2021 CADILLAC CT4 Chil lock

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
DRIVING AND OPERATING 251
Ending Cruise Control
There are four ways to end cruise
control:
.Step lightly on the brake pedal.
.Press*.
.Shift the transmission to
N (Neutral).
.PressJ.
Erasing Speed Memory
The cruise control set speed is erased
from memory if
Jis pressed or if the
ignition is turned off.
Adaptive Cruise Control
(Advanced)
If equipped, Adaptive Cruise Control
(ACC) allows the cruise control set
speed and following gap to be
selected. Read this entire section
before using this system. The
following gap is the following time
between your vehicle and a vehicle
detected directly ahead in your path,
moving in the same direction. If no
vehicle is detected in your path, ACC works like regular cruise control. ACC
uses camera and radar sensors. See
Radio Frequency Statement
0409.
If a vehicle is detected in your path,
ACC can speed up the vehicle or apply
limited, moderate braking to maintain
the selected following gap. To
disengage ACC, apply the brake. If the
Traction Control System (TCS) or
StabiliTrak/Electronic Stability Control
(ESC) system activates while ACC is
engaged, ACC may automatically
disengage. See Traction Control/
Electronic Stability Control 0239. When
road conditions allow ACC to be safely
used, ACC can be turned back on. ACC
will not engage if the TCS or
StabiliTrak/ESC electronic stability
control system is disabled.
ACC can reduce the need for you to
frequently brake and accelerate,
especially when used on expressways,
freeways, and interstate highways.
When used on other roads, you may
need to take over the control of
braking or acceleration more often.
{Warning
ACC has limited braking ability and
may not have time to slow the
vehicle down enough to avoid a
collision with another vehicle you
are following. This can occur when
vehicles suddenly slow or stop
ahead, or enter your lane. Also see
“Alerting the Driver” in this section.
Complete attention is always
required while driving and you
should be ready to take action and
apply the brakes. See Defensive
Driving 0204.
{Warning
ACC will not detect or brake for
children, pedestrians, animals,
or other objects.
Do not use ACC when:
.On winding and hilly roads or
when the sensors are blocked by
snow, ice, or dirt. The system
(Continued)

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
276 DRIVING AND OPERATING
Warning (Continued)
when driving may result in injury,
death, or vehicle damage. See
Defensive Driving0204.
Under many conditions, these
systems will not:
.Detect children, pedestrians,
bicyclists, or animals.
.Detect vehicles or objects outside
the area monitored by the
system.
.Work at all driving speeds.
.Warn you or provide you with
enough time to avoid a crash.
.Work under poor visibility or bad
weather conditions.
.Work if the detection sensor is
not cleaned or is covered by ice,
snow, mud, or dirt.
.Work if the detection sensor is
covered up, such as with a
sticker, magnet, or metal plate. (Continued)
Warning (Continued)
.Work if the detection sensor
viewing zone is interrupted by an
installed accessory, such as a
bike rack, or hitch mounted
cargo carrier.
.Work if the area surrounding the
detection sensor is damaged or
not properly repaired.
Complete attention is always
required while driving, and you
should be ready to take action and
apply the brakes and/or steer the
vehicle to avoid crashes.
Audible or Safety Alert Seat
Some driver assistance features alert
the driver of obstacles by beeping. To
change the volume of the warning
chime, see “Comfort and Convenience ”
under Vehicle Personalization 0117.
If equipped with the Safety Alert Seat,
the driver seat cushion may provide a
vibrating pulse alert instead of
beeping. To change this, see
“Collision/Detection Systems” under
Vehicle Personalization 0117. Cleaning
Depending on vehicle options, keep
these areas of the vehicle clean to
ensure the best driver assistance
feature performance. Driver
Information Center (DIC) messages
may display when the systems are
unavailable or blocked.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
DRIVING AND OPERATING 279
Touching the button multiple times
will toggle between forward and
rearward views. Rear Pedestrian Alert,
Park Assist, and RCTA are not
available when Side Forward/Rearward
view is active.
Guidance Lines :Displays available
guidelines. The horizontal markings
represent distance from the vehicle.
Top Down View : Displays an image
of the area surrounding the vehicle,
along with other views in the
infotainment display. Top Down can
be enabled or disabled by pressing the
Top Down View button multiple
times.
Park Assist
The vehicle may be equipped with the
Rear Park Assist (RPA) and Front Park
Assist (FPA). The Park Assist system
may provide assistance to driver when
backing up and parking. Park Assist
uses ultrasonic sensors in the
bumpers to measure the distance
between the vehicle and objects. The
system calculates the distance
between vehicle and object via
measuring the time it takes for the
ultrasonic waves to bounce back from the object. Park Assist works only at
speeds up to about 11 Km/h (7 mph).
An illuminated LED in the parking
assist button indicates that the
system is ready to operate. The
sensors on the bumpers may detect
objects up to 1.8m (6 ft) behind and
1.25m (4 ft) in front of the vehicle
within a zone 25 cm (10 in) high off
the ground and below bumper level.
These detection distances may be
shorter during warmer or humid
weather. Blocked sensors will not
detect objects and can also cause false
detections. Keep the sensors clean of
mud, dirt, snow, ice, and slush; and
clean sensors after a car wash in
freezing temperatures.
{Warning
The Park Assist System is no
substitute for careful and attentive
driving. The Park Assist system
does not detect children,
pedestrians, bicyclists, animals,
or objects located below the
bumper or that are too close or too
far from the vehicle. It is not
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
available at speeds greater than
11 km/h (7 mph). To prevent injury,
death, or vehicle damage, even with
Park Assist, always check the area
around the vehicle and check all
mirrors before moving forward or
backing.
How the System Works
The instrument cluster may have a
Park Assist display with bars that
show“distance to object,” driving
direction, and object location
information for the Park Assist
system. As the object gets closer, more
bars light up and the bars change
color from yellow to amber to red.

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
282 DRIVING AND OPERATING
Use caution while backing up when
towing a trailer, as the RCTA
detection zones that extend out from
the back of the vehicle do not move
further back when a trailer is towed.
SeeRadio Frequency Statement 0409.
Turning the Features On or Off
TouchXon the center stack to turn
on or off the Front and Rear Park
Assist, Reverse Automatic Braking
(RAB), and the Backing Warning
System at the same time. The
indicator light next to the button
comes on when the features are on
and turns off when the features have
been disabled.
Turn off Park Assist, RCTA, and RAB
when towing a trailer.
To turn the RPA symbols or guidance
lines (on some models) on or off, see
“Rear Camera Park Assist Symbols”
under Vehicle Personalization 0117.
RCTA can also be turned on or off
through vehicle personalization. See
“Collision/Detection Systems” under
Vehicle Personalization 0117.
Rear Pedestrian Alert
Under certain conditions, this feature
can provide alerts for a pedestrian
within the system’s range directly
behind the vehicle. This feature only
works in R (Reverse) below 12 km/h
(8 mph), and detects pedestrians up to
8 m (26 ft) away during daytime
driving. During nighttime driving,
feature performance is very limited.
Rear Pedestrian Alert Indicator
When a pedestrian is detected within
the system’s range directly behind the
vehicle, this symbol flashes amber on
the infotainment display, along with
two beeps from the rear, or if
equipped, two pulses from both sides
of the driver seat. When a pedestrian
is detected close to the vehicle, the
symbol flashes red on the
infotainment display, along with seven beeps from the rear, or if equipped,
seven pulses from both sides of the
driver seat.
{Warning
Rear Pedestrian Alert does not
automatically brake the vehicle.
It also does not provide an alert
unless it detects a pedestrian, and it
may not detect all pedestrians if:
.The pedestrian is not directly
behind the vehicle, fully visible
to the Rear Vision Camera (RVC),
or standing upright.
.The pedestrian is part of a group.
.The pedestrian is a child.
.Visibility is poor, including
nighttime conditions, fog, rain,
or snow.
.The RVC is blocked by dirt, snow,
or ice.
.The RVC, taillamps, or back-up
lamps are not cleaned or in
proper working condition.
.The vehicle is not in R (Reverse).
(Continued)

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 12/4/20
DRIVING AND OPERATING 287
AEB and IBA can be disabled through
vehicle personalization. See“Collision/
Detection Systems” underVehicle
Personalization 0117.
{Warning
Using AEB or IBA while towing a
trailer could cause you to lose
control of the vehicle and crash.
Turn the system to Alert, or if the
vehicle has ACC to Off, when
towing a trailer.
A system unavailable message may
display if:
.The front of the vehicle or
windshield is not clean.
.Heavy rain or snow is interfering
with object detection.
.There is a problem with the
StabiliTrak/Electronic Stability
Control (ESC) system.
The AEB system does not need
service.
Front Pedestrian Braking
(FPB) System
If equipped, the FPB system may help
avoid or reduce the harm caused by
front-end crashes with nearby
pedestrians when driving in a forward
gear. FPB displays an amber indicator,
~, when a nearby pedestrian is
detected ahead. When approaching a
detected pedestrian too quickly, FPB
provides a red flashing alert on the
windshield and rapidly beeps or pulses
the driver seat. FPB can provide a
boost to braking or automatically
brake the vehicle. This system
includes Intelligent Brake Assist (IBA),
and the Automatic Emergency Braking
(AEB) System may also respond to
pedestrians. See Automatic Emergency
Braking (AEB) 0285.
The FPB system can detect and alert
to pedestrians in a forward gear at
speeds between 8 km/h (5 mph) and
80 km/h (50 mph). During daytime
driving, the system detects
pedestrians up to a distance of
approximately 40 m (131 ft). During
nighttime driving, system performance
is very limited. If the vehicle is equipped with the Night Vision
system, during nighttime driving, the
vehicle can detect and alert to
pedestrians whenever in a
forward gear.
{Warning
FPB does not provide an alert or
automatically brake the vehicle,
unless it detects a pedestrian. FPB
may not detect pedestrians,
including children:
.When the pedestrian is not
directly ahead, fully visible,
or standing upright, or when part
of a group.
.Due to poor visibility, including
nighttime conditions, fog, rain,
or snow.
.If the FPB sensor is blocked by
dirt, snow, or ice.
.If the headlamps or windshield
are not cleaned or in proper
condition.
(Continued)

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
INDEX 423
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
ChargingWireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Check Engine Light (MalfunctionIndicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Child Restraints Infants and Young Children . . . . . . . 60
Lower Anchors and Tethersfor Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 74
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Climate Control Systems Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 90
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Compartments Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Competitive Driving Mode . . . . . . . . . 246
Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Compressor Kit, Tire Sealant . . . . . . . 360
Connected Services
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Connections Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Control Traction and ElectronicStability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Controls
Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Coolant Engine Temperature Gauge . . . 94, 95
Engine Temperature Warning
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Cornering Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Coverage Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Cruise Control, Adaptive . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Cruise Control, Super . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Cupholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . . . 402
Customer Information Publications Ordering
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . . . . . 2
Data Collection Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Database Coverage Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . 128
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Diagnostics Connected Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Differential, Limited-Slip . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
426 INDEX
Headlamps (cont'd)High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . 128
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Heated Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Heated and Ventilated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Heater Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
High-Speed Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . 212
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . 42
HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
I
If the System Needs Service . . . . . . . 163
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Indicator Pedestrian Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Infants and Young Children,
Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Information Publication Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 90
Instrument Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 134
J
Jump Starting - North America . . . . 366
K
Keyless Entry Remote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Lamps
Cornering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . 128
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . . 128
Exterior Lighting BatterySaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Lamps (cont'd)
Front Turn Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Malfunction Indicator (Check
Engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Lane Change Alert (LCA) . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Lane Keep Assist (LKA) . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Lane Keep Assist Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
LATCH System Replacing Parts after a Crash . . . . . 72
LATCH, Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
LED Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Light Performance Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Lighting Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Lights Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Antilock Brake System (ABS)Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Automatic Vehicle Hold . . . . . . . . . . 101
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Cadillac CT4 Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-14584335) -
2021 - CRC - 11/23/20
INDEX 427
Lights (cont'd)Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Check Engine (Malfunction
Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Driver Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Engine Coolant Temperature Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . 128
Lane Keep Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Seat Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Service Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
StabiliTrak OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Traction Control System
(TCS)/StabiliTrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Traction Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Limited-Slip Differential . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Locks
Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Low-Profile Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH System) . . . . . . . . . 65
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Maintenance and Care Additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . . . . . 97
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 235
Map Data Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Massage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Media
Avoiding Untrusted Devices . . . . . 145
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Messages Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Mirrors Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Automatic Dimming Rearview . . . . 26
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tilt in Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mirrors, Interior Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Driver Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Monitor System, Tire Pressure . . . . . 348
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145