
Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
14637844) - 2021 - CRC - 3/26/21
310 Vehicle Care
The jump start positive (+) terminal (4) and
negative (-) terminal (3) are on the battery
of the vehicle providing the jump start.
The positive jump start connection for the
discharged battery is under a cover. Remove
the cover to expose the terminal.1. Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground
system.
Caution
If the other vehicle does not have a
12-volt system with a negative ground,
both vehicles can be damaged. Only use
a vehicle that has a 12-volt system with a
negative ground for jump starting.
2. Position the two vehicles so that they are not touching.
3. Set the parking brake firmly and put the shift lever in P (Park) with an automatic
transmission, or Neutral with a manual
transmission. See Shifting Into Park
0 206.
Caution
If any accessories are left on or plugged
in during the jump starting procedure,
they could be damaged. The repairs
would not be covered by the vehicle
warranty. Whenever possible, turn off or
unplug all accessories on either vehicle
when jump starting.
4. Turn the ignition off. Turn off all lights and accessories in both vehicles, except
the hazard warning flashers if needed.
{Warning
An electric fan can start up even when
the engine is not running and can injure
you. Keep hands, clothing, and tools
away from any underhood electric fan.
{Warning
Using a match near a battery can cause
battery gas to explode. People have been
hurt doing this, and some have been
blinded. Use a flashlight if you need
more light.
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
Battery fluid contains acid that can burn
you. Do not get it on you. If you
accidentally get it in your eyes or on
your skin, flush the place with water and
get medical help immediately.
{Warning
Fans or other moving engine parts can
injure you badly. Keep your hands away
from moving parts once the engine is
running.
5. Connect one end of the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal on the
discharged battery.
6. Connect the other end of the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+)
terminal of the good battery.
7. Connect one end of the black negative (–) cable to the negative (–)
terminal of the good battery.
8. Connect the other end of the black negative (–) cable to the remote
negative (–) terminal for the discharged
battery.

Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
14637844) - 2021 - CRC - 3/26/21
Vehicle Care 319
Vinyl/Rubber
If equipped with vinyl floor and rubber floor
mats, use a soft cloth and/or brush
dampened with water to remove dust and
loose dirt. For more thorough cleaning, use
a mild soap and water solution.
{Warning
Do not use cleaners that contain silicone,
wax-based products, or cleaners that
increase gloss on vinyl/rubber floor and
mats. These cleaners can permanently
change the appearance and feel of the
vinyl/rubber and can make the floor
slippery. Your foot could slip while
operating the vehicle, and you could lose
control, resulting in a crash. You or
others could be injured.
Fabric/Carpet/Suede
Start by vacuuming the surface using a soft
brush attachment. If a rotating vacuum
brush attachment is being used, only use it
on the floor carpet. Before cleaning, gently
remove as much of the soil as possible:
.Gently blot liquids with a paper towel.
Continue blotting until no more soil can
be removed.
.For solid soils, remove as much as
possible prior to vacuuming.
To clean: 1. Saturate a clean, lint-free colorfast cloth with water. Microfiber cloth is
recommended to prevent lint transfer to
the fabric or carpet.
2. Remove excess moisture by gently wringing until water does not drip from
the cleaning cloth.
3. Start on the outside edge of the soil and gently rub toward the center. Fold the
cleaning cloth to a clean area frequently
to prevent forcing the soil into the
fabric.
4. Continue gently rubbing the soiled area until there is no longer any color
transfer from the soil to the cleaning
cloth.
5. If the soil is not completely removed, use a mild soap solution followed only
by plain water.
If the soil is not completely removed, it may
be necessary to use a commercial upholstery
cleaner or spot lifter. Test a small hidden
area for colorfastness before using a commercial upholstery cleaner or spot lifter.
If ring formation occurs, clean the entire
fabric or carpet.
After cleaning, use a paper towel to blot
excess moisture.
Cleaning High Gloss Surfaces and Vehicle
Information and Radio Displays
Use a microfiber cloth on high gloss surfaces
or vehicle displays. First, use a soft bristle
brush to remove dirt that can scratch the
surface. Then gently clean by rubbing with a
microfiber cloth. Never use window cleaners
or solvents. Periodically hand wash the
microfiber cloth separately, using mild soap.
Do not use bleach or fabric softener. Rinse
thoroughly and air dry before next use.
Caution
Do not attach a device with a suction cup
to the display. This may cause damage
and would not be covered by the vehicle
warranty.

Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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320 Vehicle Care
Instrument Panel, Leather, Vinyl, Other
Plastic Surfaces, Low Gloss Paint
Surfaces, and Natural Open Pore Wood
Surfaces
Use a soft bristle brush to remove dust from
knobs and crevices on the instrument
cluster. Use a soft microfiber cloth
dampened with water to remove dust and
loose dirt. For a more thorough cleaning,
use a soft microfiber cloth dampened with a
mild soap and water solution.
Caution
Soaking or saturating leather, especially
perforated leather, as well as other
interior surfaces, may cause permanent
damage. Wipe excess moisture from
these surfaces after cleaning and allow
them to dry naturally. Never use heat,
steam, or spot removers. Do not use
liquids that contain alcohol or solvents on
leather seats. Do not use cleaners that
contain silicone or wax-based products.
Cleaners containing these solvents can
permanently change the appearance and
feel of leather or soft trim, and are not
recommended.Do not use cleaners that increase gloss,
especially on the instrument panel. Reflected
glare can decrease visibility through the
windshield under certain conditions.
Caution
Use of air fresheners may cause
permanent damage to plastics and
painted surfaces. If an air freshener
comes in contact with any plastic or
painted surface in the vehicle, blot
immediately and clean with a soft cloth
dampened with a mild soap solution.
Damage caused by air fresheners would
not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
Cargo Cover and Convenience Net
If equipped, wash with warm water and
mild detergent. Do not use chlorine bleach.
Rinse with cold water, and then dry
completely.
Care of Seat Belts
Keep belts clean and dry.
{Warning
Do not bleach or dye seat belt webbing.
It may severely weaken the webbing. In
a crash, they might not be able to
provide adequate protection. Clean and
rinse seat belt webbing only with mild
soap and lukewarm water. Allow the
webbing to dry.
Floor Mats
{Warning
If a floor mat is the wrong size or is not
properly installed, it can interfere with
the pedals. Interference with the pedals
can cause unintended acceleration and/or
increased stopping distance which can
cause a crash and injury. Make sure the
floor mat does not interfere with the
pedals.

Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
14637844) - 2021 - CRC - 3/26/21
Vehicle Care 321
Use the following guidelines for proper floor
mat usage.
.The original equipment floor mats were
designed for your vehicle. If the floor
mats need replacing, it is recommended
that GM certified floor mats be
purchased. Non-GM floor mats may not
fit properly and may interfere with the
accelerator or brake pedal. Always check
that the floor mats do not interfere with
the pedals.
.Do not use a floor mat if the vehicle is
not equipped with a floor mat retainer on
the driver side floor.
.Use the floor mat with the correct side
up. Do not turn it over.
.Do not place anything on top of the
driver side floor mat.
.Use only a single floor mat on the
driver side.
.Do not place one floor mat on top of
another.
Button Retainer
Some vehicles have floor mats with a
button-type retainer.
Removing and Replacing the Floor Mat1. Pull up on the rear of the mat to unlock and remove.
2. Reinstall the floor mat by lining up the floor mat opening over the carpet
retainer and snapping into position.
3. Make sure the floor mat is properly secured. Verify the floor mat does not
interfere with the pedals.
Cleaning Rubber Floor Mats (All-Weather
Mats and Floor Liners)
{Warning
Do not use cleaners that contain silicone,
wax-based products, or cleaners that
increase gloss on rubber floor mats/liners.
These cleaners can permanently change
the appearance and feel of the rubber
and can make the floor mats/liners
slippery. Your foot could slip while
operating the vehicle, and you could lose
control, resulting in a crash. You or
others could be injured.
Use a soft cloth and/or a brush dampened
with water to remove dust and loose dirt.
For more thorough cleaning, use a mild soap
solution.

Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
14637844) - 2021 - CRC - 3/26/21
Service and Maintenance 323
Because of the way people use vehicles,
maintenance needs vary. There may need to
be more frequent checks and services. The
Additional Required Services - Normal are for
vehicles that:
.Carry passengers and cargo within
recommended limits on the Tire and
Loading Information label. SeeVehicle
Load Limits 0198.
.Are driven on reasonable road surfaces
within legal driving limits.
.Use the recommended fuel. See
Recommended Fuel 0241.
Refer to the information in the Maintenance
Schedule Additional Required Services -
Normal chart.
The Additional Required Services - Severe are
for vehicles that are:
.Mainly driven in heavy city traffic in hot
weather.
.Mainly driven in hilly or mountainous
terrain.
.Frequently towing a trailer.
.Used for high speed or competitive
driving.
.Used for taxi, police, or delivery service. Refer to the information in the Maintenance
Schedule Additional Required Services -
Severe chart.
{Warning
Performing maintenance work can be
dangerous and can cause serious injury.
Perform maintenance work only if the
required information, proper tools, and
equipment are available. If they are not,
see your dealer to have a trained
technician do the work. See
Doing Your
Own Service Work 0257.
Maintenance Schedule
Owner Checks and Services
Check the engine oil level. See Engine Oil
0 260.
Once a Month
.Check the tire inflation pressures. See Tire
Pressure 0290.
.Inspect the tires for wear. See Tire
Inspection 0296.
.Check the windshield washer fluid level.
See Washer Fluid 0268.
Engine Oil Change
When the CHANGE ENGINE OIL SOON
message displays, have the engine oil and
filter changed within the next 1 000 km/
600 mi. If driven under the best conditions,
the engine oil life system may not indicate
the need for vehicle service for up to a year.
The engine oil and filter must be changed at
least once a year and the oil life system
must be reset. Your trained dealer technician
can perform this work. If the engine oil life
system is reset accidentally, service the
vehicle within 5 000 km/3,000 mi since the
last service. Reset the oil life system when
the oil is changed. See Engine Oil Life
System 0262.
Engine Air Filter Change
When the REPLACE AT NEXT OIL CHANGE
message displays, the engine air filter
should be replaced at the next engine oil
change. When the REPLACE ENGINE AIR
FILTER SOON message displays, the engine
air filter should be replaced at the earliest
convenience. Reset the engine air filter life
system after the engine air filter is replaced.
See Engine Air Filter Life System 0263.

Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
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Index 357
IndexA
Accessories and Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Adaptive Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Additional InformationOnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . 328
Adjustments Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Agreements Trademarks and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 186
Air Filter Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . .187
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
How Does an Airbag Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . 59
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . 59
What Will You See after an AirbagInflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . 58
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Airbags
Adding Equipment to the Vehicle . . . . . . . 64
Passenger Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . 64
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Alarm
Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Alert Lane Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211, 271
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Antenna Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Apple CarPlay and Android Auto . . . . . . . . . 164
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . . . 232
Assistance Systems for Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Audio Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

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358 Index
Auto StopStop/Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Automatic Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Emergency Braking (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Auxiliary Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Avoiding Untrusted Media Devices . . . . . . . .138
B
Battery Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . 128
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Battery - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . 270, 309
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Bluetooth Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Bluetooth Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Brake Parking, Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Brakes (cont'd)
Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Automatic Emergency (AEB) . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Braking System
Front Pedestrian (FPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Buckle To Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Bulb Replacement Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal, and
Sidemarker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
High Intensity Discharge (HID)
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
California Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
California Proposition
65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256, 270, 309, Back CoverCanadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Carbon Monoxide
Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Cargo
Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Charging Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Check Engine Light (Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Child Restraints Infants and Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Lower Anchors and Tethers forChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Cleaning
Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

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Index 359
Climate Control SystemsDual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 99
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Compartments Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Connected Services Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Connections Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Control Traction and Electronic Stability . . . . . . . 214
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Controls Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Coolant Engine Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 186
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . 343 Coverage Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Cruise Control, Adaptive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Customer Information Publications Ordering Information . . . . . 345
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . 338
Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Data Collection Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Database Coverage Explanations . . . . . . . . . .154
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Diagnostics Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Door
Ajar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Drive Systems All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211, 271
Driver Teen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Driver Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Driver Information Center (DIC) . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Driver Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Driving
Assistance Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Better Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Characteristics and Towing Tips . . . . . . . . 244
Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Off-Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196