2019 KIA CADENZA warning

791
Maintenance
Canister
Fuel vapors generated inside the fuel
tank are absorbed and stored in the
onboard canister. When the engine is
running, the fuel vapors absorbed in
the canister are drawn into the surge
tank through the purge control sole-
noid valve.
Purge Control Solenoid Valve(PCSV)
The purge control solenoid valve is
controlled by the Engine Control
Module (ECM); when the engine
coolant temperature is low during
idling, the PCSV closes so that evap-
orated fuel is not taken into the
engine. After the engine warms up
during ordinary driving, the PCSV
opens to introduce evaporated fuel to
the engine.
3. Exhaust emission control system
The Exhaust Emission Control
System is a highly effective system
which controls exhaust emissions
while maintaining good vehicle per-
formance.
Vehicle modifications
This vehicle should not be modified.
Modification of your vehicle could
affect its performance, safety or
durability and may even violate gov-
ernmental safety and emissions reg-
ulations.
In addition, damage or performance
problems resulting from any modifi-
cation may not be covered under
warranty.
If you use unauthorized electronic
devices, it may cause the vehicle to
operate abnormally, wire damage,
battery discharge and fire. For your
safety, do not use unauthorized
electronic devices.
Engine exhaust gas precautions
(carbon monoxide)
Carbon monoxide can be present with other exhaust fumes.
Therefore, if you smell exhaust
fumes of any kind inside your vehi-
cle, have it inspected and repaired
immediately. If you ever suspect
exhaust fumes are coming into
your vehicle, drive it only with all
the windows fully open. Have your
vehicle checked and repaired
immediately.
WARNING - Exhaust
Engine exhaust gases contain
carbon monoxide (CO). Though
colorless and odorless, it is
dangerous and could be lethal if
inhaled. Follow the instructions
on this page to avoid CO poi-
soning.

Maintenance
92
7
Do not operate the engine in con-
fined or closed areas (such as
garages) any more than what is
necessary to move the vehicle in or
out of the area.
When the vehicle is stopped in an open area for more than a short
time with the engine running,
adjust the ventilation system (as
needed) to draw outside air into the
vehicle.
Never sit in a parked or stopped vehicle for any extended time with
the engine running.
When the engine stalls or fails to start, excessive attempts to restart
the engine may cause damage to
the emission control system.Operating precautions for catalyt-
ic converters (if equipped)
WARNING- Catalytic converter
Keep away from the catalytic
converter and exhaust system
while the vehicle is running or
immediately thereafter. The
exhaust and catalytic systems
are very hot and may burn you.
WARNING- Fire
Do not park, idle or drive the vehicle over or near flamma-
ble objects, such as grass,
vegetation, paper, leaves, etc.
A hot exhaust system can
ignite flammable items under
your vehicle.
Also, do not remove the heat sink around the exhaust sys-
tem, do not seal the bottom of
the vehicle or do not coat the
vehicle for corrosion control.
It may present a fire risk under
certain conditions.

813
Specifications, Consumer information, Reporting safety defects
The electrical system of your vehicle is designed to per-
form under all reasonably expected operating conditions.
However, before any additional electrical equipment is
installed in your vehicle, consult an Authorized Kia
Dealer, in order to ensure that you do not void your war-
ranty.
Certain electrical equipment, or the way in which it is
installed, may adversely affect the operation of your vehi-
cle, including such systems as the engine control system,
the audio system and the electrical charging system and
thus potentially void all or part of your warranty.
We assume no responsibility for any expense you may
incur or for any malfunction of your vehicle or any of its
components or systems that may result from the installa-
tion of additional electrical equipment that is not supplied,
or recommended for installation by, Kia.Installation of a mobile two-way radio system
If a mobile two-way radio system is installed improperly,
or if an excessively powerful type of system is used, other
electronic systems may be adversely affected. To avoid
damage to your vehicle, consult an Authorized Kia Dealer
concerning the proper equipment and installation.
Kia motor vehicles are designed and manufactured to
meet or exceed all applicable safety standards.
For your safety, however, we strongly urge you to read
and follow all directions in this Owner's Manual, particu-
larly the information under the headings "NOTICE",
"CAUTION" and "WARNING".
If, after reading this manual, you have any questions
regarding the operation of your vehicle, safety issues and
defects please contact your Kia's toll-free Consumer
Assistance hot line as below:
National Consumer Affairs Manager
Kia Motors America, Inc.
P.O. Box 52410
Irvine, CA 92619-2410
1-800-333-4Kia (4542)
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (U.S. ONLY)

Index
2I
Air bag - advanced supplemental restraint system . . . . 3-39Adding equipment to or modifying your air bag-equipped vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65
Air bag warning label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65
Air bag warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
Curtain air bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58
Driver's and passenger's front air bag . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
How does the air bag system operate? . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
Occupant Detection System (ODS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46
Side air bag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56
SRS care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-64\
SRS components and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Air cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26\
Filter replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
Air conditioning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Appearance care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-82 Exterior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-82
Interior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-87
Audio system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160 Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160
AUX, USB port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-162
Steering wheel audio controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-161
Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-128 Air Conditioning refrigerant label . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-140
Automatic heating and air conditioning. . . . . . . . . 4-129 Checking the amount of air conditioner refrigerant and
compressor lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-140
Climate control air filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-139
Manual heating and air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . 4-131
System operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-137
Automatic transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Automatic transaxle operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Good driving practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Automatic ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-145
Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . 7-33 For best battery service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
Recharging the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Reset items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Before entering vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Before starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Necessary inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Blind-spot Collision Warning (BCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-84 BCW (Blind-spot Collision Warning) . . . . . . . . . . . 5-85
Driver's Attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-91
RCCW (Rear Cross-Traffic Collision Warning) . . . 5-87
Blind-Spot Collision-Avoidance Assist (BCA) . . . . . . 5-93
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23\
Checking the brake fluid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
A
B

I3
Index
Brake system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17Vehicle Stability Management (VSM) . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Auto hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Good braking practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Parking brake - Foot type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Power brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Warning messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Bulb wattage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
California perchlorate notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-93
Checking fluid levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Child Restraint System (CRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28 Children always in the rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Installing a Child Restraint System (CRS) . . . . . . . 3-32
Selecting a Child Restraint System (CRS) . . . . . . . 3-29
Clean air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-\
145 To cancel or reset the automatic ventilation . . . . . 4-145
Climate control air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28 Filter inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Consumer assistance (U.S. only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 Emergency roadside assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Registering your vehicle in a foreign country . . . . . 8-12 Toll free consumer assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Trip interruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Cruise control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53 To cancel cruise control, do one of the following . . 5-55
To decrease the cruising speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55
To increase cruise control set speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-54
To resume cruising speed at more than approximately 20 mph (30 km/h) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56
To set cruise control speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-54
To temporarily accelerate with the cruise control on . 5-55
To turn cruise control off, do one of the following . 5-56
Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-163 FCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
4-163
Defroster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-\
127 Rear window defroster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-127
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-\
2
Door locks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-\
16 Auto door lock/unlock feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Child-protector rear door lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Impact sensing door unlock system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Operating door locks from inside the vehicle . . . . . 4-17
Operating door locks from outside the vehicle . . . . 4-16
Drive mode integrated control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-76 Conditions that limit active ECO mode . . . . . . . . . . 5-77
Drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-76
C
D

Index
4I
Drive mode indicator screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-80
ECO mode driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-77
Driver Attention Warning (DAW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-107 Resetting the system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-109
System disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-109
System malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-110
System setting and activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-107
Economical operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-112
Electrical Equipment (U.S. only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13 Installation of a mobile two-way radio system . . . . 8-13
Emergency starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Jump starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Push-starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Emission control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-90 Crankcase emission control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-90
Evaporative emission control (including ORVR:Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) system. . . . . 7-90
Exhaust emission control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-91
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . . 8-2
Engine compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6, 7-3
Engine coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20 Changing the coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Checking the coolant level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Engine number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-\
18
Changing the engine oil and filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Checking the engine oil level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Engine start/stop button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 Engine start/stop button position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Illuminated engine start/stop button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Starting the engine with a smart key . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Explanation of scheduled maintenance items . . . . . . . 7-14
Exterior overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Forward Collision-avoidance Assist (FCA) . . . . . . . . . 5-38 Brake operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
FCA front radar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
FCA warning message and system control . . . . . . . 5-40
Limitation of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
System malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
System setting and activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Fuel filler lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39 Closing the fuel filler lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
Emergency fuel filler lid release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
Opening the fuel filler lid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
Fuel requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Do not use methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Gasoline containing alcohol and methanol . . . . . . . . 1-3
Operation in foreign countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
E
F

I7
Index
Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
4-113Battery saver function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113
Check headlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-119
Front fog light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-118
Headlight leveling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-119
High beam assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-116
High beam operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-115
Lighting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113
Turn signals and lane change signals . . . . . . . . . . . 4-118
Luggage volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Maintenance services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 Owner maintenance precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Owner’s responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. 4-54 Automatic-dimming function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61
Compass function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62
Erasing HomeLink
®buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Erasing programmed HomeLink buttons . . . . . . . . . 4-58
Gate operator & Canadian programming. . . . . . . . . 4-66
Inside rearview mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Operating HomeLink
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66
Outside rearview mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68
Programming HomeLink
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64
Reprogramming a single HomeLink®button . . . . . 4-67
Rolling code programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65 Mirrors
Standard programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64
Online factory authorized manuals (U.S. only) . . . . . . 8-14 Electrical troubleshooting manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Owner's manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Service manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Owner maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 Owner maintenance schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Panoramic sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43 Closing the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
Resetting the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Sliding the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
Sunroof open warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Sunshade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45\
Tilting the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
Parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25 Checking the parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
Parking Distance Warning-Reverse (PDW-R) . . . . . . 4-107 Non-operational conditions of parking distance warning-reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-108
Operation of the parking distance warning-reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-107
M
O
P

Index
8I
Parking distance warning-reverse precautions . . . . 4-109
Self-diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-110
Rear view monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-111 Recommended SAE viscosity number. . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Recommended lubricants and capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Refrigerant label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Reporting Safety Defects (U.S. only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Road warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Hazard warning flasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Scheduled maintenance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . . . . 3-4 Driver position memory system (for power seat) . . 3-10
Front seat adjustment - power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Headrest (for front seat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Rear seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Seatback pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
3-18 Care of seat belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Pre-tensioner seat belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Seat belt precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
Seat belt restraint system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Smart cruise control with Stop & Go system . . . . . . . . 5-57
Limitations of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-70
Smart cruise control switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59
Speed setting (Smart cruise control system) . . . . . . 5-59
To adjust the sensitivity of smart cruise control system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-\
69
To convert to cruise control mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-69
Vehicle to vehicle distance setting (Smart cruise control system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-64
When the lane ahead is clear : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65
When there is a vehicle ahead of you in your lane . 5-65
Smart key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
4-5 Battery replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Immobilizer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Mechanical key operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Record your key number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Remote keyless entry system operations . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Restrictions in handling keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Smart key functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules . 4-10
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules . 4-13
Transmitter precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Smart trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28\
Special driving conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-114 Driving at night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-115
Driving in flooded areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-117
Driving in the rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-116
Driving off-road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-117
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