2018 VOLVO V60 cooling

7

Brakes – symbols 278
Anti-lock braking system (ABS) 279
Brake lights 279
Emergency Brake Assistance (EBA) 279
Parking brake – general information 280
Parking brake – applying 281
Parking brake – releasing 281
Parking brake – symbols and messages 283
Driving through water 284
Engine and cooling system 284
Conserving electrical current 285
Before a long distance trip 285
Driving in cold weather 286
Refueling – fuel requirements 286
Refueling – octane rating 287
Refueling – opening/closing fuel filler door 289
Refueling – opening/closing fuel cap 290
Emission controls 290
Economical driving 291
Towing a trailer 292
Trailer Stability Assist (TSA) 294
Towing the vehicle 295
Towing eyelet 295
Towing by tow truck 296
WHEELS AND TIRES
Tires – general information300
Tires – storage and age 301
Tires – tread wear indicator 302
Tires – tire economy 302
Changing a wheel – direction of rotation 303
Changing a wheel – removing wheel 303
Changing a wheel – spare wheel 306
Changing a wheel – accessing the spare wheel 307
Changing a wheel – installing a wheel 307
Tire inflation – general information 308
Tire inflation – checking pressure 309
Tire specifications 310
Loading specifications 312
Loading specifications – load limit 312
Tire specifications – terminology 313
Tire specifications – Uniform TireQuality Grading 314
Snow chains 315
Snow tires/studded tires 316
Tire pressure monitoring - overview 316
Tire Monitor - introduction 317
Calibrating Tire Monitor 318
Tire Monitor status information 319
Tire Monitor – messages 319

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) – general information320
Tire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS) – changing wheels 321
Tire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS) – recalibrating 322
Tire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS) – activating/deactivating 322
Tire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS) – messages 323
Tire sealing system * – general infor-
mation 324
Tire sealing system * – overview
325
Tire sealing system * – sealing a hole
327
Tire sealing system – checking infla-tion pressure 329
Tire sealing system * – inflating tires
329
Tire sealing system * – sealing com-
pound container 330

CLIMATE
134
Temperature and blower control
When the vehicle is started, the most recent set- ting is resumed. The blower should always be activated to help avoid condensation and fogging on the win-dows.
Temperature controlThe temperatures on the driver and passenger sides can beset separately.
NOTE
Heating or cooling cannot be speeded up by selecting a higher/lower temperature thanthe actual temperature required.
Blower controlTurn the control clockwise to increase or counterclockwise todecrease the blower speed. If AUTO (p. 134) is selected,
blower speed will be regulated automatically and this will over-ride manual adjustment.
NOTE
If the blower is turned off completely, the air conditioning is disengaged, which may resultin fogging on the windows.
Related information
• Climate – general information (p. 128)
• Electronic climate control (ECC) (p. 132)
• Air conditioning (p. 135)
• Climate – sensors (p. 128)
Automatic climate control The Auto function automatically controls tem- perature (p. 134), air conditioning (p. 135),blower speed (p. 134), recirculation (p. 137)and air distribution (p. 131).
If you select one or more man- ual functions, the other func-tions continue to be controlledautomatically. The air qual-ity (p. 129) sensor is engagedand all manual settings are switched off when
AUTO is
pressed. The display shows
AUTO CLIMATE.
Blower speed in automatic mode can be set under
Climate settingsAutomatic blower
adjustment. Choose between Low, Normal orHigh.
NOTE
Selecting the lowest blower speed may increases the risk of fog forming on the win-dows.
Related information
• Climate – general information (p. 128)

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STARTING AND DRIVING
278the vehicle is rolling. The brake pedal feels harder than usual.
Water on brake discs and brake pads
affects braking
Driving in rain and slush or passing through anautomatic car wash can cause water to collect onthe brake discs and pads. This will cause a delayin braking effect when the pedal is depressed. Toavoid such a delay when the brakes are needed,depress the pedal occasionally when drivingthrough rain, slush, etc. This will remove the waterfrom the brakes. Check that brake applicationfeels normal. This should also be done afterwashing or starting in very damp or cold weather.
Severe strain on the brake systemThe brakes will be subject to severe strain whendriving in mountains or hilly areas, or when towinga trailer. Vehicle speed is usually slower, whichmeans that the cooling of the brakes is less effi-cient than when driving on level roads. To reducethe strain on the brakes, shift into a lower gearand let the engine help with the braking. Do notforget that if you are towing a trailer, the brakeswill be subjected to a greater than normal load.
Cleaning the brake discsCoatings of dirt and water on the brake discsmay result in delayed brake function. This delay isminimized by cleaning the brake linings. Cleaning the brake pads is advisable in wet weather, prior to long-term parking, and after the vehicle has been washed. Do this by braking gen-tly for a short period while the vehicle is moving.
Related information
•
Parking brake – general information (p. 280)
• Emergency Brake Assistance (EBA) (p. 279)
• Brakes – general (p. 277)
• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) (p. 279)
Brakes – symbols
Symbols in the instrument panel
Symbol
Specification
Steady glow – Check the brake fluid level. If the level is low, fill withbrake fluid and check for the causeof the brake fluid loss.
Automatic function check: steady glow for two seconds when theengine is started.
WARNING
If and come on at the same
time and the brake level is below the MIN
mark in the reservoir or if a brake system-rela- ted message is shown in the information dis- play: DO NOT DRIVE . Have the vehicle towed
to a trained and qualified Volvo service techni- cian and have the brake system inspected.
Related information
• Brakes – general (p. 277)
• Parking brake – general information (p. 280)

STARTING AND DRIVING
284
Driving through water
The vehicle should be driven with extreme cau- tion if it is necessary to drive through standingwater.
The vehicle can be driven through water up to a depth of approximately 10 in. (25 cm), (V60Cross Country: approximately 12 in. (30 cm)) atwalking speed to help prevent water from enter-ing the differential and the transmission. Waterreduces the oil's lubricating capacity and mayshorten the service life of these components.
• Take particular care when driving throughflowing water.
• Clean the electrical connections for trailerwiring after driving in mud or water.
• When driving through water, maintain lowspeed and do not stop in the water.
WARNING
•Avoid driving through standing or rushing water. Doing so can be dangerous and itmay also be difficult to determine theactual depth of the water.
• If water cannot be avoided, after drivingthrough the water, press lightly on thebrake pedal to ensure that the brakes arefunctioning normally. Water or mud canmake the brake linings slippery, resultingin delayed braking effect.
CAUTION
•Engine damage will occur if water is drawn into the air cleaner.
• If the vehicle is driven through waterdeeper than approximately 10 in.(25 cm), (V60 Cross Country: approxi-mately 12 in. (30 cm)), water may enterthe differential and the transmission. Thisreduces the oil's lubricating capacity andmay shorten the service life of thesecomponents.
• Damage to any components, the engine,transmission, turbo-charger, differential orits internal components caused by flood-ing, vapor lock or insufficient oil is notcovered under warranty.
• Do not allow the vehicle to stand in waterup to the door sills longer than absolutelynecessary. This could result in electricalmalfunctions.
• If the engine has been stopped while thevehicle is in water, do not attempt torestart it. Have the vehicle towed out ofthe water.
Related information
•Towing the vehicle (p. 295)
• Towing by tow truck (p. 296)
Engine and cooling system
Under special conditions, for example when driv- ing in hilly terrain, extreme heat or with heavyloads, there is a risk that the engine and coolingsystem will overheat.
Proceed as follows to avoid overheating the engine.
• Maintain a low speed when driving with atrailer up long, steep hills. For information,see Towing a trailer (p. 292)
• Do not turn the engine off immediately whenstopping after a hard drive.
WARNING
The cooling fan may start or continue to oper- ate (for up to 6 minutes) after the engine hasbeen switched off.
• Remove any auxiliary lights from in front of the grille when driving in hot weather condi-tions.
• Do not exceed engine speeds of 4500 rpm ifdriving with a trailer in hilly terrain. The oiltemperature could become too high.

STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
* Option/accessory.291
nents, altering emission system components or location or removing components, and/orrepeated use of leaded fuel.
NOTE
Unleaded fuel is required for vehicles with three-way catalytic converters.
Heated oxygen sensorsThe heated oxygen sensors monitor the oxygen content of the exhaust gases. Readings are fedinto a control module that continuously monitorsengine functions and controls fuel injection. Theratio of fuel to air into the engine is continuouslyadjusted for efficient combustion to help reduceharmful emissions.
Related information
•
Information displays – warning symbols(p. 77)
• Engine and cooling system (p. 284)
Economical driving
Better driving economy may be obtained by thinking ahead, avoiding rapid starts and stopsand adjusting the speed of your vehicle to imme-diate traffic conditions.
Economical driving conserves natural
resources
Observe the following rules: • Bring the engine to normal operating tem- perature as soon as possible by driving witha light foot on the accelerator pedal for thefirst few minutes of operation. A cold engineuses more fuel and is subject to increasedwear.
• Whenever possible, avoid using the vehiclefor driving short distances. This does notallow the engine to reach normal operatingtemperature.
• Drive carefully and avoid rapid accelerationand hard braking.
• Use the transmission's Drive (
D) position as
often as possible and avoid using kick-down.
• Using the engine's optional Eco function canhelp improve fuel economy. For additional information, see ECO
* (p. 273).
• Using the transmission's Sport mode may increase fuel consumption somewhat. Use the transmission's Drive (
D) position as often
as possible. For additional information about Sport mode, see Transmission – Geartronic (p. 265).
• Do not exceed posted speed limits.
• Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra load)in the vehicle.
• Maintain correct tire pressure. Check tirepressure regularly (when tires are cold).
• Remove snow tires when threat of snow orice has ended.
• Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc, increaseair resistance and also fuel consumption.
• At highway driving speeds, fuel consumptionwill be lower with the air conditioning on andthe windows closed than with the air condi-tioning off and the windows open.
• Using the onboard trip computer's fuel con-sumption modes can help you learn how todrive more economically.
Other factors that decrease gas mileage are:
• Dirty air cleaner
• Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter
• Dragging brakes
• Incorrect front end alignment
Some of the above mentioned items and othersare checked at the standard maintenance inter-vals.

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
338
Engine compartment – overviewThe overview shows the main inspection points in the engine compartment.
Coolant expansion tank
Power steering fluid reservoir
Dipstick-engine oil
Filler cap-engine oil
Cover over brake fluid reservoir
Battery
Relay/fuse box
Washer fluid reservoir
Engine compartment - 4-cylinder engines only
Filler cap-engine oil
Coolant expansion tank
Radiator
Brake fluid reservoir
Battery
Relay/fuse box
Washer fluid reservoir
Air cleaner
The appearance of the engine compartment may vary depending on engine model.
WARNING
The cooling fan (located at the front of the engine compartment, behind the radiator) maystart or continue to operate (for up to6 minutes) after the engine has beenswitched off.
WARNING
Before performing any operations in the engine compartment, the ignition should always be completely switched off (in mode 0,
see Ignition modes (p. 82)) and there should be no remote keys in the passenger compart- ment. The gear selector should be in the P
(park) position. If the engine has been run- ning, wait until it has cooled before touchingany components in the engine compartment. The distributor ignition system operates at very high voltages. Special safety precautionsmust be followed to prevent injury. Alwaysturn the ignition off when:
• Replacing distributor ignition components e.g. plugs, coil, etc.
• Do not touch any part of the distributorignition system while the engine is run-ning. This may result in unintended move-ments and body injury.

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
342
Engine compartment – coolant
Normally, the coolant does not need to be changed. If the system must be drained, consulta trained and qualified Volvo service technician.
Level check and filling
Location of the coolant reservoir
See Fuel tank volume – specification and volume (p. 387) for information on cooling systemcapacities.
CAUTION
• If necessary, top up the cooling system with Volvo Genuine Coolant/Antifreezeonly (a 50/50 mix of water and anti-freeze).
• Different types of antifreeze/coolant maynot be mixed.
• If the cooling system is drained, it shouldbe flushed with clean water or premixedanti-freeze before it is refilled with thecorrect mixture of water/anti-freeze.
• The cooling system must always be keptfilled to the correct level, and the level must be between the
MIN and MAX
marks. If it is not kept filled, there can be high local temperatures in the enginewhich could result in damage. Checkcoolant regularly!
• Do not top up with water only. Thisreduces the rust-protective and anti-freeze qualities of the coolant and has alower boiling point. It can also causedamage to the cooling system if it shouldfreeze.
• Do not use chlorinated tap water in thevehicle's cooling system.
• If there is coolant under the vehicle, if youdetect coolant fumes or if it necessary totop up with more than approx. 2 qts (2 lit-ers) of coolant, engine damage could
occur if the vehicle is driven. Have it towed to an authorized Volvo workshop.
WARNING
• Never remove the expansion tank cap while the engine is warm. Wait until theengine cools.
• If it is necessary to top off the coolantwhen the engine is warm, unscrew theexpansion tank cap slowly so that theoverpressure dissipates.

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MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
362
PosFunction A
Control module - auto- matic transmission15
A/C compressor (not 4- cyl. engines)15
Relay-coils A/C, relay coils in engine compartmentcold zone for Start/Stop5
Starter motor relay
A
30
Engine control module (4- cyl. engines) Ignition coils (5 cyl. engines) 20
Engine Control Module (4- cyl. engines)
20
Engine Control Module (5-cyl. engines) 10
4-cyl. engines: mass air meter, thermostat, EVAPvalve10
5-cyl. engines: Injectionsystem, engine controlmodule 15
Pos
Function A
A/C compressor (5-cyl. engines), engine valves, oillevel sensor (5-cyl. only)10
Engine valves/oil pump/center heated oxygensensor (4-cyl. engines) 15
Front/rear heated oxygen sensors (4-cyl. engines),EVAP valve (5-cyl.engines), heated oxygensensors (5-cyl. engines)15
Oil pump/crankcase venti- lation heater/coolantpump (5-cyl. engines)
10
Ignition coils (4-cyl.engines) 15
Fuel leakage detection (5- cyl. engines), control mod-ule for radiator shutter (5-cyl. engines)5
Fuel leakage detection,A/C solenoid (4-cyl.engines) 7.5
Coolant pump (4-cyl. engines)
50
Pos
Function A
Cooling fan 60 or 80
(4-cyl. engines) 60 (5-cyl. engines)
Power steering 100
AThis position is not used on vehicles with the optional Start/ Stop function, refer to the table "Engine compartment coldzone" in Fuses – engine compartment cold zone (Start/Stoponly) (p. 367).
Related information
• Fuses – glove compartment (p. 363)
• Fuses – cargo area/trunk (p. 366)