2023 GMC YUKON DENALI steering wheel

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
316 Vehicle Care
Engine Oil Life System
When to Change Engine Oil
This vehicle has a computer system that
indicates when to change the engine oil and
filter. This is based on a combination of
factors which include engine revolutions,
engine temperature, and miles driven. Based
on driving conditions, the mileage at which
an oil change is indicated can vary
considerably. For the oil life system to work
properly, the system must be reset every
time the oil is changed.
On some vehicles, when the system has
calculated that oil life has been diminished,
a CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON message comes
on to indicate that an oil change is
necessary. Change the oil as soon as
possible within the next 1 000 km (600 mi).
It is possible that, if driving under the best
conditions, the oil life system might indicate
that an oil change is not necessary for up to
a year. The engine oil and filter must be
changed at least once a year and, at this
time, the system must be reset. For vehicles
without the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON
message, an oil change is needed when the
REMAINING OIL LIFE percentage is near 0%.
Your dealer has trained service people whowill perform this work and reset the system.
It is also important to check the oil regularly
over the course of an oil drain interval and
keep it at the proper level.
If the system is ever reset accidentally, the
oil must be changed at 5 000 km (3,000 mi)
since the last oil change. Remember to reset
the oil life system whenever the oil is
changed.
How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System
Reset the system whenever the engine oil is
changed so that the system can calculate
the next engine oil change. Always reset the
engine oil life to 100% after every oil
change. It will not reset itself. To reset the
engine oil life system:
1. Display the oil life percentage on the DIC. See Driver Information Center (DIC)
0 123.
2. Press the thumbwheel on the steering wheel, or the trip odometer reset stem if
the vehicle does not have DIC controls,
for several seconds. When the
confirmation message displays, select
YES. The oil life will change to 100%. The oil life system can also be reset as
follows:
1. Display the oil life percentage on the DIC. See Driver Information Center (DIC)
0 123.
2. Fully press the accelerator pedal slowly three times within five seconds.
3. If the display changes to 100%, the system is reset.
If the vehicle has a CHANGE ENGINE OIL
SOON message and it comes back on when
the vehicle is started and/or the oil
life percentage is near 0%, the engine oil
life system has not been reset. Repeat the
procedure.
Automatic Transmission Fluid
How to Check Automatic Transmission
Fluid
It is not necessary to check the transmission
fluid level. A transmission fluid leak is the
only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs,
take the vehicle to your dealer and have it
repaired as soon as possible.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
Vehicle Care 317
There is a special procedure for checking and
changing the transmission fluid. Because this
procedure is difficult, this should be done at
your dealer. Contact your dealer for
additional information.
Caution
Use of the incorrect automatic
transmission fluid may damage the
vehicle, and the damage may not be
covered by the vehicle warranty. Always
use the correct automatic transmission
fluid. SeeRecommended Fluids and
Lubricants 0392.
Change the fluid and filter at the intervals
listed in Maintenance Schedule 0388, and
be sure to use the fluid listed in
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants 0392.
Engine Air Filter Life System
If equipped, this feature provides the engine
air filter’s remaining life and best timing for
a change. The timing to change an engine
air filter depends on driving and
environmental conditions.
When to Change the Engine Air Filter
When the Driver Information Center (DIC)
displays a message to replace the engine air
filter at the next oil change, follow this
timing.
When the DIC displays a message to replace
the engine air filter soon, replace the engine
air filter at the earliest convenience.
The system must be reset after the engine
air filter is changed.
If the DIC displays a message to check the
engine air filter system, see your dealer.
How to Reset the Engine Air Filter Life
System
To reset:
1. Place the vehicle in P (Park).
2. Display the Air Filter Life on the DIC. See Driver Information Center (DIC) 0123.
3. Press the thumbwheel on the steering wheel to move to the Reset/Disable
display area. Select Reset then press the
thumbwheel for several seconds.
4. Press the thumbwheel to confirm the reset.
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter
The engine air cleaner/filter is on the driver
side of the engine compartment. See Engine
Compartment Overview 0311.
When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/
Filter
If the vehicle is not equipped with the
engine air filter life system see Maintenance
Schedule 0388 for intervals on inspecting
and replacing the engine air cleaner filter.
How to Inspect/Replace the Engine Air
Cleaner/Filter
Do not start the engine or have the engine
running with the engine air cleaner/filter
housing open. Before removing the engine
air cleaner/filter, make sure that the engine
air cleaner/filter housing and nearby
components are free of dirt and debris. Do
not clean the engine air cleaner/filter or
components with water or compressed air.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
Vehicle Care 337
FusesUsage
F1 Right Door
F2 Left Door
F3 Universal Garage Door Opener (UGDO)/OnStar
Hands-free Calling (OHC)/
Camera
F4 BCM 2 –Body Control
Module 2
F5 Displays
F6 Front Blower
F8 Left Door Panel
F10 Tilt/Column Lock F11 USB/Data Link Connector (DLC)
F12 Central Gateway Module (CGM)/Onstar
F14 Right Door Panel F17 Steering Wheel Control
F18 AVM 1 –Active Vibration
Module 1
F19 –
F20 – Fuses
Usage
F21 –
F22 Heated Wheel
F23 –
F24 –
F25 Search Engine Optimization (SEO)/UPFITTER
F26 USB/Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Retained Accessory
Power (RAP)
F27 Auxiliary Power Outlet (APO)/Retained Accessory
Power
F28 Spare
F30 SDM/AOS –Sensing and
Diagnostic Module/
Automatic Occupant
Sensing
F31 BCM 3 –Body Control
Module 3
F32 Center Stack Module (CSM)/USB
F33 BCM 4 –Body Control
Module 4 Fuses
Usage
F34 Out of Park
F40 –
F41 –
F42 Electric Park Brake Switch
F43 RSE –Road Side Equipment
F44 AVM 2 –Active Vibration
Module 2
F45 Radio Module
F46 BCM 1A –Body Control
Module 1A
F47 –
F48 TCM –Telematics Control
Module
F49 BCM 1 –Body Control
Module 1
F50 DMS –Driver Monitoring
System
F51 –
F52 –
F53 –
F54 Sunroof

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
Vehicle Care 359
Caution (Continued)
contact continues, slow down until it
stops. Driving too fast or spinning the
wheels with chains on will damage the
vehicle.
If a Tire Goes Flat
It is unusual for a tire to blow out while
driving, especially if the tires are maintained
properly. If air goes out of a tire, it is much
more likely to leak out slowly. But if there
ever is a blowout, here are a few tips about
what to expect and what to do:
If a front tire fails, the flat tire creates a
drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side.
Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and
grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to
maintain lane position, and then gently
brake to a stop, well off the road,
if possible.
A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts
much like a skid and may require the same
correction as used in a skid. Stop pressing
the accelerator pedal and steer to straighten
the vehicle. It may be very bumpy and
noisy. Gently brake to a stop, well off the
road, if possible.
{Warning
Driving on a flat tire will cause
permanent damage to the tire.
Re-inflating a tire after it has been driven
on while severely underinflated or flat
may cause a blowout and a serious crash.
Never attempt to re-inflate a tire that has
been driven on while severely
underinflated or flat. Have your dealer or
an authorized tire service center repair or
replace the flat tire as soon as possible.
{Warning
Lifting a vehicle and getting under it to
do maintenance or repairs is dangerous
without the appropriate safety equipment
and training. If a jack is provided with
the vehicle, it is designed only for
changing a flat tire. If it is used for
anything else, you or others could be
badly injured or killed if the vehicle slips
off the jack. If a jack is provided with the
vehicle, only use it for changing a
flat tire.If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and
wheel damage by driving slowly to a level
place, well off the road, if possible. Turn on
the hazard warning flashers. See
Hazard
Warning Flashers 0136.
If your vehicle is loaded at or near
maximum cargo capacity, it may be difficult
to fit the jack under the vehicle due to the
environment (shoulder slope, road debris,
etc.). Removal of some weight may improve
the ability to fit the jack under the vehicle
at the correct jacking location.
{Warning
Changing a tire can be dangerous. The
vehicle can slip off the jack and roll over
or fall causing injury or death. Find a
level place to change the tire. To help
prevent the vehicle from moving:
1. Set the parking brake firmly.
2. Shift the vehicle to P (Park).
3. For vehicles with four-wheel drive with an N (Neutral) transfer case
position, be sure the transfer case is
in a drive gear —not in N (Neutral).
(Continued)

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
376 Vehicle Care
Four-Wheel-Drive Vehicles
Only dinghy tow four-wheel-drive vehicles
with a two speed transfer case that has an
N (Neutral) and a 4
nsetting.
{Warning
Shifting a four-wheel-drive vehicle's
transfer case into N (Neutral) can cause
the vehicle to roll even if the
transmission is in P (Park). You or others
could be injured. Set the parking brake
before shifting the transfer case to
N (Neutral).To dinghy tow:
1. Position the vehicle being towed behind the tow vehicle, facing forward and on a
level surface.
2. Securely attach the vehicle being towed to the tow vehicle.
3. Apply the parking brake and start the engine.
4. Shift the transfer case to N (Neutral). See “Shifting into N (Neutral)” under
Four-Wheel Drive 0208 for the proper
procedure. Check that the vehicle is in
N (Neutral) by shifting the transmission
to R (Reverse) and then to D (Drive).
There should be no movement of the
vehicle while shifting.
5. Shift the transmission to P (Park).Caution
Failure to tow the vehicle with the
transmission in P (Park) can cause
damage to the transmission.
6. Turn off the engine.
7. Place the vehicle in accessory mode by pressing the start button without
stepping on the brake pedal. 8. Release the parking brake only when you
are confident it is secured to tow vehicle
and will not roll.
Before going on to the next step, be
sure to take the mechanical key with
you. It will be needed to re-enter the
vehicle after the power is disconnected.
See “Drive Door Key Lock Cylinder
Access” underDoor Locks 015.
9. Disconnect the negative battery cable at the battery and secure the nut and bolt.
Cover the negative battery post with a
non-conductive material to prevent any
contact with the negative battery
terminal.
Caution
Failure to disconnect the negative battery
cable or to have it contact the terminals
can cause damage to the vehicle.
10. Move the steering wheel to make sure the steering column is unlocked.
Caution
If the steering column is locked, vehicle
damage may occur.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 4/26/22
Vehicle Care 381
Caution
Using petroleum-based tire dressing
products on the vehicle may damage the
paint finish and/or tires. When applying a
tire dressing, always wipe off any
overspray from all painted surfaces on
the vehicle.
Wheels and Wheel Trim
Use a soft, clean cloth with mild soap and
water to clean the wheels. After rinsing
thoroughly with clean water, dry with a
soft, clean towel. Once dry, wax as desired.
Caution
Chrome wheels and chrome wheel trim
may be damaged if the vehicle is not
washed after driving on roads that have
been sprayed with magnesium chloride or
calcium chloride. These are used on roads
for conditions such as dust and ice.
Always wash the chrome with soap and
water after exposure.
Caution
To avoid surface damage on wheels and
wheel trim, do not use strong soaps,
chemicals, abrasive polishes, cleaners,
or brushes. Use only GM approved
cleaners. Do not drive the vehicle through
an automatic car wash that uses silicon
carbide tire/wheel cleaning brushes.
Damage could occur and the repairs
would not be covered by the vehicle
warranty.
Brake System
Visually inspect brake lines and hoses for
proper hook-up, binding, leaks, cracks,
chafing, etc. Inspect disc brake pads for wear
and rotors for surface condition. Inspect
drum brake linings/shoes for wear or cracks.
Inspect all other brake parts.
Steering, Suspension, and Chassis
Components
Visually inspect steering, suspension, and
chassis components for damaged, loose,
or missing parts or signs of wear at least
once a year.Inspect power steering for proper
attachment, connections, binding, cut/
punctured tie rod boots that could allow
water intrusion, cracks, chafing, etc.
Visually check constant velocity joint boots
and axle seals for leaks.
Lubricate the outer tie rod ends at least
every other oil change.
Control arm ball joints and outer tie rod
ends are maintenance-free.
Body Component Lubrication
Lubricate all key lock cylinders, hood hinges,
liftgate hinges, steel fuel door hinge and
power assist step hinges, unless the
components are plastic. Applying silicone
grease on weatherstrips with a clean cloth
will make them last longer, seal better, and
eliminate sticking or squeaking.
Underbody Maintenance
Caution
Avoid pressure washing the vehicle frame.
Use of high-pressure washers can result
in removal of corrosion protection and
possible vehicle damage.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 5/11/22
Index 421
Child Restraints (cont'd)Lower Anchors and Tethers for
Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 87
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Child Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Cleaning
Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Climate Control Systems
Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Compartments Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Connected Services Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Connections Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Control Hill Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 Control (cont'd)
Traction and Electronic Stability . . . . . . . 214
Control Light Hill Descent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Controls Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Convenience Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Coolant Engine Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Engine Temperature Warning Light . . . . . 118
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175, 178
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . 404
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Adaptive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Super . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Cupholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Customer Assistance Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Customer Information Publications Ordering Information . . . . . 407
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . 399
Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Dashboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Data Collection
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Diagnostics Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Disabled Vehicle Transporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Door Ajar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Drive Systems
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Driver Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-16417394) - 2023 - CRC - 5/11/22
Index 423
Fluid (cont'd)Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Fog Lamp Light Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Four Corner Air Suspension Light . . . . . . . . . 119
Four Corner Air Suspension System . . . . . . 220
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 326
Four-Wheel-Drive Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Heated and Ventilated Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Pedestrian Braking (FPB) System . . . . . . . 267
Fuel
Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Dynamic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Economy, Driving for Better . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Filling a Portable Fuel Container . . . . . . . 277
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Fuel (cont'd)
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Top Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Fuses Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . 332
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . 338
G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Gauges Engine Coolant Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Transmission Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . . . . . . . 104 General Information
Service and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Glass Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Global Positioning System (GPS) . . . . . . . . . .158
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Guidance Problems with the Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
H
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Head-Up Display (HUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Headlamps
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . 135
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97