1994 BMW 318i body

Fig
.
8
.



Measuring
tie
rod
end
position
(for
reference
only)
.

3
.
Loosen
outer
tie
rod
end
lock
nut
.
See
Fig
.
9
.

Lock
nut

4
.
Unscrew
tie
rod
end
from
steering
gear
.

0012143

"
Make
sure
all
threaded
parts
are
clean
.
Replace
self-

locking
nuts
and
inner
tie
rod
lockplate
.
"
Install
outer
tie
rod
end
to
new
tie
rod
using
reference

measurement
recorded
earlier
.

Fig
.
9
.



Outer
tie
rod
end
lock
nut
(arrow)
.



"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
.

5
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
Make
sure
all
thread-

ed
parts
are
clean
.
Have
thecar
professionally
aligned
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Outer
tie
rod
end
losteering
arm
....
45
Nm
(33
ft-Ib)

"
Outer
tie
rod
end
lock
nut
..
.......
.
35
Nm
(26
ft-Ib)

Tie
rod,
replacing

1
.
Raise
car,
remove
outer
tie
rod
end
ball
jointnut,
and

press
out
outer
tie
rod
end
ball
joint
as
described

above
.

2
.
Make
a
reference
measurement
of
outer
tie
rod
end
to

tie
rod
.
See
Fig
.
8
.
Record
measurement

NOTE-
Accurate
measuring
of
the
tía
rod
end
in
reference
to
the
tie
rod
will
help
to
approximate
wheel
alignment

when
new
parts
are
installed
.

STEERING
AND
WHEEL
ALIGNMENT



320-
5

3
.
Loosen
rack
boot
bellows
clamp
and
slide
bellows

back
.
Inspect
boot
for
any
signof
damage
.
Replace
if

necessary
.

4
.
Unlock
inner
tie
rod
end
lockplate
using
pliers
.

5
.
Using
special
tool,
unscrew
inner
tie
rod
end
from

steeringrack
.
See
Fig
.
10
.

WHEEL
ALIGNMENT

Caster
and
Camber

Fig
.
10
.
Special
tool
(arrow)
installed
on
inner
tie
rod
end
.

6
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal,
noting
the
following
:

Tightening
Torques

"
Outer
tie
rod
end
to
steering
arm
..
.
.
45
Nm
(33
ft-Ib)

"
Outer
tie
rod
end
lock
nut
..........
35
Nm
(26
ft-Ib)

"
Inner
tie
rod
to
steering
gear
.......
71
Nm
(52
ft-Ib)

Proper
handling,
stability,
tire
wear,
and
driving
ease
de-

pendupon
the
correct
alignment
of
al¡
four
wheels
.
The
front

axle
is
aligned
in
relation
to
the
rear
axie,
then
the
front
wheels

are
aligned
in
relation
to
one
another
.
This
is
known
as
a
four-

wheel
or
thrust-axis
alignment
.

The
BMW
E36
uses
a
sophisticated
multi-link
suspension

at
the
front
and
rear
of
the
car
.
Proper
alignment
requires

computerized
alignment
equipment
.

Front
and
rear
caster
and
Camber
are
both
fixed
by
the
de-

sign
of
the
car
.
Any
deviations
are
usually
the
result
of
worn
or

damaged
suspension
or
body
parts
.

WHEEL
ALIGNMENT

Rear
shock
absorber,

removing
and
installing

1.
Raisecar
and
remove
rear
wheels
.

WARNING
-

Make
sure
that
thecar
is
firmly
supportedon
jack
stands
designed
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
stands
beneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
undersuspension
parts
.

2
.
Remove
rear
speakers
.
See
650
Radio
.

3
.
Pryoutluggage
compartment
liner
retaining
clips
and
peel
back
liner
to
gain
access
to
upper
shock
absorber
mounting
nuts
.
See
Fig
.
3
.

Fig
.
3
.



Rear
shock
upper
mounting
nuts
(arrows)
in
luggage
com-
partment
.
Liner
hasbeen
peeled
back
.

NOTE-

On
convertible
models,
the
uppershock
absorber
mount
is
in
the
convertible
top
compartment
behind
the
rear
seat
.

4
.
Support
trailing
arm
from
below
using
a
transmission

jack
orequivalent
.
See
Fig
.
4
.
Remove
shock
absorber

uppermounting
nuts
.

CAUTION-

The
shock
absorber
prevenís
the
drive
axle
and
trailing
arm
from
drooping
too
far,
so
always
sup-port
the
trailing
arm
before
removing
the
shock
.
Damage
to
drive
axle
CV
joints
can
result
.

0013224

5
.
While
supporting
shock
absorber,
carefully
remove

lower
mounting
bolt
.
Lower
shock
absorber
out
of

wheel
well
.

Fig
.
4
.



Support
rear
trailing
arm
from
below
before
removing
upper
or
lower
(arrow)
shock
mounting
.

6
.
Transfer
shocktopmounting
plate,
dust
coverand
relat-

ed
components
to
new
shock
absorber
.
See
Fig
.
5
.

'
Protective
cap

Upper
mounting
nut
14
Nm
(10
ft-Ib)

1120



Shock
upper
mount
,~,--~to
body
nuts
(renew)



I
-



'



~



24
Nm
(17
ft-Ib)



I
1
-Gasket
(renew)



I
1
pper
mount



I



Rear
I
shock
I
absorber
I
I
---spacer

REAR
SUSPENSION



330-
3

Rubber
bumper

Dust
shield

Fig
.
5
.



Rear
shock
absorber
assembly
.

Lower
mounting
bolt
77
Nm
I



(57
ft-Ib)

i

I

I
1
I

0013220
0013236

SHOCKABSORBERS
AND
SPRINGS

330-
4



REAR
SUSPENSION

7
.
Installation
is
reverse
ofremoval,
noting
the
following
:

"
Make
sure
all
threaded
bolts,
nuts
and
makng
surfaces

are
clean
.

"
Instan
shock
absorber
finto
shock
tower
using
a
new

uppermounting
gasket
and
new
self-locking
nuts
.

"
Tighten
lower
boltto
its
final
torque
oncecar
is
on
ground
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Road
wheel
to
hub
.........
100±10
Nm
(74±7
ft-Ib)

"
Shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm

(car
in
normalloaded
position)
......
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"
Shock
absorber
to
upper
mount
.....
14
Nm
(10
ft-Ib)

"
Shock
absorber
upper
mount
to
body
(M8
self-locking
nuts)
.............
24
Nm
(17
ft-Ib)

Coil
spring,
removing
and
installing

WARNING
-

"
The
coil
spring
is
undercompressive
force
and
ís
extremely
dangerous
until
compression
isre-
moved
.

"
lt
is
recommended
that
a
restraining
chain
be
in-
stalled
between
the
bottomof
the
coil
spring
and
the
upper
control
arm
to
retain
the
spring
in
case
of
accidental
release
.
Personal
injury
can
result
if
the
compressed
coil
spring
is
not
released
slowly
and
carefully
.

"
Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
standsdesigned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
standsbeneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.

1
.
Raise
car
and
remove
rear
wheel
.

2
.
Support
suspension
arm
from
below
using
a
transmis-

sion
jack
orequívalent
.
Tightening
Torques

3
.
Remove
drive
axle
from
final
drive
.
See
Fig
.
6
.
Suspend



"
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
flange

drive
axle
from
chassis
using
stiff
wire
.



M8
Torx
bolt
.
..
...
.
.............
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)

M10
Torx
bolt
...................
83
Nm
(62
ft-Ib)

4
.
Disconnect
shock
absorber
from
traíling
arm
.



"
Road
wheel
to
hub
.........
100±10
Nm
(74±7
ft-Ib)

"
Shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm
......
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)
5
.
Lower
suspension
slowly
and
carefully
until
the
com-
pressed
coil
spring
is
fully
unloaded
.

CAUTION
-

The
shock
absorber
prevents
the
drive
axle
and
trailíng
arm
from
drooping
too
far,
so
always
sup-port
the
trailing
arm
before
removing
the
shock
.
Damage
to
drive
axle
CV
joints
can
result
.

6
.
Remove
restraining
chain
and
remove
coi¡
spring
.

REAR
WHEEL
BEARINGS

Fig
.
6
.



Driveaxle
to
final
drive
mounting
bolts
(arrows)
.

0012103

7
.
If
spring
is
to
be
reused,
carefully
inspect
it
for
any
sur-

face
damage
or
corrosion
.
Inspect
spring
mounts
for

any
signs
of
damage
.
Replace
any
parts
showing
evi-

dence
of
wear
or
damage
.

8
.
Fit
coil
springtospring
mountsand
insta¡¡
restraíning

chaina

9
.
Slowly
lift
suspensionback
into
position,
making
sure

coil
spring
is
correctly
seated
in
upper
and
lower
coil

spring
mounts
.

10
.
When
suspension
has
been
lifted
sufficiently,
instan

shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm
.
Remove
restraining

chain
.

11
.
The
remainder
of
installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

REAR
WHEEL
BEARINGS

The
rear
wheel
bearing
is
a
unitized
assembly
and
is
not
re-

pairable
separately
.
See
Fig
.
7
.

Special
press
tools,
to
be
used
with
the
trailing
arm
at-
tached
to
the
car,
are
requiredto
replace
the
wheel
bearings
.
Read
the
procedure
through
before
beginning
thejob
.

330-
1
0



REAR
SUSPENSION

Trailing
arm,
removing
and
installing

1
.
Raise
rear
end
of
car
and
remove
wheel
.

WARNING
-

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firmly
supported
on
jack
standsdesigned
for
the
purpose
.
Place
the
jack
standsbeneatha
structural
chassis
point
.
Do
not
place
jack
stands
under
suspension
parts
.

2
.
Remove
drive
axle
as
described
earlier
.

3
.
Remove
brake
rotor
and
caliper
as
described
in
340

Brakes
.
Do
not
remove
brake
line
from
caliper
.
Hang

caliper
from
body
with
wire
.

4
.
Remove
parking
brakecable
frombrake
shoe
expand-

er
.
See
340
Brakes
.

5
.
Remove
rear
brake
line
bracket
from
trailing
arm
.
See

Fig
.
17
.

Fig
.
17
.
Brake
line
bracket
bolts
on
trailing
arm
(arrow)
.

WARNING
-

It
is
recommended
that
a
restraining
chain
be
in-
stalled
between
the
bottom
coil
of
the
coil
spring
and
the
upper
control
arm
to
retainthe
spring
in
case
of
accidentalrelease
.
Personal
injury
can
re-sult
if
the
compressed
coil
spring
is
not
released
slow1y
and
carefully
.

REAR
SUSPENSION
ARMS

6
.
Support
trailing
arm
from
below
with
a
transmission
jackorequivalent
.

7
.
Remove
shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm
bolt
.
See
Fig
.
18
.
Slowly
lower
suspension
until
coil
spring
can
be
safely
removed
.

0013220

Fig
.
18
.
Support
trailing
arm
before
removing
lower
shock
bolt
(ar-

row)
.

8
.
Unbolt
upper
and
lower
control
arms
from
trailing
arm,

as
described
later
.

9
.
Remove
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
from
rear
wheel

bearing
housing
.
Unclip
sensor
wiríng
from
trailing
arm
.

If
removing
right
trailing
arm,
separate
brake
pad
wear

sensor
connector
.
See
Fig
.
19
.

0012104

Fig
.
19
.
Brake
pad
wear
sensor
and
ABS
wheel
speed
sensor
con-
nectors
(arrow)
.

10
.
Remove
three
bolts
holding
trailing
arm
front
bracket
to
body
.
See
Fig
.
20
.
Remove
trailing
arm
.

Fig
.
20
.
Trailing
arm
front
bracket
bolts
(arrows)
.

NOTE-

BMW-supplied
replacement
trailing
arms
come
with
the
bushings
installed
.
Anew
wheel
bearing
will
have
to
be
installed
.

0013222

11
.
If
trailing
arm
is
being
replaced,
transfer
trailing
arm
front
bracket
.
Transfer
attached
brake
system
compo-
nents
to
newarm
as
described
in
340Brakes
.
Insta¡¡
a
new
wheel
bearing
as
described
earlier
under
Rear
Wheel
Bearings
.

12
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.
"
Alwaysuse
new
self-locking
nuts
.
"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
when
job
is
complete
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Drive
axle
#o
final
drive
unit
mounting
flange
M8
Torx
bolt
......
.
...
.....
.
..
..
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)
M10
Torx
bolt
.....
...
.
....
.....
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

"
Road
wheel
to
wheel
hub
.
...
100±10
Nm
(74t7
ft-Ib)

"
Shock
absorber
to
trailing
arm
......
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)
"
Trailing
arm
tofront
bracket
.......
110
Nm
(81
ft-Ib)

"
Trailing
arm
bracket
to
body
........
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"Trailing
arm
to
upper

or
lower
control
arm
(M12
bolt)
....
110
Nm
(81
ft-Ib)

REAR
SUSPENSION



330-
1
1

Trailing
arm
bushing,
replacing

NOTE-

When
replacing
any
bushing
in
the
rear
trailing
arm,
measure
and
recordthe
orientation
and
protrusion
of
the
bushing
from
its
boss
.
Press
in
new
bushing
to
match
the
positionof
theold
one
.

1
.
Remove
trailing
arm
as
described
above
.

2
.
Pressbushing
out
of
trailing
arm
using
appropriate
press
tools
.

3
.
Coat
new
bushing
with
Circolight
9
lubricant
or
equiva-
lent
.

4
.
Using
appropriate
press
tools,
draw
new
bushing
into
trailing
arm
until
previously
measured
protrusion
is
achieved
.

5
.
If
front
bracket
bushing
was
replaced,
alignfront
brack-
et
before
tightening
bolt
.
See
Fig
.
21
.

A

B=8mm
measured
upfrom
cast-
ing
mark
on
trailing
arm
.
0013237

Fig
.
21
.
When
installing
trailing
arm
front
bracketuising
8mm
bar
stock
.

6
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
when
job
is
complete
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Trailing
arm
tofront
bracket
.......
110
Nm
(81
ft-Ib)

"Trailing
arm
bracket
to
body
......
.
.
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

REAR
SUSPENSION
ARMS

Fig
.
22
.
Final
drive
carrier
mounts
(arrows)
.

11
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

uu1J221

"
Check
and
adjust
parking
brake
as
described
in
340

Brakes
.

"
Alwaysuse
new
self-locking
fasteners
.
"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
when
job
is
complete
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
flange

M8
Torx
bolt
................
...
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)

M10
Torx
bolt
..........
..
...
.
.
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

"
Driveshaft
to
final
drive
flange
...
See
260
Driveshaft

"
Final
drive
carrier
to
body
......
...
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"
Final
drive
to
final
drive
carrier
(M12
bolts)

Front
mount
.................
...
95
Nm
(70
ft-lb)

Rear
mounts
................
...
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"
Road
wheel
to
wheel
hub
....
100±10
Nm
(74t7
ft-Ib)

"
Upper
or
lower
control
arm

to
final
drive
carrier
(M12
bolts)
....
.
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

331-2



FINAL
DRIVE

Make
sure
that
the
car
is
firm1y
supportedon
Tjack

.
.-



"
:
.-



:
.
n



-

2
.
Detach
drive
axle(s)
from
final
drive
.
See330
Rear

Suspension
.

CA
UTION-

Suspend
the
detached
drive
axlefrom
the
car
body
with
a
stiff
wire
hook
to
prevent
damage
to
the
outer
CV
joint
.

Fig
.
3
.



Drive
flange
snap
ring
(arrow)
to
be
removed
from
final
drive

3
.
Pry
drive
flange
from
final
drive
.
See
Fig
.
2
.



housing
.

Fig
.
2
.



Drive
flange
being
pried
off
.
For
leverage,
use
a
wooden
dowel
as
shown
.

4
.
Remove
wire(snap)
ring
from
final
drive
opening
.
See

Fig
.
3
.

NOTE-

Inspect
flangeat
the
point
where
the
oil
seal
rides
on
the
shaft
.
Replace
the
flange
assembly
if
there
is
agrooveworn
in
the
shaft

FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE

9
.
Attach
drive
axle
and
tighten
bolts
.

10
.
Top
off
final
drive
with
ofl
.

B315

5
.
Pry
old
oil
sea¡
from
its
recess
using
a
hooked
seal
re-

moval
tool,
or
a
large
screwdriver
.
Use
pan
to
catch

draining
fluid
.

CA
UTION-

Be
careful
not
to
mar
the
final
drive
housing
when
removing
the
sea¡
.

6
.
Dip
new
seal
in
final
drive
lubricant
and
drive
seal
into

place
untilfully
seated
.

7
.
Insta¡¡
new
snap
ringin
groove
of
final
drive
housing
.

Make
sureboth
ends
ofring
are
fully
seated
in
groove
.

8
.
Insta¡¡
drive
flangeby
pressing
it
in
by
hand
until
snap
ring
engages
.
It
may
benecessary
to
turn
drive
flange

slightly
while
pushing
.

Tightening
Torque

"
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
flange

M8
Torx
bolt
..
..................
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)

M10
Torx
bolt
.
.................
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

331-
4



FINAL
DRIVE

FINAL
DRIVE
SERVICE

0013242
0013243

Fig
.
5
.



Final
drive
to
final
drive
carrier
rear
(A)
and
front
mounting
bolts
(B)
.

8
.
Installation
is
reverse
of
removal
.

"
Check
and
adjust
parking
brake
as
described
in
340
Brakes
.

"
Always
use
new
self-locking
fasteners
.

"
Have
car
professionally
aligned
when
job
is
complete
.

Tightening
Torques

"
Drive
axle
to
final
drive
flange

M8
Torx
bolt
..
.
...
...
..
.........
64
Nm
(47
ft-Ib)

M10
Torx
bolt
.
.
...
...
..
........
100
Nm
(74
ft-Ib)

"
Driveshaft
to
final
drive
flange
...
See
260
Driveshaft

"
Final
drive
carrier
to
body
..
........
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"
Final
drive
to
final
drive
carrier
(M12
bolts)

Front
mount
.....
...
.
...
........
95
Nm
(70
ft-Ib)

Rear
mounts
.....
.......
.
.
.
..
...
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib)

"
Road
wheel
to
wheel
hub
....
100±10
Nm
(74±7
ft-Ib)

"
Upper
or
lower
control
arm

to
final
drive
carrier
(M12
bolts)
...
..
77
Nm
(57
ft-Ib))