering
.

STEERING
1
SPECIFICATIONS, TORQUE REV: 05/99 TORQUE VALUES
NOTE: Torque wrenches should be regularly checked for accuracy to ensure that all fixings are
tightened to the correct torque.
Nm
Ball joint nuts 40..............................................................................................
Clamp bolt nuts 9...........................................................................................
Steering column bracket nuts 22....................................................................
Steering wheel nut 43.....................................................................................
Tie bar to mounting nut 110.............................................................................
Universal joint pinch bolt 25............................................................................
PAS box
Adjuster locknut 60.................................................................................
Drop arm nut 176....................................................................................
Sector shaft cover to steering box 75.....................................................
Steering box to chassis 81.....................................................................
Steering box fluid pipes 14mm thread 15...............................................
Steering box fluid pipes 16mm thread 20...............................................
Tie bar 81...............................................................................................
PAS pump
High pressure fluid pipe 20.....................................................................
Power steering pump mounting 35.........................................................
Pulley bolts, power steering pump 10....................................................
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
Front mounting plate bolts 9..................................................................
PAS reservoir
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
* Torque values below are for all screws and bolts used except for those that are specified otherwise.
METRIC Nm
M5 6......................................................................................................
M6 9......................................................................................................
M8 25.....................................................................................................
M10 45...................................................................................................
M12 90...................................................................................................
M14 105..................................................................................................
M16 180..................................................................................................
UNC / UNF
1/4 9......................................................................................................
5/16 24...................................................................................................
3/8 39.....................................................................................................
7/16 78...................................................................................................
1/2 90.....................................................................................................
5/8 136....................................................................................................

60FRONT SUSPENSION
2
REPAIRREV: 05/99
6.Remove fixings, radius arm to axle.
7.Lower radius arm front end to clear axle and
remove from vehicle.
8.Using suitable length of steel tubing, press out
flexible bushes.
Refit
9.Press in replacement bushes.
CAUTION: When pressing in new bushes
press on outer edge of bush and not
rubber inner.
10.Fit radius arm to axle mounting.
11.Fit track rod at ball joint.
12.Fit radius arm to chassis. Tighten bolts to
176
Nm (130 lbf/ft).
13.Fully tighten radius arm to axle fixings to197 Nm
(145 lbf/ft).
14.Fit road wheel, remove chassis stands and jack.
Tighten wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)
FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER
Service repair no - 60.30.02.
Remove
1.Loosen road wheel retaining nuts.
2.Support chassis on stands and remove road
wheel.
3.Support axle weight with jack.
4.Remove shock absorber lower fixing and
withdraw cupwasher, rubber bush and seating
washer.
5.Remove four shock absorber bracket fixings.
6.Withdraw shock absorber and bracket assembly.
7.Withdraw lower seating washer, rubber bush and
cupwasher.
8.Remove fixings, shock absorber to mounting
bracket.
9.Withdraw mounting bracket.
10.Lift off top seating washer, rubber bush and
cupwasher.

REAR SUSPENSION
1
REPAIR REV: 05/99 REAR ROAD SPRING
Service repair no - 64.20.01.
Remove
1.Loosen rear road wheel retaining nuts.
2.Support chassis on stands and remove wheels.
3.Support rear axle weight with jack.
4.Disconnect shock absorbers at one end.
5.Position coil spring compressor correctly on road
spring.
6.Compress spring evenly to facilitate removal.
7.Lower axle to free road spring from upper seat.
CAUTION: Avoid lowering axle further than
rear brake flexible hose will allow.
8.Remove spring retainer plate.
9.Withdraw road spring.
10.Collect spring seat.
Refit
11.Position spring seat on axle location.
12.Fit road spring into chassis location and, using a
turning motion, fit to spring seat.
13.Fit spring retainer plate. Tighten bolts to
14 Nm
(10 lbf/ft).
14.Secure shock absorber. Tighten fixing to37 Nm
(27 lbf/ft).
15.Fit road wheels, remove chassis stands and
jack. Tighten wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)
REAR SHOCK ABSORBER
Service repair no - 64.30.02.
Remove
1.Loosen road wheel retaining nuts.
2.Support chassis on stands. Remove road wheel
and support rear axle weight with jack.
3.Remove fixings and withdraw shock absorber
from axle bracket.
4.Remove upper fixings.
5.Withdraw shock absorber.
6.If required, remove mounting bracket
7.If required, remove mounting rubbers.
Refit
8.Position shock absorber and fit upper fixings.
9.Secure shock absorber with lower fixings to axle
bracket. Tighten upper and lower fixings to
37
Nm (27 lbf/ft).
10.Fit road wheels, remove chassis stands and
jack. Tighten wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)

BRAKES
11
REPAIR REV: 05/99 Assemble outboard pistons
13.Coat new fluid seal with brake fluid. Ease seal
into groove in bore using only fingers, ensuring it
is properly seated. Fluid seal and groove are not
same in section, so when seal is seated it feels
raised to touch at edge furthest away from
mouth of bore.
14.Coat appropriate piston with brake fluid. Insert it
squarely into bore by hand only. Do not tilt piston
during insertion, leave approximately 8mm
projecting from bore.
15.Coat new wiper seal with brake fluid and fit to
new seal retainer. Slide assembly, seal first, over
protruding piston and into bore recess. Use
piston clamp to press home seal retainer and
piston.
Mounting inboard pistons
16.Clamp outboard pistons and carry out same
procedure for removing and fitting outboard
pistons and seals, instructions 8 to 15.
Fit calipers and pads
17.Fit caliper, tighten bolts evenly to
82 Nm (60
lbf/ft).
18.Connect brake flexible hoses to caliper. Tighten
to
15 Nm (11 lbf/ft).
19.Remove hose clamps.
20.Insert pads. Fit pins and springs, secure using
new split pin.
21.Bleed brake system
See Brake System Bleed
.
22.Press brake pedal firmly several times to locate
friction pads.
23.Fit road wheels, remove axle stands. Finally
tighten road wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)
24.Road test vehicle. Note that new friction pads
require 'bedding-in', this may take several
hundred miles before brakes are at maximum
efficiency.FRONT BRAKE DISCS
Service repair no - 70.10.10.
Remove
1.Remove hub assembly
See FRONT AXLE AND
FINAL DRIVE, Repair, Front hub assembly
.
2.Remove 5 hub to disc bolts.
3.Tap disc to separate from hub.
NOTE: On 110/130 vehicles ventilated
discs are fitted as standard.
Refit
4.Locate disc to hub.
5.Apply Loctite 270 to disc bolts and tighten to
73
Nm (54 lbf/ft).
6.Check total disc runout with a dial indicator, this
must not exceed 0,15 mm, 0.006 in. If necessary
reposition disc.
7.Fit hub assembly
See FRONT AXLE AND
FINAL DRIVE, Repair, Front hub assembly
.
Disc reclamation
8.Check disc thickness. This dimension may be
machined to minimum thickness of 12 mm (0.47
in.) - solid discs, 22 mm (0.90 in) - ventilated
discs. Machine equal amount off each face.
NOTE: The disc MUST BE renewed if the
minimum running thickness stamped on
the disc is recorded.

70BRAKES
14
REPAIRREV: 05/99 15.Coat a new wiper seal with brake fluid and fit to
new seal retainer. Slide assembly, seal first, over
protruding piston into bore recess.
16.Using special toolLRT-70-500- piston clamp,
press home seal retainer and piston.
Mounting inboard piston
17.Carry out same procedure as for removing and
fitting outboard piston and seals, instructions 8 to
16.
Fit calipers and pads to vehicle
18.Fit caliper to axle, tighten 2 bolts evenly to
82
Nm (60 lbf/ft).
19.Connect brake pipe to caliper. Tighten to15 Nm
(11 lbf/ft).
20.Remove clamp from flexible brake hose.
21.Insert pads and retaining springs, secure in
position with new retaining pins and spread ends
or fit new split pins, depending on vehicle model.
Note correct position of retaining springs on 90
models.
22.Bleed brake system
See Brake System Bleed.
23.Press brake pedal firmly several times to locate
pads.
24.Fit road wheels, remove axle stands. Finally
tighten road wheel nuts to correct torque:
Alloy wheels -
130 Nm (96 lbf/ft)
Steel wheels -100 Nm (80 lbf/ft)
Heavy duty wheels -170 Nm (125 lbf/ft)
25.Road test vehicle. Note new brake pads require
'bedding-in', for several hundred miles before
brakes are at maximum efficiency.REAR BRAKE DISC
Service repair no - 70.10.11.
Remove
1.Remove rear hub assembly
See REAR AXLE
AND FINAL DRIVE, Repair, Rear hub
assembly
.
2.Remove disc bolts.
3.Remove disc from rear hub.
Refit
4.Fit disc to rear hub.
5.Fit disc bolts. Tighten to
73 Nm (54 lbf/ft).
6.Check total disc run out, this must not exceed
0,15 mm (0.006 in). If necessary reposition disc.
7.Fit rear hub assembly
See REAR AXLE AND
FINAL DRIVE, Repair, Rear Hub Assembly
.
Disc reclamation
8.Check disc thickness. This dimension may be
machined to minimum thickness of 12 mm.
Machine equal amounts off each face.
NOTE: The brake disc MUST BE renewed if
the minimum running thickness stamped
on the disc is recorded.