2019 VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE engine

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The kickdown function
Kickdown is used when maximum acceleration isneeded, e.g. when passing.
When the accelerator pedal is depressed all theway to the floor (past the normal full acceleratorposition), the transmission will automaticallyengage kickdown, i.e. immediately shift down to alower gear.
If the accelerator pedal is released from the kick-down position, the transmission will automaticallyshift up again.

Safety function
The transmission control module is equipped witha downshift protection feature to help prevent theengine from overheating.
In some conditions, the transmission will preventdownshifting/kickdown if this would lead to suchhigh engine speed (rpm) that the engine couldbe damaged. If the driver still attempts downshift-ing or kickdown at a high rpm, nothing will hap-pen and the original gear will remain selected.
With kickdown, the vehicle can downshift one ormore steps at a time depending on the enginespeed. The vehicle upshifts when the engine rea-ches its maximum rpm to prevent engine dam-age.

Related information
Gear selector positions for automatic trans-missions (p. 440)
All Wheel Drive (AWD)
All-wheel drive, All Wheel Drive (AWD), alsocalled four-wheel drive, means that power is dis-tributed to all four wheels, which improves trac-tion.
The electric motor that powers the rear wheelsenables electronic all-wheel drive functionality.All-wheel drive reacts differently depending onwhich drive mode is selected.
Related information
Drive modes (p. 446)
Transmission (p. 440)
Drive systems
Volvo Twin Engine combines a combustionengine for the front wheels and an electric motorfor the rear wheels.
Two drive systems
Depending on the selected drive mode andpower available in the electric motor, the drivesystems can either be used separately or in tan-dem.
The electric motor gets its energy from a hybridbattery located under the tunnel console. Thehybrid can be charged from a wall outlet or in aspecial charging station. The combustion enginecan also charge the hybrid battery using a specialhigh-voltage generator.
Both the combustion engine and the electricmotor can generate power directly to the wheels.An advanced control system coordinates both thedrive systems to help optimize driving economy.

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Hybrid battery - The hybrid battery's functionis to store electrical current. This energy isprovided by plugging the charging cable intoan electrical outlet, through regenerativebraking or from the high-voltage generator.This provides current to power the electricmotor and to temporarily power the electricalair conditioning to precondition the passen-ger compartment.
Combustion engine - The combustion enginestarts when the charge level in the hybridbattery is too low to provide the power outputrequested by the driver.
High-voltage generator2 - Charges the hybridbattery. Starter for the combustion engine.
Can provide the combustion engine withextra electrical current.
Electric motor - Powers the vehicle usingelectricity. Can provide extra torque andpower during acceleration. Provides electricalall-wheel drive functionality. Regeneratesbraking energy into electrical current.

Related information
General information about Twin Engine(p. 408)
Starting and stopping the combustion enginein Twin Engine vehicles (p. 445)
Drive modes (p. 446)
Transmission (p. 440)
Factors affecting electric motor range(p. 455)
Starting and stopping thecombustion engine in Twin Enginevehicles
An advanced control system determines the dis-tance that the vehicle can be driven on the com-bustion engine, electric motor, or both at thesame time. When driving on only the electricmotor, the vehicle may automatically start thecombustion engine due to outside circumstan-ces, e.g. low ambient temperatures. This is com-pletely normal. The combustion engine will alsoalways start when the hybrid battery is nearlyfully discharged.

Climate settings at low temperatures
At low ambient temperatures, the combustionengine will sometimes start automatically to helpachieve the desired passenger compartmenttemperature and air quality. The amount of timethe combustion engine is running can be affec-ted by:
lowering the temperature
reducing blower speed
activating Pure drive mode.

Using the electric motor in hot or cold
weather
At very low or high ambient temperatures, theelectric motor's driving range and power may be
2CISG (Crank Integrated Starter Generator) - Combined high-voltage generator and starter.

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reduced and affect how often the combustionengine automatically starts.

Emission control system
To help ensure that the emission control systemfunctions optimally, the combustion engine willrun for several minutes after it is started. Theamount of time the combustion engine needs tobe used varies depending on the temperature ofthe three-way catalytic converter.

WARNING
California Proposition 65
Operating, servicing and maintaining a pas-senger vehicle can expose you to chemicalsincluding engine exhaust, carbon monoxide,phthalates, and lead, which are known to theState of California to cause cancer and birthdefects or other reproductive harm. To mini-mize exposure, avoid breathing exhaust, donot idle the engine except as necessary, serv-ice your vehicle in a well ventilated area andwear gloves or wash your hands frequentlywhen servicing your vehicle. For more infor-mation go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov/passenger-vehicle.

Related information
Drive systems (p. 444)
Economical driving (p. 453)
Using the electric motor only (p. 454)
Drive modes (p. 446)
Drive modes
Drive modes affect the vehicle's driving charac-teristics in different ways to enhance and sim-plify the driving experience in certain types of sit-uations.
Drive modes enable easy access to the vehicle'smany functions and settings in different drivingsituations. The following systems are adapted tohelp optimize driving characteristics in each drivemode:
Steering
Engine/transmission/all-wheel drive
Brakes
Shock absorbers
Instrument panel
Climate control settings
Select the drive mode that is best suited to thecurrent driving conditions. Keep in mind that notall drive modes are available in all situations.
Available drive modes
WARNING
Keep in mind that the vehicle does not emitany engine noise when using the electricmotor and may therefore be difficult to detectfor children, pedestrians, cyclists or animals.This is particularly true at low speeds, e.g. inparking lots.

WARNING
Do not leave the vehicle in an unventilatedarea with a drive mode activated and the com-bustion engine switched off. The engine willstart automatically if the charge level in thehybrid battery is low and the resulting exhaustgases can be very harmful to people and ani-mals.

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HYBRID
This is the default mode in which the electricmotor and combustion engine work together.
The vehicle starts in Hybrid mode. The controlsystem uses both the electric motor and the gas-oline engine - separately or in tandem - and cal-culates optimal utilization with regard to perform-ance, fuel consumption and comfort. Drivingcapacity on the electric motor alone is deter-mined by factors such as the hybrid battery'scharge level, the need for heat/cooling in thepassenger compartment, etc.
If there is sufficient charge in the battery, it ispossible to drive solely on electric power. Whenthe accelerator pedal is pressed, only the electricmotor will be activated until the battery reaches acertain charge level. Above this level, the currentin the battery cannot supply the power requestedby the accelerator pedal and the combustionengine will start.
When the hybrid battery's charge level is low, thecombustion engine will start more frequently tosave the remaining current in the battery. Chargethe hybrid battery from a 120-240 volt outletusing a charging cable, or activate Charge inFunction view to reset the option of only usingthe electric motor.
This drive mode is designed for low energy con-sumption with an optimized mix between theelectric motor and gasoline engine, without com-promising on climate comfort or driving experi-ence. When faster acceleration is requested by
the driver, the electric driveline will be utilized tohelp provide maximum additional power. Thevehicle also monitors the driving conditions andautomatically engages all-wheel drive if neces-sary. All-wheel drive and extra electric power arealways available regardless of the battery'scharging status.

Information in the instrument panel
When driving in Hybrid mode, a hybrid gauge willbe displayed in the instrument panel. The gaugewill indicate the amount of electrical currentrequired when the driver depresses the accelera-tor pedal. The marker between the lightning andthe drop shows how much current is available.
The instrument panel gauge when both the electricmotor and the combustion engine are being used.
The instrument panel also shows howmuch current is being restored to thebattery (regenerated) during light brak-ing.
PURE
Uses the electric motor only, with the lowestpossible energy consumption and carbondioxide emissions.
This drive mode maximizes the use of the hybridbattery. Certain climate system functions arereduced to provide the longest distance usingonly electricity.
Pure mode is available when the hybrid battery issufficiently charged. Even in Pure mode, the com-bustion engine will start if the charge level in thebattery gets too low. The combustion engine willalso start
if the vehicle's speed goes above 125 km/h(78 mph)
if the driver requests more power than theelectric motor can provide
if factors such as cold weather affect thesystem or components.
This drive mode is optimized for maximum drivingdistance with electric propulsion and is primarilyintended for use in city driving. Pure helps pro-vide the lowest possible consumption even whenthe hybrid battery is fully discharged. ECO climateis activated to control the climate in the passen-ger compartment, and in slippery road conditionsslightly more wheel spin may be permitted beforeall-wheel drive is automatically activated.

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ECO Climate
In Pure mode, ECO climate is automatically acti-vated in the passenger compartment to helpreduce energy consumption.

NOTE
When the Pure drive mode is activated, set-tings for certain climate system and electricityconsuming functions are reduced. Some ofthese settings can be reset manually, but fullfunctionality will only be restored by leavingPure mode or adapting the Individual drivemode to full climate system functionality.
If condensation forms on the windows, tap themax defroster button, which will function normally.

AWD
Improves the vehicle's traction and handlingby increasing all-wheel drive.
This drive mode locks the vehicle in all-wheeldrive. An optimal distribution between front andrear axle torque helps provide the best possiblecontrol, stability and traction, e.g. on slipperyroads or when towing a heavy trailer or anothervehicle. The AWD drive mode is always availableregardless of the hybrid battery's charge status.
Both the combustion engine and the electricmotor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,which results in higher fuel consumption.
In the other drive modes, the vehicle automati-cally adapts the need for all-wheel drive accord-ing to the road surface, and can activate the elec-tric motor or start the combustion engine as nee-ded.
POWER
Power mode is designed to provide sportierdriving characteristics and a faster accelera-tion response.
This drive mode maximizes the combined powerfrom the combustion engine and the electricmotor by providing power to both the front andrear wheels. Gear shifting will be faster and moredistinct and the transmission will prioritize gearswith a higher traction force. Steering response isfaster and suspension is stiffer.
Both the combustion engine and the electricmotor are engaged to enable all-wheel drive,which results in higher fuel consumption.
This drive mode is optimized for maximum per-formance and throttle response. It changes thethrottle response, gear shifting program andturbo boost system. Chassis settings and steer-ing and brake response are also optimized. ThePower drive mode is always available regardlessof the hybrid battery's charge status.

INDIVIDUAL
Customizes drive mode to personal preferen-ces.
Select one of the drive modes as a basis andadjust the settings to achieve your preferred driv-ing characteristics. These settings will be storedin your driver profile.
Individual drive mode is only available if it hasbeen activated in the center display.
Settings view3 for Individual drive mode.
1.Tap Settings in the Top view.
3The image is schematic and the details may vary depending on vehicle model or software update.

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2.Tap My CarIndividual Drive Mode andselect Individual Drive Mode.
3.Under Presets, select one of the followingdrive modes as a basis: Pure, Hybrid orPower.
The following settings can be modified:
Driver Display
Steering Force
Powertrain Characteristics
Brake Characteristics
Suspension Control
ECO Climate.

Using the electric or combustion
engine
An advanced control system determines the dis-tance that the vehicle can be driven on the com-bustion engine, electric motor, or both at thesame time.
Its primary function is to use the motor/engineand the current available in the hybrid battery asefficiently as possible based on the characteris-tics of the various drive modes and the poweroutput requested by the driver by pressing theaccelerator pedal.
In certain cases, temporary limitations in the sys-tem or mandatory functions to help maintain alow overall emissions level may result in greateruse of the combustion engine.
Related information
Changing drive mode (p. 449)
Economical driving (p. 453)
Energy distribution in hybrid mode using mapdata* (p. 450)
Hybrid gauge (p. 83)
General information about Twin Engine(p. 408)
Changing drive mode
Select the drive mode that is best suited to thecurrent driving conditions.
The drive mode is changed using the control inthe tunnel console.
Keep in mind that not all drive modes are availa-ble in all situations.
To change drive mode:
1.Press the DRIVE MODE control.
> A pop-up menu will appear in the centerdisplay.
2.Roll the wheel upward or downward to thedesired drive mode.

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3. Press the drive mode control or tap its buttonin the center display to confirm the selection.
> The selected drive mode is shown in theinstrument panel.
If a drive mode is grayed out in the pop-up menu,it cannot be selected.

Related information
Drive modes (p. 446)
Energy distribution in hybrid mode
using map data*
The Hybrid drive mode is the vehicle's defaultdrive mode in which the electric motor and thecombustion engine work separately or togetherin hybrid mode. If a destination has beenselected in the navigation system*, the Predictive
Efficiency4 function can use map data to effec-tively distribute the electric power throughout thetrip.
This can lower fuel consumption in comparisonwith normal hybrid mode, in which the vehicle firstruns on electricity and then switches to the com-bustion engine when the hybrid battery is dis-charged.
If the distance to the destination is greater thanthe calculated range on the electric motor, thefunction will distribute electric power optimally forthe entire trip. This makes it possible to avoid sit-uations in which normal hybrid mode would oth-erwise use a large portion of the electric powerto e.g. use the electric motor at high speeds on ahighway and then use the combustion engine atlower speeds during city driving.
The greatest fuel savings are attained when thetrip begins on a highway, is between 50 and 100km (30 and 60 miles) long, and the hybrid batteryis fully charged at the start of the trip.
Requirements for the function
Certain conditions must be met for the functionto be possible:
A destination must be set in the navigationsystem and the distance to the destinationmust be longer than the possible rangeusing only the electric motor.
Hybrid drive mode must be selected.
The Hold and Charge functions must bedisabled.
The hybrid battery must be charged.

Usage tips
If you commute and it is not possible to chargethe vehicle at work, enter your workplace as awaypoint and your home as the destination. Dis-charging of the hybrid battery will then be distrib-uted over the entire commute to and from work.
Add similar commutes, i.e. the route between twocharges, as Favorites in the navigation system tofacilitate access.

Related information
Drive modes (p. 446)
Economical driving (p. 453)
4Certain markets only.

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Leveling control settings*
Turn off leveling control before lifting the vehiclewith a jack to help avoid problems with thepneumatic suspension.

Center display settings
Disable Leveling Control
In certain situations, this function must be turnedoff, e.g. before the vehicle is raised using a jack*.The level difference caused by raising the vehiclewith a jack could cause problems with the pneu-matic suspension.
Turning off the function in the center display:
1.Tap Settings in the Top view.
2. Tap My CarParking Brake andSuspension.
3.Select Disable Leveling Control.

Related information
Leveling control* and suspension (p. 451)
Loading recommendations (p. 580)
Economical driving
Drive economically and more environmentallyconscious by thinking ahead, avoiding rapidstarts and stops and adapting driving style andspeed to the current traffic conditions.
To help achieve the greatest distance with thelowest fuel consumption with Twin Engine,observe the following:
Charge
Charge the vehicle regularly by plugging itinto an electrical outlet. Make it a habit toalways begin trips with the hybrid battery fullycharged.
Locate charging stations along your route.
If possible, choose parking spots with charg-ing stations.

NOTE
Charge the vehicle from the electricity grid asoften as possible!

Preconditioning
Whenever possible, precondition the vehiclebefore driving by connecting the chargingcable to an electrical outlet.
Avoid parking the vehicle somewhere wherethe interior will become too hot or too coldwhile the vehicle is parked. If possible, parkthe vehicle in a climate-controlled garage.
During a short drive after passenger com-partment preconditioning, turn off the pas-senger compartment fan or the air condition-ing in a hot climate.
If preconditioning is not possible when it iscold outside, use seat and steering wheelheating first. Avoid heating the entire pas-senger compartment to reduce the amountof current being taken from the hybrid bat-tery.