1991 LEXUS SC400 power steering fluid

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS
MANUAL
ABS Anti±Lock Brake System J/B Junction Block
A/C Air Conditioner LED Light Emitting Diode
ALR Automatic Locking Retractor LH Left±Hand
APPROX. Approximation LHD Left±Hand Drive
A/T, ATM Automatic Transmission LLC Long Life Coolant (Year Around Coolant)
ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid Max. Maximum
BTDC Before Top Dead Center Min. Minimum
BVSV Bimetal Vacuum Switching Valve MP Multipurpose
CALIF. Vehicles Sold in California N Neutral
CB Circuit Breaker OD, O/D Overdrive
DOHC Double Over Head Cam O/S Oversize
DP Dash Pot P & BV Proportioning and Bypass Valve
ECT Electronic Controlled Transmission PCV Positive Crankcase Ventilation
ECU Electronic Controlled Unit PS Power Steering
EFI Electronic Fuel Injection RH Right±Hand
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation RL Rear Left
ELR Emergency Locking Retractor RR Rear Right
EPR Evaporator Pressure Regulator RR, Rr Rear
ESA Electronic Spark Advance SRS Supplemental Restraint System
EVAP Evaporative (Emission Control) SSM Special Service Materials
EX Exhaust (manifold, valve) SST Special Service Tools
Ex. Except STD Standard
FIPG Formed in Place Gasket SW Switch
FL Front Left TDC Top Dead Center
FL Fusible Link TDCL Total Diagnostic Communication Link
FPU Fuel Pressure Up Temp. Temperature
FR Front Right TRAC Traction Control System
FR, Fr Front TWC Three±Way Catalyst
HAC High Altitude Compensation VSV Vacuum Switching Valve
IG Ignition VTV Vacuum Transmitting Valve
IN Intake (manifold, valve) w/ With
INT Intermittent w/o Without
ISC Idle Speed Control
IN±34±
INTRODUCTION Abbreviations Used in This Manual
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PREPARATION
SST (SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS)
IllustrationPart No.Part NameNote
09213±31021
Crankshaft Pulley
Puller
For removing steering wheel
RECOMMENDED TOOLS
IllustrationPart No.Part NameNote
09082±00015TOYOTA
Electrical Tester
09041±0030Torx Driver
T30
For removing and installing steering wheel pad and
power window motor
09042±00010Torx Socket
T30For removing and installing steering wheel pad and
power window motor
EQUIPMENT
Part NameNote
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Ohmmeter
Test lead
ThermometerWater temperature sender gauge, Engine oil level, Warning switch, Seat heater
SyphonBrake fluid level warning switch
Oil bathEngine oil level warning switch
Bulb (1.4 W)Coolant level warning ECU
Bulb (3.4 W)Fuel sender, gauge, Seat belt warning relay
Bulb (21 W)Turn signal flasher relay
Dry cell batteryFuel sender gauge
Heat lightSeat heater
Hexagon wrench (6 mm)Power seat
BE±8±
BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Preparation
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19. BRAKE PEDAL
(a) Check that pedal for smooth operation.
(b) Check that the pedal has the proper reservedistance and freeplay.
(c) Check the brake booster function.
20. BRAKES At a safe place, check that the brakes do not
pull to one side when applied.
21. PARKING BRAKE
(a) Check that the pedal has the proper travel.
(b) On a safe incline, check that the vehicle is held securely with only the parking brake applied.
22. A U TO M AT I C T RANSMISSION PARK
MECHANISM
(a) Check the lock release button of the selector lever for proper and smooth operation.
(b) On a safe incline, check that the vehicle is held securely with the selector lever in the ªPº
position and all brakes released.
MA00T±0A
UNDER HOOD
23. WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUIDCheck that there is sufficient fluid in the tank.
24. ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL
Check that the coolant level is between the
LEVEL lines on the see±through reservoir at
normal temperature (20 5C (68 5F)).
25. RADIATOR AND HOSES
(a) Check that the front of the radiator is clean and not blocked with leaves, dirt or bugs.
(b) Check the hoses for cracks, kinks, rot or loose connections.
26. BATTERY ELECTROLYTE LEVEL
Check the indicator.
When the indicator color is blue, the condition
is satisfactory. A red color indicates that dis-
tilled water must be added, and white indicates
that charging is necessary. 27. BRAKE FLUID LEVEL
Check that the brake fluid level is near the up-
per level line on the see±through reservoir.
28. ENGINE DRIVE BELT Check drive belt for fraying, cracks, wear or oili-
ness.
29. ENGINE OIL LEVEL
Check that level on the dipstick with the engine
turned off.
30. POWER STEERING FLUID LEVEL Check the level on the dipstick.
The level should be in the ªHOTº or ªCOLDº
range depending on the fluid temperature.
31. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID LEVEL
(a) Park the vehicle on a level surface.
(b) With the engine idling and the parking and foot brake applied, shift the selector into all
positions from ªPº to ªLº, and then shift into ªPº.
(c) Turn and pull out the dipstick and wipe off the fluid with a clean rag.
Re±insert the dipstick fully and check that the
fluid level is in the ªHOTº range.
(d) Perform this check with the fluid at normal driving temperature (70 ± 80
C (158 ± 176
F)).
If the level is at the low side, add fluid.
NOTICE: Do not overfill.
HINT: Wait about 30 minutes before checking
the fluid level after extended driving at high
speeds in hot weather, driving in heavy traffic
or with a trailer.
32. EXHAUST SYSTEM Visually inspect for cracks, holes or loose sup-
ports.
If any change in the sound of the exhaust or
smell of the exhaust fumes is noticed, have the
cause located and corrected.
MA±20
±
MAINTENANCE (1UZ ± FE)
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POWER STEERING
DESCRIPTION
SR0KG±03
The Progressive Power Steering (PPS) is basically a power rack and pinion\
gear with a rotary control valve.
The PPS varies the amount of hydraulic assistance with respect to vehicle r\
oad speed. In addition the unit
incorporates an electronically controlled hydraulic reaction chamber.
PRINCIPLES OF POWER STEERING
Power steering is a hydraulic device which utilizes engine power to reduce ste\
ering effort. Consequently,
the engine is used to drive a pump to develop fluid pressure, and this p\
ressure acts on a piston within the
power cylinder so that the piston assists the rack effort. The amount of this assistance depends on the ex-
tent of pressure acting on the piston. Therefore, if more steering force is \
required, the pressure must be
raised. The variation in the fluid pressure is accomplished by a control valve \
which is linked to the steering
main shaft.
SR±102
±
STEERING POWER STEERING
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OPERATION
NEUTRAL (STRAIGHT±AHEAD) POSITION
SR0NU±01
Fluid from the pump is sent to the control valve. If the control valve is in \
the neutral position, all the fluid
will flow through the control valve into the relief port and back to the pu\
mp. At this time, hardly any pressure
is created and because the pressure on the cylinder piston is equal on bot\
h sides, the piston will not move
in either direction.
WHEN TURNING
When the steering main shaft is turned in either direction, the control valv\
e also moves, closing one of the
fluid passages. The other passage then opens wider, causing a change in fluid flow volume and, at the
same time, a differential pressure is created between both sides of the piston. Conseque\
ntly, the piston
moves in the direction of the lower pressure so that the fluid in the cylinder is forced back to the pump
through the control valve.
±
STEERING POWER STEERINGSR±103
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SERVICE HINT
Troubles with the power steering system are usually concerned with hard steering due to the fact that there
is no assistance. In such cases, before attempting to make repairs, it i\
s necessary to determine whether
the trouble lies with the pump or with the gear housing. To do this, an on±vehicle inspection, can be made
by using a pressure gauge.
ON±VEHICLE INSPECTION Power steering is a hydraulic device and problems are normally due to insufficient fluid pressure acting on
the piston. This could be caused by either the pump not producing the speci\
fied fluid pressure or the control
valve in the gear housing not functioning properly so that the proper fluid p\
ressure can not be obtained.
If the fault lies with the pump, the same symptoms will generally occur wh\
ether the steering wheel is turned
fully to the right or left. On the other hand, if the fault lies with the con\
trol valve, there will generally be a
difference between the amount of assistance when the steering wheel is turned to th\
e left and right, causing
harder steering. However, if the piston seal of the power cylinder is worn, there will be a loss of f\
luid pressure
whether the steering wheel is turned to the right or left and the symptoms will\
be the same for both.
Before performing an on±vehicle inspection, a check must first be made to c\
onfirm that the power steering
system is completely free of any air. If there is any air in the system, the volume of this air will change \
when
the fluid pressure is raised, causing a fluctuation in the fluid pressure s\
o that the power steering will not
function properly. To determine if there is any air in the system, check to see if there is \
a change of fluid
level in the reservoir tank when the steering wheel is turned fully to t\
he right or left.
For example, if there is air in the system, it will be compressed to a smal\
ler volume when the steering wheel
is turned, causing a considerable drop in the fluid level. If the system is free of air, there will be very little
change in the level even when the fluid pressure is raised. This is beca\
use the fluid, being a liquid, does
not change volume when compressed. The little change in the fluid level is d\
ue to expansion of the hoses
between the pump and gear housing when pressure rises. Also, air in the system will sometimes result in
an abnormal noise occurring from the pump or gear housing when the steerin\
g wheel is fully turned in either
direction.
This on±vehicle inspection must be performed every time to ensure tha\
t the power steering system is work-
ing properly after overhauling or repairing the pump or gear housing.
SR±104±
STEERING POWER STEERING
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VANE PUMPThe main component parts of the vane pump, such as the cam ring, rotor, vanes and flow control valve
are high precision parts and must be handled carefully. Also, because this pump produces a very high fluid
pressure, O±rings are used for sealing each part. When reassembling t\
he pump, always use new O±rings.
In the flow control valve, there is a relief valve which controls the maximum pressu\
re of the pump. The
amount of this maximum pressure is very important; if it is too low, there will be insufficient power steering
assistance and if too high, it will have an adverse effect on the pressure hoses, oil seals, etc. If the maximum
pressure is either too high or too low due to a faulty relief valve, do \
not disassemble or adjust the relief valve,
but replace the flow control valve as an assembly.
The clearance between the flow control valve and pump body installation hol\
e is very important. After
manufacture, the factory measures the size of the installation hole and outer circumf\
erence of the flow con-
trol valve, and punches a mark accordingly. Therefore, when replacing the flow control valve, be sure to
do so with one having the same mark in order to ensure the proper cleara\
nce.
The functional parts of the pump which produce fluid pressure are the cam r\
ing, rotor and vanes, and these
should be checked for wear. If the clearance between each is not within standard when reassembling\
, any
worn parts should be replaced.
In this case, the replaced cam ring and rotor should be of the same length\
(have the same mark), and the
vanes should be replaced with those having a length corresponding to that mark, other\
wise the proper
thrust clearance cannot be obtained. If there is too much thrust clearance, there will be insufficient fluid
pressure at low speeds. If there is too little thrust clearance, it may \
result in seizure of the vanes.
±
STEERING POWER STEERINGSR±105
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GEAR HOUSING
If the gear housing is secured directly in a vise during overhaul, there i\
s danger of deforming it, so always
first secure it in the SST provided (rack & pinion steering rack housing stand) before placing it in the vise.
The oil seals on both sides of the power cylinder are for the prevention of\
leakage of the high pressure fluid
which acts on the piston. Always use new oil seals when reassembling and be v\
ery careful not to scratch
or damage them.
Because of the high pressure, even the slightest scratch will cause fluid leakage, \
resulting in an inoperative
power steering system.
Also, be very careful not to scratch the sliding portion of the rack which ma\
kes contact with the oil seals.
When removing the rack ends from the rack, it is very easy to cause a burr w\
hen holding the tip of the rack
with a wrench. Therefore, before assembling the rack, first check the tip fo\
r burrs and remove any with an
oil stone.
Teflon rings are used for the piston and control valve. These teflon rings are highly durable against wear,
but if it is necessary to replace them, be careful not to stretch the new o\
nes.
After installing a teflon ring into its groove, snug it down into the gr\
oove before assembly of the cylinder
or housing to prevent possible damage.
SR±106
±
STEERING POWER STEERING
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