1994 MAZDA MX-5 wheel torque

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING N THERMOMETER GAUGE (50"--60°C (1 22-1 40°F)) / THERMOMETER GAUGE (50"--60°C {I 22-140°F)) / Fluid pressure 1. Assemble the SST as shown in the figure. Tightening torque: 40-49 N-m i4.0-5.0 kgf-m, 2%--36 ft.lbf) 2. Mark both hose connections to ensure that the hose is reinstalled in its original position. 3. Disconnect the pressure hose from the oil pump. Attach the SST. 4. Bleed the air from the system. (Refer to page N-21.) 5. Open the gauge valve fully. Start the engine and turn the steering wheel fully left and right to raise the fluid temper- ature to 50-60°C (122-140°F). Caution Do not let the valve stay closed for more than 5 seconds. The increase in fluid temperature will damage the oil pump. 6. Close the gauge valve completely. Increase the engine speed to 1,000-1,500 rpm and measure the fluid pres- sure generated by the oil pump. If the pressure is not within specification, replace the oil pump assembly. Oil pump fluid pressure: 7,601--8,335 kPa (77.5--85.0 kgf/cm2, 1 ,I 03-1,208 psi) 7. Open the gauge valve fully and increase the engine speed to 1,000-1,500 rpm. Gartner Banana

N ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING Caution Never hold the steering wheel to the extreme left or right for more than five seconds with the engine running. This could damage the power steering d pump- 8. Turn the steering wheel fully to the left and right and measure the fluid pressure generated by the gear hous- ing. If the pressure is not within specification, replace the gear housing assembly. Gear housing fluid pressure: 7,601--8,335 kPa (77.545.0 kgflcm2, 1,103-1,208 psi) 9. Remove the gauge set. Install and tighten the pressure hose to the specified torque. Tightening torque: 3247 N.m (3.24.8 kgf.m, 24--34 ft.lbf} 10. Bleed the air from the system. (Refer to page N-21.) STEERING WHEEL AND COLUMN Obtain the code number and deactivate the audio anti- theft system before disconnecting the battery. (Refer to section T.) On-vehicle Inspection -1 Steering wheel effort 1. With the vehicle on a hard, level surface, put the wheels in the straight-ahead position. 2. Start the engine and warm the power steering fluid to 50--60°C (1 22-1 40°F). 3. With the engine running at idle, attach a pull scale to the outermost point of the steering wheel spoke. Then, starting with the wheels in the straight-ahead posi- tion, measure the effort required to turn the steering wheel to the left and to the right. Steering wheel effort: 2635 N (2.63.6 kgf, 5.3-7.9 Ibf) (during one turn of the steering wheel) 2 4. If not within specification, check the following: fluid level, air in system, fluid leakage at hose or connections, func- tion of oil pump and steering gear, and tire pressure. Gartner Banana

ENGINE SPEED SENSING POWER STEERING N STEERING GEAR AND LINKAGE Removal / Installation 1. Turn the wheels to the straight-ahead position. 2. Loosen the wheel lug nuts. 3. On level ground, jack up the front of the vehicle and support it on safety stands. 4. Remove the wheels. Note Turning the steering wheel while the steering gear is removed will make reinstallation difficult. Do not turn the steering wheel while the steering gear is removed. If the steering wheel is turned in that condi- tion, the clockspring connector may have to be adjusted. (Refer to section T.) 5. Remove in the order shown in the figure, referring to Removal Note. 6. With the wheels in the straight-ahead position, install in the reverse order of removal. 7. Tighten all necessary bolts and nuts to the specified torque. 8. After installation: (1) Check for fluid leakage. (Refer to page N-22.) (2) Bleed air from the system. (Refer to page N-21.) (3) Adjust the front wheel alignment. (Refer to section R.) 1. Cotter pin 5. Pressure pipe 2. Nut ~emovai Note ............... page N-26 3. Tie-rod endlsteering knuckle 6. Return hose Removal Note ............... page N- 7 7. Mounting bracket bolt 4. Bolt 8. Steering gear and linkage Gartner Banana

P BRAKE SYSTEM Removal / Installation 1. When disconnecting the flexible hose and brake line, remove the clip after loosening the flare nut by using the SST. > 2. When connecting the flexible hose, do not over tighten or twist it. 3. Verify that the hose does not contact other parts when the vehicle bounces or when the steering wheel is turned all the way to the left or right. 4. Modify the brake pipe tightening torque to allow for a torque wrench-SST combination. (Refer to section GI) "Torque Formulas". 5. Tighten the flare nut by using the SST. Tightening torque: 13-22 N.m (1 3-2.2 kgf-m, %&-I 6 ft-lbf} 6. Bleed the air from the brake system. BRAKE FLUID Inspection Check the fluid level in the reservoir. It should be between MAX and MIN. If the fluid level is extremely low, check the brake system for leaks. J Fluid specification: FMVSS 11 6: DOT-3 Replacement 1. Follow the procedure outlined in Air Bleeding. (Refer to page P-7.) 2. Continuity air bleeding and replacing the brake fluid until only clean fluid is seen. 3. Fill the reservoir to MAX. Gartner Banana

P BRAKE SYSTEM Installation note Disc pad 1. Push the piston inward by using the 2. Install the new pads in the mounting SST. support. 1 I 15UOPX-030 Removal I lnstallation (Caliper) 1. On level ground, jack up the front of the vehicle and support it with safety stands. 2. Remove the wheels; then remove components in the order shown in the figure. 3. Install in the reverse order of removal. 4. Tighten all nuts and bolts to the specified torques, referring to the figure. 1. Brake hose 5. Shim 2. Connecting bolt 6. Bolt 3. Caliper 7. Mounting support Disassembly / Inspection / 8. Disc plate Assembly .................. page P-28 Inspection ................... page P-27 4. Disc pad ................... Inspection page P-27 Gartner Banana

BRAKE SYSTEM ADJUSTING BRAKE PADS Installation note Manual adjustment gear 1. Turn the manual adjustment gear clockwise until the brake pads just touch the disc plate. -1 2. Return the manual adjustment gear counterclockwise 113 turn. Removal 1 lnstallation (Caliper) 1. On level ground, jack up the rear of the vehicle and support it with safety stands. 2. Remove the wheels; then remove components in the order shown in the figure, referring to Removal Note. 3. Install in the reverse order of removal, referring to lnstallation Note. 4. Inspect all parts and repair or replace as necessary. 5. Tighten all nuts and bolts to the specified torques, referring to the figure. Parking brake cable Removal I Inspection 1 Installation ................. page P-36 Connecting bolt Brake hose Plug Manual adjustment gear Removal Note ............... page P-29 Installation Note ................. above Lock bolt 7. Caliper Disassembly I Inspection 1 Assembly .................. page P-32 8. Disc pad Replacement ................ page P-29 Inspection ................... page P-31 9. Bolt 10. Mounting support 11. Disc plate Inspection ................... page P-31 Gartner Banana

WHEELS AND TIRES SHOULDER WEAR CENTER WEAR (c) (4 FEATHERED EDGE TOE-IN OR TOE- UNEVEN WEAR OUT WEAR Troubleshooting guide Abnormal tire wear patterns, such as those shown in the illustration can occur. Refer to the chart for the possible causes and actions. d' Possible cause I Action I I Underinflation (both sides worn) I Measure and adjust pressure Overinflation Measure and adjust pressure Lack of rotation Rotate tires I Incorrect camber (one side worn) Hard cornering Lack of rotation Incorrect toe-in I Adjust toe-in I Repair or replace suspension parts Reduce speed Rotate tires 1. Cracks, damage, and foreign matter (such as metal pieces, nails, and stones) in the tire and cracks, deformation, and damage to the wheel. 2. Loose wheel lug nut(s). 3. Air leaking from valve stem. Incorrect camber or caster Malfunctioning suspension Unbalanced wheel Out-of-round brake drum or disc Other mechanical conditions Lack of rotation REMOVAL / INSTALLATION When reinstalling a wheel, retighten the lug nuts to the specified torque after about 1,000 km (620 miles} driv- ing. Repair or replace suspension parts Repair or replace Balance or replace Correct or replace Correct or replace Rotate tires Caution Applying oil to the lug nuts, bolts, or wheels will cause the lug nuts to become loosened. Tighten the lug nuts to the specified torque in a criss- cross fashion. Verify that the wheel-to-hub contact surfaces are clean. Tightening torque: 88-11 8 N.m (9-1 2 kgf.m, 65--87 ft-lbf) Gartner Banana

WHEEL ALIGNMENT LEFT WHEEL INCREASE CAM BOLT RIGHT WHEEL 0) '. jr INCREASE Adjustment Maximum steering angle 1. Remove the steering gear boot clamp. 2. Loosen the tie rod locknut. 3. Turn the tie rod to provide the correct maximum steering angle. 4. After adjustment, tighten the locknut to the specified torque. Tightening torque: 3539 N-m (3.W.0 kgf-m, 26-28 ftdbf) 5. Adjust the toe-in. (Refer to page R-8.) 6. Verify that the boot is not twisted, and install the boot clamp. Caster Caster is adjusted by turning the front and/or rear adjust- ing cam bolts at the lower arm. Caution Adjust the caster before adjusting the camber. 1. Loosen the front and/or rear cam nuts. 2. Turn the front and/or rear adjusting cam bolts to provide the correct caster angle. Left wheel Right wheel Caster I Front cam I Rear cam I Front cam I Rear cam Counter- 1 Clockwise I Clockwise 1 I Increase I ( clockwise Note Turning the front cam one graduation on the scale changes the caster angle about 22' and the camber about 25'. Turning the rear cam one graduation changes the caster angle about 22' and the camber about 2'. Decrease 3. Adjust the camber and the toe-in. Clockwise Clockwise Counter- clockwise Counter- clockwise Gartner Banana