2023 CHEVROLET EXPRESS airbag

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
200 Vehicle Care
FusesUsage
20 Left Stop/Turn Cutaway Lamp
21 Left Stop/Turn Trailer Lamp
22 Right Stop/Turn Cutaway Lamp
23 –
24 Fuel Pump 25 Auxiliary Power Outlet
26 Body Control Module 3 27 Special Equipment Option
28 Airbag
29 Steering Wheel Sensor
30 Engine Control Module Ignition
31 Transmission Control Module Ignition
32 Transmission Control Module 1 Battery
33 Rear Parking Aid Module Fuses
Usage
34 –
35 –
36 Fuel System Control Module Battery
41 Transmission Control Module 2/Battery Power
42 Trailer Wiring
43 –
44 Starter Solenoid 45 Engine Control Module/ Powertrain Signal 2
46 DC-AC Inverter 47 Fan Low Speed 51 Left High-Beam Headlamp
52 Right High-Beam Headlamp
53 Left Low-Beam Headlamp
54 Right Low-Beam Headlamp
55 Wipers Fuses
Usage
56 Canister Vent Solenoid
58 Body Control Module 2
59 Body Control Module 1 61 Engine Oil Solenoid
62 O2 Sensor 2
63 –
64 Mass Airflow/ Canister Vent
65 Ignition Coils/Injectors –Odd
66 Daytime Running Lamps 2
67 Daytime Running Lamps 1
68 Auxiliary Stoplamps
69 External Power for Trailer
70 Upfitter Stoplamps 71 Fuel Heater/FlexFuel Sensor
72 Body Control Module 6

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
202 Vehicle Care
Floor Console Fuse Block
The floor console fuse block is under the driver seat.
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of
the fuses, relays, and features shown.Mini-Fuses Usage
F1 –
F2 Steering Wheel Sensor
F3 Auxiliary Parking Lamps
F4 Front Parking Lamps F5 Trailer Parking Lamps
F6 Upfitter/Parking Lamps F7 Right Rear Parking Lamp
F8 Left Rear Parking Lamp
F9 Outside View Mirror Switch/Front Camera
Module
F10 Airbag/Automatic Occupant Sensing
F11 –/OnStar
F12 –
F13 HVAC 2
F14 HVAC 1 F15 Reflected LED Display
F16 Upfitter Aux 1/Gas Ambulance

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
216 Vehicle Care
Warning (Continued)
suddenly and cause a crash. Use only
radial-ply tires with the wheels on
the vehicle.
Winter tires with the same speed rating
as the original equipment tires may not
be available for H, V, W, Y and ZR
speed rated tires. Never exceed the
winter tires’ maximum speed capability
when using winter tires with a lower
speed rating.
If the vehicle tires must be replaced
with a tire that does not have a TPC
Spec number, make sure they are the
same size, load range, speed rating, and
construction (radial) as the original
tires.
The Tire and Loading Information label
indicates the original equipment tires
on the vehicle. See Vehicle Load Limits
0 126.Different Size Tires and Wheels
If wheels or tires are installed that are a
different size than the original equipment
wheels and tires, vehicle performance,
including its braking, ride and handling
characteristics, stability, and resistance to
rollover may be affected. If the vehicle has
electronic systems such as antilock brakes,
rollover airbags, traction control, electronic
stability control, or All-Wheel Drive, the
performance of these systems can also be
affected.
{Warning
If different sized wheels are used, there
may not be an acceptable level of
performance and safety if tires not
recommended for those wheels are
selected. This increases the chance of a
crash and serious injury. Only use GM
specific wheel and tire systems developed
for the vehicle, and have them properly
installed by a GM certified technician.
See Buying New Tires 0215 and
Accessories and Modifications 0173.
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
The following information relates to the
system developed by the United States
National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA), which grades
tires by treadwear, traction, and
temperature performance. This applies
only to vehicles sold in the United
States. The grades are molded on the
sidewalls of most passenger car tires.
The Uniform Tire Quality Grading
(UTQG) system does not apply to deep
tread, winter tires, compact spare tires,
tires with nominal rim diameters of
10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some
limited-production tires.
While the tires available on General
Motors passenger cars and light trucks
may vary with respect to these grades,
they must also conform to federal
safety requirements and additional
General Motors Tire Performance
Criteria (TPC) standards.

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
260 Customer Information
Choose a reputable repair facility that uses
quality replacement parts. See“Collision
Parts” earlier in this section.
If the airbag has inflated, see What Will You
See after an Airbag Inflates? 040.
Managing the Vehicle Damage Repair
Process
In the event that the vehicle requires
damage repairs, GM recommends that you
take an active role in its repair. If you have
a pre-determined repair facility of choice,
take the vehicle there, or have it towed
there. Specify to the facility that any
required replacement collision parts be
original equipment parts, either new
Genuine GM parts or recycled original GM
parts. Remember, recycled parts will not be
covered by the GM vehicle warranty.
Insurance pays the bill for the repair, but
you must live with the repair. Depending on
your policy limits, your insurance company
may initially value the repair using
aftermarket parts. Discuss this with the
repair professional, and insist on Genuine
GM parts. Remember, if the vehicle is
leased, you may be obligated to have the vehicle repaired with Genuine GM parts,
even if your insurance coverage does not
pay the full cost.
If another party's insurance company is
paying for the repairs, you are not obligated
to accept a repair valuation based on that
insurance company's collision policy repair
limits, as you have no contractual limits
with that company. In such cases, you can
have control of the repair and parts choices
as long as the cost stays within reasonable
limits.
Publication Ordering Information
Service Manuals
Service manuals have the diagnosis and
repair information on the engine/propulsion,
transmission, axle, suspension, brakes,
electrical system, steering system, body, etc.
Customer Literature
Owner’s manuals are written specifically for
owners and are intended to provide basic
operational information about the vehicle.
The owner’s manual includes the
Maintenance Schedule for all models.
Customer literature publications available for
purchase include owner’s manuals, warranty
manuals, and portfolios. Portfolios include an
owner’s manual, warranty manual,
if applicable, and zip lock bag or pouch.
Current and Past Models
Service manuals and customer literature are
available for many current and past model
year GM vehicles.
To order, call 1-800-551-4123 Monday–Friday,
8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Eastern Time
For credit card orders only (VISA,
MasterCard, or Discover), see Helm, Inc. at:
www.helminc.com.
To order by mail, write to:
Helm, Incorporated
Attention: Customer Service
47911 Halyard Drive
Plymouth, MI 48170
Make checks payable in U.S. funds.
Radio Frequency Statement
This vehicle uses license-exempt transmitters
/ receivers / systems that operate on a
radio frequency that complies with Part 15/
Part 18 of the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) rules and with Innovation,

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
262 Customer Information
Customer Care Centre
General Motors of Canada Company
500 Wentworth Street W
Oshawa, ON L1J 0C5
In Mexico, call 800-466-0811 or
800-508-0000.
In other Central America and Caribbean
Countries, call 52-555-901-2369.
Vehicle Data Recording and
Privacy
The vehicle has a number of computers that
record information about the vehicle’s
performance and how it is driven or used.
For example, the vehicle uses computer
modules to monitor and control engine and
transmission performance, to monitor the
conditions for airbag deployment and
deploy them in a crash, and, if equipped, to
provide antilock braking to help the driver
control the vehicle. These modules may
store data to help the dealer technician
service the vehicle or to help GM improve
safety or features. Some modules may also
store data about how the vehicle is
operated, such as rate of fuel consumptionor average speed. These modules may retain
personal preferences, such as radio presets,
seat positions, and temperature settings.
Cybersecurity
GM collects information about the use of
your vehicle including operational and safety
related information. We collect this
information to provide, evaluate, improve,
and troubleshoot our products and services
and to develop new products and services.
The protection of vehicle electronics systems
and customer data from unauthorized
outside electronic access or control is
important to GM. GM maintains appropriate
security standards, practices, guidelines and
controls aimed at defending the vehicle and
the vehicle service ecosystem against
unauthorized electronic access, detecting
possible malicious activity in related
networks, and responding to suspected
cybersecurity incidents in a timely,
coordinated and effective manner. Security
incidents could impact your safety or
compromise your private data. To minimize
security risks, please do not connect your
vehicle electronic systems to unauthorized
devices or connect your vehicle to any
unknown or untrusted networks (such as
Bluetooth, WIFI or similar technology). Inthe event you suspect any security incident
impacting your data or the safe operation of
your vehicle, please stop operating your
vehicle and contact your dealer.Event Data Recorders
This vehicle is equipped with an Event Data
Recorder (EDR). The main purpose of an EDR
is to record, in certain crash or near
crash-like situations, such as an air bag
deployment or hitting a road obstacle, data
that will assist in understanding how a
vehicle’s systems performed. The EDR is
designed to record data related to vehicle
dynamics and safety systems for a short
period of time, typically 30 seconds or less.
The EDR in this vehicle is designed to record
such data as:
.How various systems in your vehicle were
operating;
.Whether or not the driver and passenger
safety belts were buckled/fastened;
.How far (if at all) the driver was
depressing the accelerator and/or brake
pedal; and,
.How fast the vehicle was traveling.
These data can help provide a better
understanding of the circumstances in which
crashes and injuries occur.

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
272 Index
IndexA
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
AdditionalOnStar Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Agreements Trademarks and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How Does an Airbag Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . 39
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . 39
What Will You See after an AirbagInflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . 39
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Airbags Adding Equipment to the Vehicle . . . . . . . 44
Light On-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
On-Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
On-Off Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Airbags (cont'd)
Replacing System Parts after a
Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . 44
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Alert
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Antenna Fixed Mast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Appearance Care
Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Ashtrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Audio Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Automatic Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
Index 277
LATCH, Lower Anchors and Tethers forChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Lighter, Cigarette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Lighting Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Lights Airbag On-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Antilock Brake System (ABS)Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Check Engine (Malfunction Indicator) . . . 77
Cruise Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Gauges and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Lane Departure Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Seat Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
StabiliTrak OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Traction Control System (TCS)/StabiliTrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Locking Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Locks
Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cargo Door Relocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Manual
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Media
Avoiding Untrusted Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Messages
Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Mirrors Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Interior Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Trailer Tow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Monitor System, Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Multi-Point Vehicle Inspection (MPVI) . . . . 244
N
Navigation Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Noise Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
O
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Off-Road
Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
16547501) - 2023 - CRC - 6/10/22
Index 279
Reimbursement Program, GMMobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Keyless Entry (RKE) SystemOperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Vehicle Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Replacement Parts Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Replacing
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
LATCH System Parts After a Crash . . . . . . 58
Seat Belt System Parts after a Crash . . . . 35
Reporting Safety Defects Canadian Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Restraints Where to Put . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Retained Accessory Power (RAP) . . . . . . . . . . 133
Roads
Driving, Wet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Roadside Assistance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Rotation, Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Routing, Engine Drive Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Running the Vehicle While Parked . . . . . . . 136S
Safety Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Safety Defects Reporting Canadian Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Safety System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Satellite Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Seat Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . . 29
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Replacing after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Use During Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Seats
Adjustment, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Power Adjustment, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Securing Child Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 60
Security Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Security (cont'd)
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Vehicle Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . 173
Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Doing Your Own Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Maintenance Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Maintenance, General Information . . . . . 241
Parts Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Services
Special Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Servicing the Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Shift Lock Control Function Check, Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Shifting Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Side Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Signals, Turn and Lane-Change . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Sliding Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Special Application Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Specifications and Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
StabiliTrak OFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80