2018 VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE ESP

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||WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
552
WARNING •
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo
are specified to meet stringent stability
and handling requirements. Unapproved
wheel/tire size combinations can nega-
tively affect your vehicle's stability and
handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of
unapproved wheel/tire size combinations
will not be covered by your new vehicle
warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility
for death, injury, or expenses that may
result from such installations.
Related information
•Checking tire pressure (p. 557)
• Tire direction of rotation (p. 552)
• Tread wear indicator (p. 553)
• Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 559)
• Tire sealing system (p. 572)
• Uniform Tire Quality Grading (p. 556)
• Tire terminology (p. 553)
• Tire sidewall designations (p. 554)
• Loading recommendations (p. 586) Tire direction of rotation
Tires with tread designed to roll in only one
direction are marked with an arrow on the side-
wall. The arrow shows the tire's direction of rotation.
• The tire should maintain the same direction
of rotation throughout its service life.
• Tires should only be moved between the
front and back, never from right to left or vice
versa.
• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the vehicle's
braking properties and ability to force aside
rain, snow and slush.
• The tires with the most tread should always
be mounted on the rear wheels to help
reduce the risk of skidding.
NOTE Use tires of the same type, dimensions and
make (manufacturer) on each axle.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 550)

WHEELS AND TIRES
555
NOTEThe tire's load index and speed rating may
not appear on the sidewall because they are
not required by law.
7.
M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Ter-
rain, AS = All Season
8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number
(TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and
indicates that the tire meets all federal
standards. The next two numbers are the
factory code where the tire was manufac-
tured, the next two are the tire size code and
the last four numbers represent the week
and year the tire was made. For example,
0717 means that the tire was manufactured
during week 7 of 2017. The numbers in
between are marketing codes used at the
manufacturer's discretion. This information
helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for
safety recall purposes.
9. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used:
Indicates the number of plies indicates or the
number of layers of rubber-coated fabric in
the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufactur-
ers also must indicate the ply materials in the
tire and the sidewall, which include steel,
nylon, polyester, and others.
10. Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can be
carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar
for the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature
grades.
12. Maximum permissible inflation pressure:
the greatest amount of air pressure that
should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set
by the tire manufacturer.
Speed SymbolA tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-
mum speed for which the tire has been certified
and should be at least equivalent to the vehicle's
top speed.
Winter tires, with or without studs, are exceptions
and may use a lower SS. When winter tires are
installed, the vehicle may not be driven faster
than the tires' SS.
The vehicle's speed should always be determined
by the posted speed limit and traffic and road
conditions, not the tire's SS.
The following table indicates the maximum per-
missible speed for each SS. M 130 km/h (81 mph)
Q

160 km/h (100 mph)
T 190 km/h (118 mph)
H 210 km/h (130 mph) V 240 km/h (149 mph)
W

270 km/h (168 mph)
Y 300 km/h (186 mph)
WARNING •
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo
are specified to meet stringent stability
and handling requirements. Unapproved
wheel/tire size combinations can nega-
tively affect your vehicle's stability and
handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of
unapproved wheel/tire size combinations
will not be covered by your new vehicle
warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility
for death, injury, or expenses that may
result from such installations.
Related information
•Tires (p. 550)

WHEELS AND TIRES
556Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST
CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-
MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES.
Quality grades can be found, where applica-
ble, on the tire sidewall between the tread
shoulder and maximum section width. For
example:
Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating
based on the wear rate of the tire when tested
under controlled conditions on a specified gov-
ernment test course. For example, a tire graded
150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times as
well on the government course as a tire graded
100. The relative performance of tires depends
upon the actual conditions of their use, however,
and many depart significantly from the norm due
to variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-
ces and differences in road characteristics and
climate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest, are
AA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlled
conditions on specified government test surfaces
of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may
have poor traction performance.
WARNING The traction grade assigned to this tire is
based on braking (straight-ahead) traction
tests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-
ing) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B,
and C, representing the tire's resistance to the
generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat
when tested under controlled conditions on a
specified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustained
high temperature can cause the material of the
tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-
sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.
The grade C corresponds to a minimum level of
performance that all passenger vehicle tires must
meet under the Federal Motor Safety Standard
No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels
of performance on the laboratory test wheel than
the minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab-
lished for a tire that is properly inflated and
not overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-
tion, or excessive loading, either separately or
in combination, can cause heat buildup and
tire failure.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 550)
• Tire sidewall designations (p. 554)

WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.557
Checking tire pressure
Correct inflation pressure helps improve driving
stability, save fuel and increase the service life of
the tires.
Tire pressure decreases over time, which is nor-
mal. Tire pressure also varies depending on the
ambient temperature. Driving on under-inflated
tires could cause the vehicle to overheat and lead
to damage. Tire pressure affects traveling com-
fort, road noise and driving characteristics.
Check the pressure in the tires every month. Use
the recommended inflation pressure for cold tires
for optimal tire performance and wear. Under-
inflated or over-inflated tires could cause uneven
tread wear.
Use an air pressure gauge and check the infla-
tion pressure on all the tires, including the spare
tire 4
, at least once a month and before long trips.
Volvo strongly recommends buying a reliable air
pressure gauge, as the automatic gauges provi-
ded at service stations may be inaccurate.
WARNING •
Under-inflation is the most common
cause of tire failure and may result in
severe tire cracking, tread separation, or
"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-
cle control and increased risk of injury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-
rying capacity of your vehicle.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when the
tires are cold.
The tires are considered to be cold when they
have the same temperature as the surrounding
(ambient) air.
This temperature is normally reached after the
vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
After driving for approximately 1.6 km (1 mile),
the tires are considered to be warm. If you need
to drive longer than that to inflate the tires, check
and record the inflation pressure of the tires first
and inflate accordingly when you arrive at the
pump.
When the ambient temperature changes, so does
the inflation pressure. A 10-degree temperature
drop causes a corresponding drop in inflation
pressure of 1 psi (7 kPa). Check the inflation
pressure of the tires regularly and adjust to the correct pressure, which can be found on the vehi-
cle's tire information placard or certification label.
If you check inflation pressure when the tires are
warm, you should never release air. The tires
become warm after driving and it is normal for
warm tires to have an inflation pressure above
the recommended pressure for cold tires. A warm
tire with an inflation pressure equal to or under
the recommended pressure for cold tires could
be significantly under-inflated.Related information
•
Adjusting tire pressure (p. 558)
• Recommended tire pressure (p. 559)
• Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 559)
• Tires (p. 550) 4
Not available in all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
* Option/accessory. 559
Recommended tire pressure
The tire pressure placard on the driver's side B
pillar (between the front and the rear door) indi-
cates tire pressure for different loads and speed
conditions. The placard specifies the designation for the fac-
tory-mounted tires on the vehicle, as well as load
limits and inflation pressures.
Related information
•
Checking tire pressure (p. 557)
• Approved tire pressure (p. 665) Tire pressure monitoring system*
The tire pressure monitoring system, Tyre
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), provides a
warning symbol in the instrument panel if pres-
sure is too low in one or more tires. Symbol
Explanation This symbol illuminates to indicate
low inflation pressure.
If there is a system malfunction, the
inflation pressure warning symbol
will flash for approximately one
minute and then glow steadily.
System descriptionThe tire pressure monitoring system measures
differences in rotational speed between the
wheels through the ABS system to determine if
the tires are properly inflated. If inflation pressure
in a tire is too low, its diameter (and consequently
its rotational speed) changes. By comparing the
tires with each other, the system can determine if
the pressure in one or more tires is too low.
General information about the tire pressure
monitoring system
In the following description, the tire monitoring
system is generally referred to as TPMS.
Each tire, including the spare tire (if provided)
6
,
should be checked monthly when cold and infla- ted to the inflation pressure recommended by the
vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or
tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has
tires of a different size than the size indicated on
the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label,
you should determine the proper tire inflation
pressure for those tires.)
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has
been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring
system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres-
sure telltale when one or more of your tires is
significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the
low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should
stop and check your tires as soon as possible,
and inflate them to the proper pressure.
Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire cau-
ses the tire to overheat and can lead to tire fail-
ure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency
and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's
handling and stopping ability. Please note that
the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire main-
tenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to
maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-infla-
tion has not reached the level to trigger illumina-
tion of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a
TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the
system is not operating properly. The TPMS mal-
function indicator is combined with the low tire
pressure telltale. When the system detects a mal-
6
Not available on all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
571
Snow tires
Snow tires are designed for winter driving.
Volvo recommends snow tires with specific
dimensions. The tire dimensions vary depending
on engine type. When driving with snow tires, the
correct type of tires must be mounted on all four
wheels.
NOTE Contact a Volvo dealer for advice on the best
choice of rims and tires.
Tips for changing snow tiresWhen switching between regular tires and snow
tires, mark the tires according to which side they
were mounted on, e.g. L for left and R for right.
Studded tiresStudded tires should be broken in by driving
500–1000 km (300–600 miles) slowly and gen-
tly to help the studs settle properly in the tires.
This gives the tire, and especially the studs, a
longer service life.
NOTE
Regulations regarding the use of studded
tires vary from country to country.
Tread depthRoad conditions with ice, slush and low tempera-
tures place considerably higher demands on tires
than summer conditions. Volvo therefore recom-
mends not driving on snow tires that have a tread
depth of less than 4 mm (0.15 inch).
Related information
•
When changing wheels (p. 564)
• Winter driving (p. 461)
• Tread wear indicator (p. 553) Snow chains
Using snow chains and/or snow tires can help
improve traction in winter driving conditions.
WARNING Use Volvo genuine snow chains or equivalent
snow chains that are suitable for the vehicle
model and the tire and wheel sizes. Only one-
sided snow chains are permitted.
If uncertain about snow chains, Volvo recom-
mends contacting an authorized Volvo work-
shop. Use of the wrong snow chains could
cause serious damage to the vehicle and
result in an accident.
12
The backrest in the third row of seats* must be folded down.