2023 ALFA ROMEO GIULIA TPMS

11

LANE KEEPING ASSIST (LKA) SYSTEM —
IF EQUIPPED .......................................... 120
Turning Lane Keeping Assist On
Or Off .................................................... 120 Lane Keeping Assist Warning
Message ...............................................121
REAR BACK UP CAMERA / DYNAMIC
GRIDLINES ............................................. 123 REFUELING THE VEHICLE ..................... 124
Refueling Procedure ...........................124
VEHICLE LOADING ................................. 125
Certification Label................................ 125
TRAILER TOWING................................... 126
SUGGESTIONS FOR DRIVING................ 126
Saving Fuel ...........................................126
Driving Style .........................................127
Conditions Of Use ................................ 127
Transporting Passengers ....................127
Transporting Animals...........................127
Exhaust Gas .........................................128
Performance — Quadrifoglio ...............128
SAFETY
ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS ..................... 129
Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) ........... 129
Active Torque Vectoring (ATV) —
If Equipped ...........................................129 Dynamic Steering Torque (DST) .........130
Drive Train Control (DTC) System —
If Equipped ...........................................130 Electronic Stability Control (ESC) ........130
Hill Start Assist (HSA)...........................131
Panic Brake Assist (PBA) .....................131
Traction Control System (TCS) ............131
AUXILIARY DRIVING SYSTEMS .............. 132
Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM)
System — If Equipped ........................ 132 Active Blind Spot Assist (ABSA)
System — If Equipped ........................ 134 Driver Attention Assist (DAA)
System — If Equipped ......................... 137 Forward Collision Warning Plus
(FCW+) System — If Equipped ............ 138 Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS).................................................. 142
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS ....... 144
Occupant Restraint Systems
Features .............................................. 144 Important Safety Precautions ............ 144
Seat Belt Systems .............................. 144
Supplemental Restraint Systems
(SRS) .................................................... 149 Child Restraints ................................... 158
SAFETY TIPS........................................... 166
Transporting Passengers .................... 166
Transporting Pets ................................ 166
Connected Vehicles ............................ 166
Safety Checks You Should Make
Inside The Vehicle .............................. 167 Periodic Safety Checks You Should
Make Outside The Vehicle .................. 168 Exhaust Gas ........................................ 168
Carbon Monoxide Warnings ............... 168
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
HAZARD WARNING FLASHERS ............ 169
SOS EMERGENCY CALL —
IF EQUIPPED ......................................... 169TIRE SERVICE KIT .................................. 171
Description ........................................... 171
Inflation Procedure .............................. 172
Checking And Restoring Tire
Pressure ............................................... 174 Sealant Cartridge Replacement ......... 174
Run Flat Tires — If Equipped ................. 174
JUMP STARTING ................................... 175
Remote Battery Connection Posts ..... 175
Jump Starting Procedure .................... 177
Bump Starting...................................... 178
IF YOUR ENGINE OVERHEATS ............... 178
MANUAL PARK RELEASE....................... 179
TOWING A DISABLED VEHICLE ............. 179
Rear Wheel Drive (RWD) Models ........ 179
All Wheel Drive (AWD) Models ............ 180
TOW EYES ............................................. 180
ENHANCED ACCIDENT RESPONSE
SYSTEM (EARS) .................................... 181 EVENT DATA RECORDER (EDR) ............ 181
SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE
SCHEDULED SERVICING ....................... 182
Periodic Checks ................................... 182
Heavy Usage Of The Vehicle ............... 182
Maintenance Plan — 2.0L Engine ...... 183
Maintenance Plan — 2.9L Engine ...... 185
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 11

SYMBOL GLOSSARY

14

SYMBOL GLOSSARY
Some car components have colored labels with symbols indicating
precautions to be observed when using this component. It is important to
follow all warnings when operating your vehicle. See below for the definition
of each symbol

Ú
page 70.

NOTE:
Warning and Indicator lights are different based upon equipment options
and current vehicle status. Some telltales are optional and may not appear.
Red Warning Lights
Air Bag Warning Light
Ú
page 71
Brake Warning Light

Ú
page 71
Electronic Braking Force Distribution (EBD) Failure

Ú
page 72
Oil Temperature Warning Light

Ú
page 72
Seat Belt Reminder Warning Light

Ú
page 71
Amber Warning Lights
Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Warning Light
Ú
page 72
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Indicator Light
Ú
page 72
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) OFF Indicator Light

Ú
page 72
Engine Check/Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)

Ú
page 73
Forward Collision Warning (FCW) System

Ú
page 74
Fuel Reserve/Limited Range

Ú
page 74
Rear Fog Lights

Ú
page 73
Tire Pressure Low Warning Light

Ú
page 73
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Light

Ú
page 73
Amber Warning Lights
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 14

73

Tire Pressure Low Warning Light
The indicator light will illuminate to
indicate that the tire pressure is lower
than the recommended value and/or
that slow pressure loss is occurring. In
these cases, optimal tire duration and fuel
consumption may not be guaranteed.
In any situation in which the message on the
display is “See Manual”

Ú
page 142.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Warning Light
The warning light switches on and a
message is displayed to indicate that
the tire pressure is lower than the
recommended value and/or that slow
pressure loss is occurring. In these cases, optimal
tire duration and fuel consumption may not be
guaranteed.
Should one or more tires be in the condition
mentioned previously, the display will show the
indications corresponding to each tire.
Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should
be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the
inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. If your vehicle has tires of
a different size than the size indicated on the
vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you
should determine the proper tire inflation
pressure for those tires.
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been
equipped with a TPMS that illuminates a low tire
pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is
significantly underinflated. Accordingly, when the
low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should
stop and check your tires as soon as possible,
and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving
on a significantly underinflated tire causes the
tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure.
Underinflation also reduces fuel efficiency and
tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle’s
handling and stopping ability.
Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for
proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver’s
responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure,
even if underinflation has not reached the level to
trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure
telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS
malfunction indicator to indicate when the
system is not operating properly. The TPMS
malfunction indicator is combined with the low
tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a
malfunction, the telltale will flash for approxi
-
mately one minute and then remain continuously
illuminated. This sequence will continue upon
subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the
malfunction exists. When the malfunction
indicator is illuminated, the system may not be
able to detect or signal low tire pressure as
intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a
variety of reasons, including the installation of
replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning
properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction
telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels
on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or
alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to
continue to function properly.
Rear Fog Lights
The indicator illuminates when the rear
fog light is activated.
Engine Check/Malfunction Indicator Light
(MIL)
In normal conditions, when the ignition
is cycled to ON, the indicator light
illuminates, but it should turn off as
soon as the engine is started.
CAUTION!
Do not continue driving with one or more flat
tires as handling may be compromised. Stop
the vehicle, avoiding sharp braking and
steering. If a tire puncture occurs, repair
immediately using the dedicated tire repair kit
and contact an authorized dealer as soon as
possible.
WARNING!
The TPMS has been optimized for the original
equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures
and warning have been established for the tire
size equipped on your vehicle. Undesirable
system operation or sensor damage may
result when using replacement equipment
that is not of the same size, type, and/or style.
Aftermarket wheels can cause sensor
damage. Using aftermarket tire sealants may
cause the Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) sensor to become inoperable. After
using an aftermarket tire sealant it is
recommended that you take your vehicle to an
authorized dealership to have your sensor
function checked.
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 73

SAFETY

132

System Intervention
The intervention of the system is indicated by the
flashing of the ESC Warning Light on the
instrument panel, to inform the driver that the
vehicle stability and grip are critical.
AUXILIARY DRIVING
SYSTEMS
The following auxiliary driving systems are
available in this vehicle:
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Driver Attention Assist (DAA)
The vehicle may also be fitted with the following
driving assistance systems:
Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM)
Active Blind Spot Assist (ABSA)
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
Lane Keeping Assist (LKA)
Highway Assist System (HAS)
Traffic Jam Assist (TJA)
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
Intelligent Speed Control (ISC)
Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR)
For the operation of the LDW, LKA, HAS, TJA, ACC,
ISC, or TSR systems, see

Ú
page 81.

NOTE:
When driving on two-way roads where there is no
lane dividing center line (e.g. on unpaved roads),
the use of the Active Blind Spot Assist (ABSA), HAS, TJA, and LKA systems is strongly discour
-
aged as the system could detect the entire road
as single-lane dividing lines.

NOTE:
The driving assistance systems are designed to
aid in driving the car. The driver must always
maintain a sufficient level of attention to the
traffic and road conditions and control the trajec -
tory of the car.
BLIND SPOT MONITORING (BSM)
S
YSTEM — IF EQUIPPED
The BSM system uses two radar sensors, located
in the rear fascia/bumper (one on each side), to
detect the presence of other vehicles in the rear
side blind spots of your vehicle.
Rear Sensor Location
The system warns the driver about the presence
of other vehicles in the detection area by illumi -
nating the BSM Warning Light located within the
door mirror on the side in which the other vehicle
was detected. If equipped, an audible chime will
also be heard to alert the driver (if option is
selected within the radio system). BSM Indicator Light
When the engine is started, the warning light
illuminates briefly to signal the driver that the
system is active.
Sensors
The sensors are activated when any forward gear
is engaged at a speed higher than approximately
6 mph (10 km/h). The sensors are temporarily deactivated when
the vehicle is stationary or the vehicle is in PARK.
The detection area of the system covers approxi -
mately one lane on both sides of the vehicle.
This area begins from the door mirror and
extends for approximately 19 ft (6 m) towards the
rear part of the vehicle.
When the sensors are active, the system
monitors the detection areas on both sides of the
vehicle and warns the driver about the possible
presence of vehicles in these areas.
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 132

SAFETY

142

TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM
(TPMS)
The vehicle is equipped with a TPMS that sends
the inflation pressure information of each tire to
the control unit, and will signal the driver in the
event of insufficient tire pressure. The TPMS uses wireless technology with wheel
rim mounted electronic sensors to monitor tire
pressure levels. Sensors, mounted to each wheel
as part of the valve stem, transmit tire pressure
readings to the receiver module.
Tire pressure will vary with temperature by
approximately 1 psi (7 kPa) for every 12°F
(6.5°C). This means that when the outside
temperature decreases, the tire pressure will
also decrease. Tire pressure should always be set
based on cold inflation tire pressure. This is
defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has
not been driven for at least three hours, or driven
less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after a three hour
period. The cold tire inflation pressure must not
exceed the maximum inflation pressure molded
into the tire sidewall. The tire pressure will also
increase as the vehicle is driven. This is normal,
and there should be no adjustment for this
increased pressure. See

Ú
page 206 for
information on how to properly inflate the
vehicle’s tires.
The TPMS will signal the driver if pressure falls
below the warning limit for any reason, including
the effects of low temperature and normal loss of
pressure from the tire.
The TPMS will stop indicating insufficient tire
pressure when pressure is equal to or greater
than the prescribed cold inflation level.
Therefore, if insufficient tire pressure is indicated
by the ( ) warning light displaying in the
instrument cluster, increase the inflation
pressure up to the prescribed cold inflation value. The system will automatically update, and the
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Warning Light
will turn off once the system receives the updated
tire pressures. The vehicle may need to be driven
for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h) in
order for the TPMS to receive this information.

NOTE:
The TPMS cannot indicate sudden tire pressure
drops (e.g. if a tire bursts). In this case, proceed
with caution and avoid abrupt steering.
Operating Example
For example, your vehicle may have a
recommended cold (parked for more than three
hours) placard pressure of 33 psi (227 kPa). If
the ambient temperature is 68°F (20°C), and the
measured tire pressure is 28 psi (193 kPa), a
temperature drop to 20°F (-7°C) will decrease
the tire pressure to approximately 24 psi
(165 kPa). This tire pressure is low enough to turn
on the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Warning
Light. Driving the vehicle may cause the tire
pressure to rise to approximately 28 psi
(193 kPa), but the Tire Pressure Monitoring
System Warning Light will still be on. In this
situation, the Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Warning Light will turn off only after the tires are
inflated to the vehicle’s recommended cold
placard pressure value.
WARNING!
The system has not been designed to
prevent impacts and cannot detect possible
conditions leading to an accident in
advance. Failure to take into account this
warning may lead to serious or fatal injuries.
The system may activate, assessing the
trajectory of the vehicle, for the presence of
reflecting metal objects different from other
vehicles, such as safety barriers, road signs,
barriers before parking lots, tollgates, level
crossings, gates, railways, objects near road
constructions sites or higher than the vehicle
(e.g. a fly-over). In the same way, the system
may intervene inside multi-story parking lots
or tunnels, or due to a glare on the road
surface. These possible activations are a
consequence of the real driving scenario
coverage by the system and must not be
regarded as faults.
The system has been designed for road use
only. If the vehicle is driven on a track, the
system must be deactivated to avoid
unnecessary warnings. Automatic deacti
-
vation is signaled by the dedicated warning
light/symbol switching on in the instrument
panel

Ú
page 70.
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 142

143

Insufficient Tire Pressure Indication
If an insufficient pressure value is detected on
one or more tires, the Tire Pressure Monitoring
System Warning Light in the instrument cluster
will display alongside the dedicated messages,
the system will highlight the tire or tires with
insufficient pressure graphically, and an acoustic
signal will be emitted.In this case, stop the vehicle, check the inflation
pressure of each tire, and inflate the necessary
tire or tires to the correct cold inflation pressure
value, shown on the display or in the dedicated
TPMS menu.
TPMS Temporarily Disabled:
TPMS Check Message
When a system fault is detected, the Tire
Pressure Monitoring System Warning Light will
flash on and off for 75 seconds, and then remain
on solid. The system fault will also sound a chime.
If the ignition is cycled, this sequence will repeat,
provided that the system fault still exists. The Tire
Pressure Monitoring System Warning Light will
turn off when the fault condition no longer exists.
A system fault can occur due to any of the
following:
Jamming due to electronic devices or driving
next to facilities emitting the same radio
frequencies as the TPMS sensors.
Installing some form of aftermarket window
tinting that affects radio wave signals.
Packed snow or ice around the wheels or
wheel housings.
Using tire chains on the vehicle.
Using wheels/tires not equipped with TPMS
sensors.
After the punctured tire has been repaired with
the original tire sealant contained in the tire kit,
the previous condition must be restored so that
the Tire Pressure Monitoring System Warning
Light is off during normal driving.
TPMS Deactivation
The TPMS can be deactivated by replacing all four
wheel and tire assemblies (road tires) with wheel and tire assemblies that do not have TPMS
sensors, such as when installing winter wheel
and tire assemblies on your vehicle.
To deactivate the TPMS, first replace all four
wheel and tire assemblies (road tires) with tires
not equipped with Tire Pressure Monitoring
System sensors. Then, drive the vehicle for
20 minutes above 15 mph (24 km/h). The TPMS
will chime, the Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Warning Light will flash on and off for 75 seconds
and then remain on. The instrument cluster will
display the “SERVICE TPM SYSTEM” message
and then display dashes (--) in place of the
pressure values.
Beginning with the next ignition switch cycle, the
TPMS will no longer chime or display the
“SERVICE TPM SYSTEM” message in the
instrument cluster. Instead, dashes (--) will
remain in place of the pressure values.
To reactivate the TPMS, replace all four wheel
and tire assemblies (road tires) with tires
equipped with TPMS sensors. Then, drive the
vehicle for up to 20 minutes above 15 mph
(24 km/h). The TPMS will chime, the Tire
Pressure Monitoring System Warning Light will
flash on and off for 75 seconds and then turn off.
The instrument cluster will display the “SERVICE
TPM SYSTEM” message and then display
pressure values in place of the dashes. On the
next ignition switch cycle the "SERVICE TPM
SYSTEM" message will no longer be displayed, as
long as no system fault exists.

NOTE:

The TPMS is not intended to replace normal
tire care and maintenance, or to provide
warning of a tire failure or condition.
CAUTION!

The TPMS has been optimized for the original
equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures
and warning have been established for the
tire size equipped on your vehicle.
Undesirable system operation or sensor
damage may result when using replacement
equipment that is not of the same size, type,
and/or style. The TPMS sensor is not
designed for use on aftermarket wheels and
may contribute to a poor overall system
performance or sensor damage. Customers
are encouraged to use Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM) wheels to ensure proper
TPMS feature operation.
Using aftermarket tire sealants may cause the
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
sensor to become inoperable. After using an
aftermarket tire sealant it is recommended
that you take your vehicle to an authorized
dealer to have your sensor function checked.
After inspecting or adjusting the tire pressure
always reinstall the valve stem cap. This will
prevent moisture and dirt from entering the
valve stem, which could damage the TPMS
sensor.

23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 143

SAFETY

144

The TPMS should not be used as a tire
pressure gauge while adjusting your tire
pressure.
Driving on a significantly underinflated tire will
cause the tire to overheat, and can lead to tire
failure. Underinflation also reduces fuel
efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the
vehicle’s handling and stopping ability.
The TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire
maintenance, and it is the driver’s responsi-
bility to maintain correct tire pressure using an
accurate tire pressure gauge, even if underin -
flation has not reached the level to trigger
illumination of the Tire Pressure Monitoring
System Warning Light.
Seasonal temperature changes will affect tire
pressure, and the TPMS will monitor the actual
tire pressure in the tire

Ú
page 239.
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS
Some of the most important safety features in
your vehicle are the restraint systems:
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
F
EATURES
Seat Belt Systems
Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS) Air
Bags
Child Restraints
Some of the safety features described in this
section may be standard equipment on some
models, or may be optional equipment on others.
If you are not sure, ask an authorized dealer.
IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Please pay close attention to the information in
this section. It tells you how to use your restraint
system properly, to keep you and your
passengers as safe as possible.
Here are some simple steps you can take to
minimize the risk of harm from a deploying air
bag:
1. Children 12 years old and under should always ride buckled up in the rear seat of a
vehicle with a rear seat.
2. A child who is not big enough to wear the vehicle seat belt properly must be secured in
the appropriate child restraint or belt-posi -
tioning booster seat in a rear seating position

Ú
page 158.
3. If a child from 2 to 12 years old (not in a rear-facing child restraint) must ride in the
front passenger seat, move the seat as far
back as possible and use the proper child
restraint

Ú
page 158.
4. Never allow children to slide the shoulder belt behind them or under their arm.
5. You should read the instructions provided with your child restraint to make sure that you
are using it properly.
6. All occupants should always wear their lap and shoulder belts properly.
7. The driver and front passenger seats should be moved back as far as practical to allow the
front air bags room to inflate.
8. Do not lean against the door or window. If your vehicle has side air bags, and deploy -
ment occurs, the side air bags will inflate forcefully into the space between occupants
and the door and occupants could be injured.
9. If the air bag system in this vehicle needs to be modified to accommodate a disabled
person, see

Ú
page 236 for customer
service contact information.
SEAT BELT SYSTEMS
Buckle up even though you are an excellent
driver, even on short trips. Someone on the road
may be a poor driver and could cause a collision
that includes you. This can happen far away from
home or on your own street.
Research has shown that seat belts save lives,
and they can reduce the seriousness of injuries in
a collision. Some of the worst injuries happen
when people are thrown from the vehicle. Seat
belts reduce the possibility of ejection and the
risk of injury caused by striking the inside of the
vehicle. Everyone in a motor vehicle should be
belted at all times.
WARNING!
Never place a rear-facing child restraint in
front of an air bag. A deploying passenger
front air bag can cause death or serious
injury to a child 12 years or younger,
including a child in a rear-facing child
restraint.
Never install a rear-facing child restraint in
the front seat of a vehicle. Only use a
rear-facing child restraint in the rear seat. If
the vehicle does not have a rear seat, do not
transport a rear-facing child restraint in that
vehicle.
23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 144

SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE

214

2.9L Engine
(*) Recommended tire size when tire chains are necessary
Ú
page 218.
Radial Ply Tires
Tire Repair
If your tire becomes damaged, it may be repaired
if it meets the following criteria:
The tire has not been driven on when flat.
The damage is only on the tread section of your
tire (sidewall damage is not repairable).
The puncture is no greater than a ¼ of an inch
(6 mm).
Consult an authorized tire dealer for tire repairs
and additional information. Damaged Run Flat tires, or Run Flat tires that
have experienced a loss of pressure should be
replaced immediately with another Run Flat tire
of identical size and service description (Load
Index and Speed Symbol). Replace the tire
pressure sensor as well as it is not designed to be
reused.
Run Flat Tires — If Equipped
Run Flat tires allow you the capability to drive
50 miles (80 km) at 50 mph (80 km/h) after a
rapid loss of inflation pressure. This rapid loss of
inflation is referred to as the Run Flat mode. A
Run Flat mode occurs when the tire inflation
pressure is of/or below 14 psi (96 kPa). Once a
Run Flat tire reaches the Run Flat mode it has
limited driving capabilities and needs to be
replaced immediately. A Run Flat tire is not
repairable. When a Run Flat tire is changed after
being driven under a Run Flat mode 14 psi
(96 kPa) condition, please replace the TPMS
sensor as it is not designed to be reused.

NOTE:
The TPMS sensor must be replaced after driving
the vehicle on a flat tire condition. It is not recommended driving a vehicle loaded at
full capacity or to tow a trailer while a tire is in the
Run Flat mode.
See the Tire Pressure Monitoring System section
for more information

Ú
page 142.
Tire Spinning
When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions,
do not spin your vehicle's wheels above 30 mph
(48 km/h) or for longer than 30 seconds contin
-
uously without stopping.
TiresWheel
Recommended Cold Tire Inflation
PressureHigh Speed Tire Inflation Pressure
FrontRearFrontRear
245/35 Z R19 (93Y) XL 19x8.5J35 psi (240 kPa) -42 psi (290 kPa) –
265/35 R19 98V* ––32 psi (220 kPa) –42 psi (290 kPa)
285/30 ZR19 (98Y) XL 19x10J–32 psi (220 kPa) –42 psi (290 kPa)
WARNING!
Combining radial ply tires with other types of
tires on your vehicle will cause your vehicle to
handle poorly. The instability could cause a
collision. Always use radial ply tires in sets of
four. Never combine them with other types of
tires.
WARNING!

Fast spinning tires can be dangerous. Forces
generated by excessive wheel speeds may
cause tire damage or failure. A tire could
explode and injure someone. Do not spin your
vehicle's wheels faster than 30 mph (48 km/h)
for more than 30 seconds continuously when
you are stuck, and do not let anyone near a
spinning wheel, no matter what the speed.

23_GA_OM_EN_USC_t.book Page 214