2022 GMC YUKON brake

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - CRC - 12/3/21
380 Service and Maintenance
Footnotes—Maintenance Schedule
Additional Required Services - Severe
(1) Or every two years, whichever comes
first. More frequent passenger compartment
air filter replacement may be needed if
driving in areas with heavy traffic, poor air
quality, high dust levels, or environmental
allergens. Passenger compartment air filter
replacement may also be needed if there is
reduced airflow, window fogging, or odors.
Your GM dealer can help determine when to
replace the filter.
(2) Do not directly power wash the transfer
case and/or front/rear axle output seals.
High pressure water can overcome the seals
and contaminate the transfer case fluid.
Contaminated fluid will decrease the life of
the transfer case and/or axles and should be
replaced.
(3) Or every five years, whichever comes
first. See Cooling System 0306. (4)
Or every 10 years, whichever comes first.
Inspect for fraying, excessive cracking,
or damage; replace, if needed.
(5) Replace brake fluid every five years. See
Brake Fluid 0313.
(6) Or every 12 months, whichever comes
first. See Wiper Blade Replacement 0316.
(7) Or every 10 years, whichever comes first.
See Gas Strut(s) 0317.
(8) Replace air conditioning desiccant every
seven years.
Special Application Services
.Severe Commercial Use Vehicles Only:
Lubricate chassis components every oil
change.
.Have underbody flushing service
performed. See "Underbody Maintenance"
in Exterior Care 0364.
Additional Maintenance
and Care
Your vehicle is an important investment and
caring for it properly may help to avoid
future costly repairs. To maintain vehicle
performance, additional maintenance
services may be required.
It is recommended that your dealer perform
these services —their trained dealer
technicians know your vehicle best. Your
dealer can also perform a thorough
assessment with a multi-point inspection to
recommend when your vehicle may need
attention.
The following list is intended to explain the
services and conditions to look for that may
indicate services are required.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - CRC - 12/3/21
Service and Maintenance 381
Battery
The 12-volt battery supplies power to start
the engine and operate any additional
electrical accessories.
.To avoid break-down or failure to start
the vehicle, maintain a battery with full
cranking power.
.Trained dealer technicians have the
diagnostic equipment to test the battery
and ensure that the connections and
cables are corrosion-free.
Belts
.Belts may need replacing if they squeak
or show signs of cracking or splitting.
.Trained dealer technicians have access to
tools and equipment to inspect the belts
and recommend adjustment or
replacement when necessary. Brakes
Brakes stop the vehicle and are crucial to
safe driving.
.Signs of brake wear may include chirping,
grinding, or squealing noises, or difficulty
stopping.
.Trained dealer technicians have access to
tools and equipment to inspect the brakes
and recommend quality parts engineered
for the vehicle.
Fluids
Proper fluid levels and approved fluids
protect the vehicle’s systems and
components. See Recommended Fluids and
Lubricants 0383 for GM approved fluids.
.Engine oil and windshield washer fluid
levels should be checked at every fuel fill.
.Instrument cluster lights may come on to
indicate that fluids may be low and need
to be filled. Hoses
Hoses transport fluids and should be
regularly inspected to ensure that there are
no cracks or leaks. With a multi-point
inspection, your dealer can inspect the hoses
and advise if replacement is needed.
Lamps
Properly working headlamps, taillamps, and
brake lamps are important to see and be
seen on the road.
.Signs that the headlamps need attention
include dimming, failure to light, cracking,
or damage. The brake lamps need to be
checked periodically to ensure that they
light when braking.
.With a multi-point inspection, your dealer
can check the lamps and note any
concerns.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - CRC - 12/3/21
Service and Maintenance 383
Recommended Fluids, Lubricants, and Parts
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants
This maintenance section applies to vehicles with a gasoline engine. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see“Recommended Fluids and Lubricants”
in the Duramax diesel supplement.
Fluids and lubricants identified below by name or specification, including fluids or lubricants not listed here, can be obtained from your dealer.
Usage Fluid/Lubricant
Automatic Transmission DEXRON ULV Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Chassis Lubrication Lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2, Category LB or GC-LB.Engine Coolant 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and use only DEX-COOL Coolant. See Cooling System
0 306.
Engine Oil Engine oil meeting the dexos1 specification of the proper SAE viscosity grade. ACDelco dexos1 full synthetic is recommended. See Engine Oil0302.
Front Axle (4WD Only) and Rear Axle. See your dealer. Hydraulic Brake System DOT 4 Hydraulic Brake Fluid.
Key Lock Cylinders, Hood Hinges, Body Door
Hinge Pins, Power Assist Steps, Liftgate Hinge, and Fuel Door Hinge Multi-Purpose Lubricant, Superlube. See your dealer.
Transfer Case (4WD Only) See your dealer.
Weatherstrip Conditioning Weatherstrip lubricant. See your dealer. Windshield Washer Automotive windshield washer fluid that meets regional freeze protection requirements.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - CRC - 12/3/21
Customer Information 397
Read the lease carefully, as you may be
charged at the end of the lease for poor
quality repairs.
If a Crash Occurs
If there has been an injury, call emergency
services for help. Do not leave the scene of
a crash until all matters have been taken
care of. Move the vehicle only if its position
puts you in danger, or you are instructed to
move it by a police officer.
Give only the necessary information to
police and other parties involved in the
crash.
For emergency towing seeRoadside
Assistance Program 0393.
Gather the following information:
.Driver name, address, and telephone
number
.Driver license number
.Owner name, address, and telephone
number
.Vehicle license plate number
.Vehicle make, model, and model year
.Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
.Insurance company and policy number
.General description of the damage to the
other vehicle
Choose a reputable repair facility that uses
quality replacement parts. See “Collision
Parts” earlier in this section.
If the airbag has inflated, see What Will You
See after an Airbag Inflates? 064.
Managing the Vehicle Damage Repair
Process
In the event that the vehicle requires
damage repairs, GM recommends that you
take an active role in its repair. If you have
a pre-determined repair facility of choice,
take the vehicle there, or have it towed
there. Specify to the facility that any
required replacement collision parts be
original equipment parts, either new
Genuine GM parts or recycled original GM
parts. Remember, recycled parts will not be
covered by the GM vehicle warranty.
Insurance pays the bill for the repair, but
you must live with the repair. Depending on
your policy limits, your insurance company
may initially value the repair using
aftermarket parts. Discuss this with the
repair professional, and insist on Genuine
GM parts. Remember, if the vehicle is
leased, you may be obligated to have the vehicle repaired with Genuine GM parts,
even if your insurance coverage does not
pay the full cost.
If another party's insurance company is
paying for the repairs, you are not obligated
to accept a repair valuation based on that
insurance company's collision policy repair
limits, as you have no contractual limits
with that company. In such cases, you can
have control of the repair and parts choices
as long as the cost stays within reasonable
limits.
Publication Ordering Information
Service Manuals
Service manuals have the diagnosis and
repair information on the engine,
transmission, axle, suspension, brakes,
electrical system, steering system, body, etc.
Customer Literature
Owner’s manuals are written specifically for
owners and are intended to provide basic
operational information about the vehicle.
The owner’s manual includes the
Maintenance Schedule for all models.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./
Canada/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - CRC - 12/3/21
400 Customer Information
the event you suspect any security incident
impacting your data or the safe operation of
your vehicle, please stop operating your
vehicle and contact your dealer.
Event Data Recorders
This vehicle is equipped with an event data
recorder (EDR). The main purpose of an EDR
is to record, in certain crash or near
crash-like situations, such as an air bag
deployment or hitting a road obstacle, data
that will assist in understanding how a
vehicle’s systems performed. The EDR is
designed to record data related to vehicle
dynamics and safety systems for a short
period of time, typically 30 seconds or less.
The EDR in this vehicle is designed to record
such data as:
.How various systems in your vehicle were
operating;
.Whether or not the driver and passenger
safety belts were buckled/fastened;
.How far (if at all) the driver was
depressing the accelerator and/or brake
pedal; and,
.How fast the vehicle was traveling.
These data can help provide a better
understanding of the circumstances in which
crashes and injuries occur. Note
EDR data are recorded by your vehicle only
if a non-trivial crash situation occurs; no
data are recorded by the EDR under normal
driving conditions and no personal data
(e.g., name, gender, age, and crash location)
are recorded. However, other parties, such
as law enforcement, could combine the EDR
data with the type of personally identifying
data routinely acquired during a crash
investigation.
To read data recorded by an EDR, special
equipment is required, and access to the
vehicle or the EDR is needed. In addition to
the vehicle manufacturer, other parties, such
as law enforcement, that have the special
equipment, can read the information if they
have access to the vehicle or the EDR.
GM will not access these data or share it
with others except: with the consent of the
vehicle owner or, if the vehicle is leased,
with the consent of the lessee; in response
to an official request by police or similar
government office; as part of GM's defense
of litigation through the discovery process;
or, as permitted by law. Data that GM
collects or receives may also be used for GM
research needs or may be made available to
others for research purposes, where a need
is shown and the data is not tied to a
specific vehicle or vehicle owner.
OnStar
If the vehicle is equipped with OnStar and
has an active service plan, additional data
may be collected and transmitted through
the OnStar system. This includes information
about the vehicle’s operation; collisions
involving the vehicle; the use of the vehicle
and its features, including infotainment; and
the location and approximate GPS speed of
the vehicle. Refer to the OnStar Terms and
Conditions and Privacy Statement on the
OnStar website.
See
OnStar Additional Information 0402.
Infotainment System
If the vehicle is equipped with a navigation
system as part of the infotainment system,
use of the system may result in the storage
of destinations, addresses, telephone
numbers, and other trip information. See the
infotainment section for information on
stored data and for deletion instructions.

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - RegulatoryCompliance - 12/3/21
Index 409
IndexA
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Adaptive Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Additional InformationOnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . 380
Adjustments Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Agreements Trademarks and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 185
Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . .187
Air Suspension Four Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
How Does an Airbag Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . 64
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . 64
What Will You See after an AirbagInflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . 63 Airbag System (cont'd)
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Airbags Adding Equipment to the Vehicle . . . . . . . 69
Passenger Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . 69
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Alert Lane Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Rear Cross Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Rear Pedestrian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Antenna
Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Apple CarPlay and Android Auto . . . . . . . . . . 172
Armrest Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - RegulatoryCompliance - 12/3/21
410 Index
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . . . 254
Assistance Systems for Parking andBacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Audio Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Auto Stop Stop/Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Automatic Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Avoiding Untrusted Media Devices . . . . . . . . 155
Axle, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Axle, Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
B
Battery Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . 145
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Battery - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314, 357
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Bluetooth
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167, 168
Bluetooth Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Brake Electric Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Parking, Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Brake Pad Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Pad Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Automatic Emergency (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Reverse Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Braking System Front Pedestrian (FPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Buckle To Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Bulb Replacement Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
California Proposition 65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314, 357, Back Cover
Camera Rear Vision (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Cargo Tie-Downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Charging
Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Check
Engine Light (Malfunction Indicator) . . . . 114

GMC Yukon/Yukon XL/Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Cana-
da/Mexico-15555988) - 2022 - RegulatoryCompliance - 12/3/21
412 Index
DrivingAssistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Characteristics and Towing Tips . . . . . . . . 267
Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Off-Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Dual Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Dynamic Fuel Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
E
Electric Brake Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Electric Parking Brake Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Electrical Equipment, Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Electrical System Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . 320
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Electrical System (cont'd)
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . 326
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Check Light (Malfunction Indicator) . . . . . 114
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Coolant Temperature Warning Light . . . . 119
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Oil Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Engine Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Extended Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . . . .145
F
Fan
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Floor Console Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . 254
Four Corner Air Suspension Light . . . . . . . . 120
Four Corner Air Suspension System . . . . . . 227
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Drive Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Drive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215