2019 VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE overheating

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STARTING AND DRIVING
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CAUTION
When starting in cold weather, the auto-matic transmission may shift up at slightlyhigher engine speeds than normal untilthe automatic transmission fluid reachesnormal operating temperature.
Do not race a cold engine immediatelyafter starting. This could prevent fluidsfrom properly lubricating vital compo-nents in the engine before it has reachedthe proper operating temperature.
The engine should be idling when thegear selector is moved. Never accelerateuntil the gear is fully engaged. Accelerat-ing rapidly before a gear is properlyengaged could lead to harder wear ofcomponents.
To help prevent the transmission oil fromoverheating, select P or N when idling ata standstill for prolonged periods of time.

Related information
Switching off the vehicle (p. 428)
Ignition modes (p. 429)
Adjusting the steering wheel (p. 193)
Jump starting using another battery (p. 466)
Selecting ignition mode (p. 430)
Switching off the vehicle
The vehicle can be switched off using the startknob in the tunnel console.
Start knob in the tunnel console.
To switch off the vehicle:
–Turn the start knob clockwise and release toswitch off the vehicle. The control will auto-matically return to the original position.
If the vehicle rolls:
–Turn clockwise and hold the knob until thevehicle switches off.

Related information
Starting the vehicle (p. 426)
Ignition modes (p. 429)
Adjusting the steering wheel (p. 193)
Jump starting using another battery (p. 466)
Selecting ignition mode (p. 430)

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.440
Transmission
The transmission is part of the vehicle's driveline(power transmission) between the engine andthe drive wheels. The function of the transmis-sion is to change gears depending on speedand power needs.
The vehicle has an 8-speed automatic transmis-sion and an electric motor for rear-wheel drive.The number of gears allows the engine's torqueand power band to be effectively utilized. Two ofthe gears are overdrive gears that save fuel whendriving at a constant engine speed. The steeringwheel paddles* can be used to shift up or downmanually. The instrument panel shows the gearcurrently in use.

CAUTION
Check the operating temperature of thetransmission to help avoid damage to any ofthe drive system components. If there is a riskof overheating, a warning symbol will appearin the instrument panel and a text messagewill be displayed. Follow the recommenda-tions given.

Symbols in the instrument panel
If a problem should occur with the transmission, asymbol and a message will appear in the instru-ment panel.
Symbol Meaning
Information and messages relatedto the transmission. Follow the rec-ommendations provided.
Hot or overheated transmission.Follow the recommendations provi-ded.
Reduced performance/Acceler-ation performance reduced
In the event of a temporary fault inthe driveline, the vehicle may gointo a "limp home" mode withreduced power output to help avoiddamage to the driveline.
Related information
Gear selector positions for automatic trans-missions (p. 440)
Gear selector positions forautomatic transmissions
In vehicles with an automatic transmission, thesystem selects the optimal gear for the currentdriving conditions. The transmission also has amanual mode.
The instrument panel shows which gear is cur-rently in use:
P, R, N, D or B.
For manual shifting, the gear indicator in theinstrument panel displays the gear currentlybeing used (1-8).

Selecting gears
The gear selector is a shift-by-wire selector,where shifting is done electronically instead ofmechanically. This makes shifting easier and thegear positions more distinct.

STARTING AND DRIVING
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The kickdown function
Kickdown is used when maximum acceleration isneeded, e.g. when passing.
When the accelerator pedal is depressed all theway to the floor (past the normal full acceleratorposition), the transmission will automaticallyengage kickdown, i.e. immediately shift down to alower gear.
If the accelerator pedal is released from the kick-down position, the transmission will automaticallyshift up again.

Safety function
The transmission control module is equipped witha downshift protection feature to help prevent theengine from overheating.
In some conditions, the transmission will preventdownshifting/kickdown if this would lead to suchhigh engine speed (rpm) that the engine couldbe damaged. If the driver still attempts downshift-ing or kickdown at a high rpm, nothing will hap-pen and the original gear will remain selected.
With kickdown, the vehicle can downshift one ormore steps at a time depending on the enginespeed. The vehicle upshifts when the engine rea-ches its maximum rpm to prevent engine dam-age.

Related information
Gear selector positions for automatic trans-missions (p. 440)
All Wheel Drive (AWD)
All-wheel drive, All Wheel Drive (AWD), alsocalled four-wheel drive, means that power is dis-tributed to all four wheels, which improves trac-tion.
The electric motor that powers the rear wheelsenables electronic all-wheel drive functionality.All-wheel drive reacts differently depending onwhich drive mode is selected.
Related information
Drive modes (p. 446)
Transmission (p. 440)
Drive systems
Volvo Twin Engine combines a combustionengine for the front wheels and an electric motorfor the rear wheels.
Two drive systems
Depending on the selected drive mode andpower available in the electric motor, the drivesystems can either be used separately or in tan-dem.
The electric motor gets its energy from a hybridbattery located under the tunnel console. Thehybrid can be charged from a wall outlet or in aspecial charging station. The combustion enginecan also charge the hybrid battery using a specialhigh-voltage generator.
Both the combustion engine and the electricmotor can generate power directly to the wheels.An advanced control system coordinates both thedrive systems to help optimize driving economy.

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STARTING AND DRIVING
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WARNING
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, colorless,and odorless gas. It is present in all exhaustgases. If you ever smell exhaust fumes insidethe vehicle, make sure the passenger com-partment is ventilated, and immediately returnthe vehicle to a trained and qualified Volvoservice technician for correction.

Demanding driving
In demanding driving conditions, such as whentowing a trailer or driving in hot weather or forprolonged periods at high altitudes, it may be a
good idea to switch to a higher-octane fuel (AKI5
91 or higher) or to switch to another brand ofgasoline in order to fully utilize the vehicle'sengine capacity and optimize traction.

Related information
Fuel (p. 461)
Emission controls (p. 464)
Emission controls
Three-way catalytic converter
Keep your engine properly tuned. Certainengine malfunctions, particularly involving theelectrical, fuel or distributor ignition systems,may cause unusually high three-way catalyticconverter temperatures. Do not continue tooperate your vehicle if you detect enginemisfire, noticeable loss of power or otherunusual operating conditions, such as engineoverheating or backfiring. A properly tunedengine will help avoid malfunctions thatcould damage the three-way catalytic con-verter.
Do not park your vehicle over combustiblematerials, such as grass or leaves, which cancome into contact with the hot exhaust sys-tem and cause such materials to ignite undercertain wind and weather conditions.
Excessive starter cranking (in excess of oneminute), or an intermittently firing or floodedengine can cause three-way catalytic con-verter or exhaust system overheating.
Remember that tampering or unauthorizedmodifications to the engine, the Engine Con-trol Module, or the vehicle may be illegal andcan cause three-way catalytic converter orexhaust system overheating. This includes:altering fuel injection settings or compo-nents, altering emission system components
or location or removing components, and/orrepeated use of leaded fuel.

NOTE
Unleaded fuel is required for vehicles withthree-way catalytic converters.

Heated oxygen sensors
The heated oxygen sensors monitor the oxygencontent of the exhaust gases. Readings are fedinto a control module that continuously monitorsengine functions and controls fuel injection. Theratio of fuel to air into the engine is continuouslyadjusted for efficient combustion to help reduceharmful emissions.

Related information
Octane rating (p. 462)
Fuel (p. 461)
5AKI (Anti Knock Index) is an average value of RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) - (RON)+(MON)/2

STARTING AND DRIVING
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Overheating of engine andtransmission
In demanding driving conditions, such as drivingin mountainous areas or hot weather, there is arisk of the engine or transmission overheating,especially when carrying heavy loads.
Engine power may be temporarily limited.
Remove any auxiliary lights mounted in frontof the grille when driving in hot weather.
If the temperature in the engine's coolingsystem becomes too high, a warning symbolwill appear in the instrument panel along withthe message Engine temperature Hightemperature Stop safely. Pull over to asafe location and let the engine idle for a fewminutes to cool down.
If the message Engine temperature Hightemperature Turn off engine or Enginecoolant Level low, turn off engine is dis-played, stop the vehicle and turn off theengine.
If the transmission begins to overheat, analternative gear shifting program will beselected. An integrated protective functionwill also be activated, the warning symbol willilluminate and the message Transmissionwarm Reduce speed to lowertemperature or Transmission hot Stopsafely, wait for cooling will be displayed inthe instrument panel. Follow the recommen-dations given by reducing speed or stopping
the vehicle safely and letting the engine idlefor a few minutes to let the transmissioncool.
If the vehicle begins to overheat, the air con-ditioning may be temporarily switched off.
After a prolonged period of driving indemanding conditions, do not turn off theengine immediately after stopping.

NOTE
It is normal for the engine's cooling fan tooperate for a short time after the engine isswitched off.

Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol Meaning
High engine temperature. Followthe recommendations provided.
Low coolant level. Follow the rec-ommendations provided.
Transmission hot/overheated/cool-ing. Follow the recommendationsprovided.
Related information
Refilling coolant (p. 599)
Preparing for a long trip (p. 457)

WHEELS AND TIRES
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3.Make sure the switch is in the 0 (Off) posi-tion and take out the electric cable and thehose.
4.Unscrew the orange cover on the compres-sor and unscrew the cap on the sealing com-pound bottle.
5.Screw the bottle onto the bottle holder as faras possible.
The bottle and the bottle holder are equip-ped with catches to help prevent the sealingcompound from leaking. Once the bottle isscrewed into place into the bottle holder, itcannot be unscrewed. The bottle can only beremoved by a workshop. Volvo recommendsan authorized Volvo workshop.

WARNING
Do not unscrew the bottle. It is equipped witha catch to prevent leakage.
6. Unscrew the tire's valve cap and screw thehose's valve connector as far as possibleonto the valve.
Be sure the air release valve on the com-pressor's hose is completely closed.
7.Connect the electrical cable to the nearest12 V outlet and start the vehicle.
NOTE
Make sure that none of the vehicle's other12 V sockets are used while the compressoris running.

WARNING
Never leave children unattended in the vehiclewhile the engine is running.

WARNING
Inhaling exhaust fumes could lead to seriousinjury. Never leave the engine running in anenclosed space or a space without sufficientventilation.
8. Start the compressor by moving the switch tothe I (On) position.
WARNING
Never stand next to a tire being inflated withthe compressor. If cracks, bulges, etc. form onthe tire, switch off the compressor immedi-ately. The vehicle should not be driven. Callroadside assistance to have the vehicle towedto a workshop for inspection/replacement ofthe tire. Volvo recommends an authorizedworkshop.

NOTE
When the compressor first starts, air pressuremay temporarily increase up to 6 bar (88 psi)but should decrease again after approxi-mately 30 seconds.
9. Inflate the tire for 7 minutes.

CAUTION
To help avoid overheating, the compressorshould never be used for more than10 minutes at a time.

WHEELS AND TIRES
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The sealing compound bottle must be replacedafter use. Volvo recommends contacting anauthorized Volvo workshop for replacement.

WARNING
After using the tire sealing system, the vehicleshould not be driven farther than approxi-mately 200 km (120 miles).

NOTE
The compressor is an electric device. Followlocal regulations for disposal.

Related information
Recommended tire pressure (p. 551)
Tire sealing system (p. 564)
Inflate tires with the compressor included inthe tire sealing system (p. 569)
Inflate tires with the compressorincluded in the tire sealing system
The vehicle's original tires can be inflated usingthe compressor in the tire sealing system.
1. The compressor must be switched off. Makesure that the switch is in the 0 (Off) positionand take out the electrical cable and thehose.
2. Unscrew the tire's valve cap and screw thehose's valve connector as far as possibleonto the valve.
Be sure the air release valve on the com-pressor's hose is completely closed.
3.Connect the electrical cable to the nearest12 V outlet and start the vehicle.

WARNING
Inhaling exhaust fumes could lead to seriousinjury. Never leave the engine running in anenclosed space or a space without sufficientventilation.

WARNING
Never leave children unattended in the vehiclewhile the engine is running.
4. Start the compressor by moving the switch tothe I (On) position.
CAUTION
Risk of overheating. The compressor shouldnot be running for longer than 10 minutes ata time.
5. Inflate the tire to the pressure specified onthe tire pressure decal on the driver's sidedoor pillar. If the inflation pressure is toohigh, use the air release valve to release air.
6. Switch off the compressor. Remove the hoseand the electrical cable.
7.Screw the valve cap back onto the tire.

NOTE
After inflating a tire, always replace thevalve cap to help prevent valve damagecaused by gravel, dirt, etc.
Use plastic valve caps only. Metal capscould corrode and become difficult toremove.

NOTE
The compressor is an electric device. Followlocal regulations for disposal.

WHEELS AND TIRES
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WARNING
Exceeding the permissible axle weight,gross vehicle weight, or any other weightrating limits can cause tire overheatingresulting in permanent deformation orcatastrophic failure.
Do not use replacement tires with lowerload carrying capacities than the tires thatwere original equipment on the vehiclebecause this will lower the vehicle's GVWrating. Use only tires with the correct loadcarrying capacity. Consult your Volvoretailer for information.

Related information
Loading recommendations (p. 580)