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Vehicle Care 215
Vehicle Care
General Information
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . 216
Vehicle Checks
Doing Your Own Service Work . . . . . . . . . 216
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Engine Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . 219
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Automatic Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . 223
Engine Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Engine Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Brake Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Battery - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Wiper Blade Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Windshield Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Headlamp Aiming
Front Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Bulb Replacement
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
LED Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal,
Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps . . . . . . 235
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Sidemarker, Stoplamps, and Back-Up Lamps . . . . . . 236
Electrical System
Electrical System Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . 239
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Wheels and Tires
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Winter Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Tire Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Tire Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Tire Terminology and Definitions . . . . . . 246
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Tire Pressure for High-SpeedOperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Tire Pressure Monitor System . . . . . . . . . 249
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation . . . . . . 250
Tire Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Tire Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
When It Is Time for New Tires . . . . . . . . 255
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Different Size Tires and Wheels . . . . . . . . 257
Uniform Tire Quality Grading . . . . . . . . . . 257
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance . . . . 258
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit . . . . . . . 261
Storing the Tire Sealant and
Compressor Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Tire Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Jump Starting
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . 272
Towing the Vehicle
Transporting a Disabled Vehicle . . . . . . . 274
Recreational Vehicle Towing . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Appearance Care
Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
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244 Vehicle Care
provide adequate performance for most
winter driving conditions, but they may not
offer the same level of traction or
performance as winter tires on snow or
ice-covered roads. SeeWinter Tires0244.
Winter Tires
This vehicle was not originally equipped
with winter tires. Winter tires are designed
for increased traction on snow and
ice-covered roads. Consider installing winter
tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on ice
or snow covered roads is expected. See your
dealer for details regarding winter tire
availability and proper tire selection. Also,
see Buying New Tires 0256.
With winter tires, there may be decreased
dry road traction, increased road noise, and
shorter tread life. After changing to winter
tires, be alert for changes in vehicle
handling and braking.
If using winter tires:
.Use tires of the same brand and tread
type on all four wheel positions.
.Use only radial ply tires of the same size,
load range, and speed rating as the
original equipment tires. Winter tires with the same speed rating as
the original equipment tires may not be
available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated
tires. If winter tires with a lower speed
rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's
maximum speed capability.
Tire Sidewall Labeling
Useful information about a tire is
molded into its sidewall. The examples
show a typical passenger vehicle tire
and a compact spare tire sidewall.
Passenger Tire Example
(1) Tire Size:The tire size is a
combination of letters and numbers
used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type,
and service description. See the
“Tire
Size” illustration in this section.
(2) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria
Specification)
:Original equipment tires
designed to GM's specific tire
performance criteria have a TPC
specification code molded onto the
sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet
or exceed all federal safety guidelines.
(3) DOT (Department of
Transportation)
:The Department of
Transportation (DOT) code indicates that
the tire is in compliance with the U.S.
Department of Transportation Motor
Vehicle Safety Standards.
DOT Tire Date of Manufacture
:The last
four digits of the TIN indicate the tire
manufactured date. The first two digits
represent the week and the last two
digits, the year. For example, the third
week of the year 2020 would have a
4-digit DOT date of 0320. Week 01 is
the first full week (Sunday through
Saturday) of each year.
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250 Vehicle Care
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has
been equipped with a tire pressure
monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a
low tire pressure telltale when one or more
of your tires is significantly under-inflated.
Accordingly, when the low tire pressure
telltale illuminates, you should stop and
check your tires as soon as possible, and
inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving
on a significantly under-inflated tire causes
the tire to overheat and can lead to tire
failure. Under-inflation also reduces energy
efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect
the vehicle's handling and stopping ability.
Please note that the TPMS is not a
substitute for proper tire maintenance, and
it is the driver's responsibility to maintain
correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation
has not reached the level to trigger
illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure
telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a
TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when
the system is not operating properly. The
TPMS malfunction indicator is combined
with the low tire pressure telltale. When the
system detects a malfunction, the telltalewill flash for approximately one minute and
then remain continuously illuminated. This
sequence will continue upon subsequent
vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction
exists.
When the malfunction indicator is
illuminated, the system may not be able to
detect or signal low tire pressure as
intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for
a variety of reasons, including the
installation of replacement or alternate tires
or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the
TPMS from functioning properly. Always
check the TPMS malfunction telltale after
replacing one or more tires or wheels on
your vehicle to ensure that the replacement
or alternate tires and wheels allow the
TPMS to continue to function properly.
See
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation 0250.
See Radio Frequency Statement 0305.
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation
This vehicle may have a Tire Pressure
Monitor System (TPMS). The TPMS is
designed to warn the driver when a low tire
pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are
mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and
wheel assembly. The TPMS sensors monitor
the air pressure in the tires and transmit the
tire pressure readings to a receiver located
in the vehicle.
When a low tire pressure condition is
detected, the TPMS illuminates the low tire
pressure warning light on the instrument
cluster. If the warning light comes on, stop
as soon as possible and inflate the tires to
the recommended pressure shown on the
Tire and Loading Information label. See
Vehicle Load Limits
0171.
A message to check the pressure in a
specific tire displays in the Driver
Information Center (DIC). The low tire
pressure warning light and the DIC warning
message come on at each ignition cycle
until the tires are inflated to the correct
inflation pressure. Using the DIC, tire
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Vehicle Care 251
pressure levels can be viewed. For additional
information and details about the DIC
operation and displays seeDriver
Information Center (DIC) (Base Level) 0101
or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel)
0 103.
The low tire pressure warning light may
come on in cool weather when the vehicle is
first started, and then turn off as the vehicle
is driven. This could be an early indicator
that the air pressure is getting low and
needs to be inflated to the proper pressure.
A Tire and Loading Information label,
attached to your vehicle, shows the size of
the original equipment tires and the correct
inflation pressure for the tires when they
are cold. See Vehicle Load Limits 0171, for
an example of the Tire and Loading
Information label and its location. Also see
Tire Pressure 0248.
The TPMS can warn about a low tire
pressure condition but it does not replace
normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection
0 254, Tire Rotation 0254, and Tires0243.Caution
Tire sealant materials are not all the
same. A non-approved tire sealant could
damage the TPMS sensors. TPMS sensor
damage caused by using an incorrect tire
sealant is not covered by the vehicle
warranty. Always use only the GM
approved tire sealant available through
your dealer or included in the vehicle.
Factory-installed Tire Inflator Kits use a GM
approved liquid tire sealant. Using
non-approved tire sealants could damage the
TPMS sensors. See Tire Sealant and
Compressor Kit 0261 for information
regarding the inflator kit materials and
instructions.
TPMS Malfunction Light and Message
The TPMS will not function properly if one
or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or
inoperable. When the system detects a
malfunction, the low tire pressure warning
light flashes for about one minute and then
stays on for the remainder of the ignition
cycle. A DIC warning message also displays.
The malfunction light and DIC warning
message come on at each ignition cycle until the problem is corrected. Some of the
conditions that can cause these to come
on are:
.One of the road tires has been replaced
with the spare tire. The spare tire does
not have a TPMS sensor. The malfunction
light and DIC message should go off after
the road tire is replaced and the sensor
matching process is performed
successfully. See
“TPMS Sensor Matching
Process” later in this section.
.The TPMS sensor matching process was
not done or not completed successfully
after rotating the tires. The malfunction
light and the DIC message should go off
after successfully completing the sensor
matching process. See "TPMS Sensor
Matching Process" later in this section.
.One or more TPMS sensors are missing or
damaged. The malfunction light and the
DIC message should go off when the
TPMS sensors are installed and the sensor
matching process is performed
successfully. See your dealer for service.
.Replacement tires or wheels do not match
the original equipment tires or wheels.
Tires and wheels other than those
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Vehicle Care 253
also be performed after replacing a spare
tire with a road tire containing the TPMS
sensor. The malfunction light and the DIC
message should go off at the next ignition
cycle. The sensors are matched to the tire/
wheel positions, using a TPMS relearn tool,
in the following order: driver side front tire,
passenger side front tire, passenger side rear
tire, and driver side rear. See your dealer for
service or to purchase a relearn tool.
A TPMS relearn tool can also be purchased.
See Tire Pressure Monitor Sensor Activation
Tool at www.gmtoolsandequipment.com or
call 1-800-GM TOOLS (1-800-468-6657).
There are two minutes to match the first
tire/wheel position, and five minutes overall
to match all four tire/wheel positions. If it
takes longer, the matching process stops
and must be restarted.
The TPMS sensor matching process is:1. Set the parking brake.
2. Turn the ignition on without starting the vehicle.
3. Uplevel DIC only: Make sure the Tire Pressure info page option is turned on.
The info pages on the DIC can be turned
on and off through the Options menu. See
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Base
Level) 0101 or
Driver Information Center (DIC) (Uplevel)
0 103.
4. If the vehicle has an uplevel DIC, use the DIC controls on the right side of the
steering wheel to scroll to the Tire
Pressure screen under the DIC info page.
If the vehicle has a base level DIC, use
the trip odometer reset stem to scroll to
the Tire Pressure screen.
5. If the vehicle has an uplevel DIC, press and hold the thumbwheel in the center
of the DIC controls on the right side of
the steering wheel.
If the vehicle has a base level DIC, press
and hold the trip odometer reset stem
for about five seconds. A message asking
if the process should begin should
appear. Select yes and press the trip
odometer reset stem to confirm the
selection.
The horn sounds twice to signal the
receiver is in relearn mode and the TIRE
LEARNING ACTIVE message displays on
the DIC screen.
6. Start with the driver side front tire. 7. Place the relearn tool against the tire
sidewall, near the valve stem. Then press
the button to activate the TPMS sensor.
A horn chirp confirms that the sensor
identification code has been matched to
this tire and wheel position.
8. Proceed to the passenger side front tire, and repeat Step 7.
9. Proceed to the passenger side rear tire, and repeat Step 7.
10. Proceed to the driver side rear tire, and repeat Step 7. The horn sounds two
times to indicate the sensor
identification code has been matched to
the driver side rear tire, and the TPMS
sensor matching process is no longer
active. The TIRE LEARNING ACTIVE
message on the DIC display screen
goes off.
11. Turn the vehicle off.
12. Set all four tires to the recommended air pressure level as indicated on the Tire
and Loading Information label.
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254 Vehicle Care
Tire Inspection
We recommend that the tires, including
the spare tire, if the vehicle has one, be
inspected for signs of wear or damage
at least once a month.
Replace the tire if:
.The indicators at three or more
places around the tire can be seen.
.There is cord or fabric showing
through the tire's rubber.
.The tread or sidewall is cracked, cut,
or snagged deep enough to show
cord or fabric.
.The tire has a bump, bulge, or split.
.The tire has a puncture, cut, or other
damage that cannot be repaired well
because of the size or location of the
damage.
Tire Rotation
Tires should be rotated according to the
interval specified in the Maintenance
Schedule. SeeMaintenance Schedule
0 287. Tires are rotated to achieve a more
uniform wear for all tires. The first
rotation is the most important.
Anytime unusual wear is noticed, rotate
the tires as soon as possible, check for
proper tire inflation pressure, and check
for damaged tires or wheels. If the
unusual wear continues after the
rotation, check the wheel alignment.
See
When It Is Time for New Tires 0255
and
Wheel Replacement 0258.
Use this rotation pattern when rotating
the tires. Do not include the compact spare tire
in the tire rotation.
Adjust the front and rear tires to the
recommended inflation pressure on the
Tire and Loading Information label after
the tires have been rotated. See
Tire
Pressure 0248 and
Vehicle Load Limits 0171.
Reset the Tire Pressure Monitor System.
See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation
0 250.
Check that all wheel nuts are properly
tightened. See “Wheel Nut Torque”
under Capacities and Specifications
0 295, and “Removing the Flat Tire and
Installing the Spare Tire” underTire
Changing 0267.
{Warning
Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the
parts to which it is fastened, can
cause wheel nuts to become loose
over time. The wheel could come off
and cause a crash. When changing a
wheel, remove any rust or dirt from
(Continued)
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Vehicle Care 255
Warning (Continued)
places where the wheel attaches to
the vehicle. In an emergency, a cloth
or paper towel can be used; however,
use a scraper or wire brush later to
remove all rust or dirt.
Lightly coat the inner diameter of the
wheel hub opening with wheel bearing
grease after a wheel change or tire
rotation to prevent corrosion or rust
buildup.
{Warning
Do not apply grease to the wheel
mounting surface, wheel conical
seats, or the wheel nuts or bolts.
Grease applied to these areas could
cause a wheel to become loose or
come off, resulting in a crash.
When It Is Time for New Tires
Factors, such as maintenance, temperatures,
driving speeds, vehicle loading, and road
conditions affect the wear rate of the tires.
Treadwear indicators are one way to tell
when it is time for new tires. Treadwear
indicators appear when the tires have only
1.6 mm (1/16 in) or less of tread remaining.
See Tire Inspection 0254 and
Tire Rotation 0254.
The rubber in tires ages over time. This also
applies to the spare tire, if the vehicle has
one, even if it is never used. Multiple factors
including temperatures, loading conditions,
and inflation pressure maintenance affect
how fast aging takes place. GM recommends that tires, including the spare if equipped,
be replaced after six years, regardless of
tread wear. To identify the age of a tire, use
the tire manufacture date, which is the last
four digits of the DOT Tire Identification
Number (TIN) molded into one side of the
tire sidewall. The last four digits of the TIN
indicate the tire manufactured date. The
first two digits represent the week and the
last two digits, the year. For example, the
third week of the year 2020 would have a
4-digit DOT date of 0320. Week 01 is the
first full week (Sunday through Saturday) of
each year.
Vehicle Storage
Tires age when stored normally mounted on
a parked vehicle. Park a vehicle that will be
stored for at least a month in a cool, dry,
clean area away from direct sunlight to slow
aging. This area should be free of grease,
gasoline, or other substances that can
deteriorate rubber.
Parking for an extended period can cause
flat spots on the tires that may result in
vibrations while driving. When storing a
vehicle for at least a month, remove the
tires or raise the vehicle to reduce the
weight from the tires.
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Vehicle Care 257
If the vehicle tires must be replaced
with a tire that does not have a TPC
Spec number, make sure they are the
same size, load range, speed rating, and
construction (radial) as the original
tires.
The Tire and Loading Information label
indicates the original equipment tires
on the vehicle. SeeVehicle Load Limits
0 171.
Different Size Tires and Wheels
If wheels or tires are installed that are a
different size than the original equipment
wheels and tires, vehicle performance,
including its braking, ride and handling
characteristics, stability, and resistance to
rollover may be affected. If the vehicle has
electronic systems such as antilock brakes,
rollover airbags, traction control, electronic
stability control, or All-Wheel Drive, the
performance of these systems can also be
affected.
{Warning
If different sized wheels are used, there
may not be an acceptable level of
performance and safety if tires not
recommended for those wheels are
selected. This increases the chance of a
crash and serious injury. Only use GM
specific wheel and tire systems developed
for the vehicle, and have them properly
installed by a GM certified technician.
See Buying New Tires 0256 and
Accessories and Modifications 0216.
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
The following information relates to the
system developed by the United States
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA), which grades
tires by treadwear, traction, and
temperature performance. This applies
only to vehicles sold in the United
States. The grades are molded on the
sidewalls of most passenger car tires.
The Uniform Tire Quality Grading
(UTQG) system does not apply to deep
tread, winter tires, compact spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of
10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some
limited-production tires.
While the tires available on General
Motors passenger cars and light trucks
may vary with respect to these grades,
they must also conform to federal
safety requirements and additional
General Motors Tire Performance
Criteria (TPC) standards.
Quality grades can be found where
applicable on the tire sidewall between
tread shoulder and maximum section
width. For example:Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
All Passenger Car Tires Must Conform to
Federal Safety Requirements In Addition
To These Grades.
Treadwear
The treadwear grade is a comparative
rating based on the wear rate of the
tire when tested under controlled
conditions on a specified government
test course. For example, a tire graded
150 would wear one and one-half (1½)