2018 VOLVO S90 flat tire

12
WHEELS AND TIRES
Tires508
Tire direction of rotation 510
Tread wear indicator 511
Tire terminology 511
Tire sidewall designations 512
Uniform Tire Quality Grading 514
Checking tire pressure 515
Adjusting tire pressure 516
Recommended tire pressure 517
Tire pressure monitoring system *
517
Calibrating the tire pressure monitor- ing system * 519
Viewing tire pressure status in thecenter display * 520
Action when warned of low tire pressure 521
When changing wheels 522
Tool kit 522
Jack *
523
Wheel bolts 523
Removing a wheel 524
Installing a wheel 526
Spare wheel 527
Accessing the spare wheel 528
Snow tires 529
Snow chains 529

Tire sealing system530
Using the tire sealing system 531
Inflate tires with the compressor included in the tire sealing system 535
Determining the vehicle's permittedweight 536
LOADING, STORAGE AND
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT
Passenger compartment interior
538
Tunnel console 539
Electrical outlets 539
Using the electrical outlets 540
Using the glove compartment 541
Sun visors 542
Cargo compartment 543
Loading recommendations 543
Roof loads and load carriers 544
Grocery bag holders 544
Load anchoring eyelets 545
Rear seat ski hatch *
545

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YOUR VOLVO
* Option/accessory.
28 goal. In addition to continuous environmental refinement of conventional gasoline-poweredinternal combustion engines, Volvo is activelylooking at advanced technology alternative-fuelvehicles. When you drive a Volvo, you become our partner in the work to lessen the vehicle's impact on theenvironment. To reduce your vehicle's environ-mental impact, you can:
• Maintain proper air pressure in your tires.Tests have shown decreased fuel economywith improperly inflated tires.
• Follow the recommended maintenanceschedule in your Warranty and ServiceRecords Information booklet.
• Drive at a constant speed whenever possible.
• See a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician as soon as possible for inspectionif the check engine (malfunction indicator)light illuminates, or stays on after the vehiclehas started.
• Properly dispose of any vehicle-related wastesuch as used motor oil, used batteries, brakepads, etc.
• When cleaning your vehicle, please use gen-uine Volvo car care products. All Volvo carcare products are formulated to be environ-mentally friendly.
Related information
•Economical driving (p. 424)
• Air quality (p. 199)
IntelliSafe - driver support
IntelliSafe is Volvo Cars' philosophy regarding vehicle safety. IntelliSafe consists of a number ofsystems, both standard and optional, that aredesigned to help make driving safer, preventaccidents and protect passengers and otherroad users.
SupportIntelliSafe includes driver support functions such as Adaptive cruise control * which helps the driver
to maintain an even speed combined with a pre- selected time interval to the vehicle ahead. Pilot Assist 4
helps the driver keep the vehicle in
the current traffic lane by providing steering assistance and maintaining an even speed and aset time interval to the vehicle ahead. Park Assist Pilot * helps the driver pull into and
out of parking spaces. Other examples of systems that can help the driver are the Active main beam, Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) * and Blind Spot Information (BLIS) *
systems.
PreventionCity Safety is a function intended to help prevent accidents. The function can help prevent or miti-gate a collision with pedestrians, cyclists, largeanimals or other vehicles. Light, sound and pulsa-tions in the brake pedal are provided to alert of a
4 Depending on market, this function can be either standard or optional.

SAFETY
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53
Driver/passenger-side airbagsAs a supplement to the seat belts, the vehicle is equipped with driver and passenger side frontairbags.
Driver/passenger side front airbags.
In a frontal collision, the airbags help protect the driver's and passenger's head, face and chestand the driver's knees and legs. A collision of a sufficiently violent force will trig- ger the sensors and one or more airbags willinflate. The airbag helps cushion the initial impactof the collision for the passenger. The airbagdeflates when compressed by the collision. Asmall amount of powder will also be releasedfrom the airbag. This may appear to be smokeand is normal. The entire process, from inflationto deflation of the airbag, occurs within tenths ofa second.
NOTE
The sensors react differently depending on the circumstances of the accident andwhether or not the seat belt is used. Does notapply to all belt positions. In some accident situations, only one (or none) of the airbags will be deployed. Thesensors monitor the impact of the collisionand react accordingly to deploy one, severalor no airbags.
WARNING
The seat belt and the airbag work together. If the seat belt is not used or is used incorrectly,the airbag may not provide the intended pro-tection in a collision. To help prevent injury in the event the airbag is deployed, passengers should sit as uprightas possible, with their feet on the floor andtheir backs against the seat backrest.
WARNING
Volvo recommends contacting an authorized Volvo workshop for repairs. Incorrectly per-formed repairs to the airbag system couldimpair function and lead to serious injury.
The front airbag systemThe front airbag system includes gas generators surrounded by the airbags, and deceleration sen- sors that activate the gas generators, causing theairbags to be inflated with nitrogen gas. As the movement of the seats' occupants com- presses the airbags, some of the gas is expelledat a controlled rate to provide better cushioning.Both seat belt tensioners also deploy, minimizingseat belt slack. The entire process, from inflationto deflation of the airbag, occurs within tenths ofa second. The location of the front airbags is indicated by SRS AIRBAG
embossed on the steering wheel
pad and above the glove compartment, and by decals on both sun visors and on the front andfar right side of the dash. The driver's side front airbag is folded and
located in the steering wheel hub.The knee airbag is folded on the underside of
the dashboard on the driver's side. The text AIRBAG is embossed on the panel.
The passenger's side front airbag is folded
behind a panel located above the glove compart- ment.

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DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.
390
NOTE
Dirt, ice and snow covering the sensors reduce their function and can make measure-ment impossible.
Driver responsibilityThe driver should keep in mind that PAP is a parking aid ‒ not an infallible fully automatic sys-
tem. The driver must always be prepared to take control and cancel a parking sequence if neces-sary. There are a number of things to keep in mind when parking, including:
• The driver is always responsible for determin-ing if the space suggested by PAP is suita-ble for parking.
• Do not use PAP when using snow chains ora temporary spare tire.
• Do not use PAP if there are any objects pro-truding from the vehicle.
• Heavy rain or snowfall may inhibit PAP's abil-ity to accurately measure a parking space.
• While searching and measuring the parkingspace, PAP may be unable to detect objectslocated far into the space.
• PAP may not suggest parking spaces onnarrow streets if it does not detect sufficientspace for maneuvering the vehicle. •
Use approved tires 124
inflated to the correct
tire pressure because this affects PAP's abil-ity to provide parking assistance.
• PAP's function is based on the way the vehi-cles are parked behind and in front of yourparking space. If they are, for example,parked too close to the curb, there is a riskthat your vehicle's tires or wheel rims couldbe damaged by the curb during the parkingprocedure.
• Perpendicular parking spaces may not bedetected or may be suggested unnecessarilyif a parked vehicle is sticking out more thanother parked vehicles.
• PAP is intended to provide parking assis-tance on straight streets, not sections ofstreet with sharp curves or bends. Alwaysmake sure that your vehicle is parallel to rel-evant parking spaces when PAP is measur-ing the parking space.
CAUTION
Switching to another approved wheel and/or tire dimension could change the tire circum-ference, which would then require the PAPsystem to be updated. Consult a workshop –an authorized Volvo workshop is recom-mended.
Related information
•
Park Assist Pilot
* (p. 384)
• Speed-dependent steering wheel resistance (p. 262)
124
"Approved tires" refers to tires of the same type and make as the vehicle's original, factory-installed tires.

WHEELS AND TIRES
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511
Tread wear indicatorThe tread wear indicator shows the status of the tire's tread.
The tread wear indicator is a narrow elevated strip running across the tire's longitudinal treadgrooves. The letters TWI (Tread Wear Indicator)are visible on the side of the tire. When approxi-mately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) is left on the tread,the tread will be at the same height as the treadwear indicator. Replace the tire as soon as possi-ble. Tires with low tread offer very poor traction inrain or snow.
Related information
• Tires (p. 508)
Tire terminology The following is a glossary of tire-related terms.
The tire suppliers may have additional markings, notes or warnings such as standard load, radialtubeless, etc.
• Tire information placard
: A placard show-
ing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes,recommended inflation pressure, and themaximum weight the vehicle can carry.
• Tire Identification Number (TIN)
: A number
on the sidewall of each tire providing infor-mation about the tire brand and manufactur-ing plant, tire size and date of manufacture.
• Inflation pressure
: A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
• Standard load
: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increas-ing the inflation pressure beyond this pres-sure will not increase the tires load carryingcapability.
• Extra load
: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a heavier maximumload at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metrictires]. Increasing the inflation pressurebeyond this pressure will not increase thetire's load carrying capability.
• kPa
: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pressure.
• PSI
: Pounds per square inch, a standard unit
of air pressure. •
B-pillar
: The structural member at the side
of the vehicle behind the front door.
• Bead area of the tire
: Area of the tire next
to the rim.
• Sidewall of the tire
: Area between the bead
area and the tread.
• Tread area of the tire
: Area of the perime-
ter of the tire that contacts the road whenmounted on the vehicle.
• Rim
: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a
tire and tube assembly upon which the tirebeads are seated.
• Maximum load rating
: a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilogramsthat can be carried by the tire. This rating isestablished by the tire manufacturer.
• Maximum permissible inflation pressure
:
the greatest amount of air pressure thatshould ever be put in the tire. This limit is setby the tire manufacturer.
• Recommended tire inflation pressure
:
inflation pressure, established by Volvo,which is based on the type of tires that aremounted on a vehicle at the factory. Thisinformation can be found on the tire inflationplacard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillarand in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
• Cold tires
: The tires are considered to be
cold when they have the same temperatureas the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem-

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WHEELS AND TIRES
512perature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 508)
Tire sidewall designations
The following information can be found on a tire's sidewall.
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers place standardized information on the sidewall ofall tires (see the illustration). The vehicle has been certified with certain combi- nations of wheels and tires. The following information is listed on the tire sidewall: The tire designation:
NOTE
Please be aware that the following tire desig- nation is an example only and that this par-
ticular tire may not be available on your vehi- cle.
1. 215 : the width of the tire (in millimeters)
from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The larger the number, the wider the tire.
2. 65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width
in percent.
3. R: Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle is
equipped with optional self-supporting run flat tires 3
.
4. 15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in
inches).
5. 95: The tire's load index. In this example, a
load index of 95 equals a maximum load of 1521 lbs (690 kg).
6. H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum
speed at which the tire is designed to bedriven for extended periods of time, carryinga permissible load for the vehicle, and withcorrect inflation pressure. For example, Hindicates a speed rating of 210 km/h(130 mph).
3 Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
513
NOTE
The tire's load index and speed rating may not appear on the sidewall because they arenot required by law.
7.M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Ter-
rain, AS = All Season
8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN) : This begins with the letters "DOT" and
indicates that the tire meets all federalstandards. The next two numbers are thefactory code where the tire was manufac-tured, the next two are the tire size code andthe last four numbers represent the weekand year the tire was made. For example,0717 means that the tire was manufacturedduring week 7 of 2017. The numbers inbetween are marketing codes used at themanufacturer's discretion. This informationhelps a tire manufacturer identify a tire forsafety recall purposes.
9. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used :
Indicates the number of plies indicates or thenumber of layers of rubber-coated fabric inthe tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufactur-ers also must indicate the ply materials in thetire and the sidewall, which include steel,nylon, polyester, and others.
10. Maximum Load : Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can becarried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillarfor the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperaturegrades .
12. Maximum permissible inflation pressure: the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire. This limit is setby the tire manufacturer.
Speed SymbolA tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-mum speed for which the tire has been certifiedand should be at least equivalent to the vehicle'stop speed. Winter tires, with or without studs, are exceptions and may use a lower SS. When winter tires areinstalled, the vehicle may not be driven fasterthan the tires' SS. The vehicle's speed should always be determined by the posted speed limit and traffic and roadconditions, not the tire's SS. The following table indicates the maximum per- missible speed for each SS.
M 130 km/h (81 mph)
Q 160 km/h (100 mph)
T 190 km/h (118 mph)
H 210 km/h (130 mph)
V 240 km/h (149 mph)
W 270 km/h (168 mph)
Y 300 km/h (186 mph)
WARNING
• The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo are specified to meet stringent stabilityand handling requirements. Unapprovedwheel/tire size combinations can nega-tively affect your vehicle's stability andhandling.
• Any damage caused by installation ofunapproved wheel/tire size combinationswill not be covered by your new vehiclewarranty. Volvo assumes no responsibilityfor death, injury, or expenses that mayresult from such installations.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 508)

WHEELS AND TIRES
514
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES .
Quality grades can be found, where applica- ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specified gov-ernment test course. For example, a tire graded150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times aswell on the government course as a tire graded100. The relative performance of tires dependsupon the actual conditions of their use, however,and many depart significantly from the norm dueto variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-ces and differences in road characteristics andclimate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest, areAA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlledconditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C mayhave poor traction performance.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-ing) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipate heatwhen tested under controlled conditions on aspecified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustainedhigh temperature can cause the material of thetire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.The grade C corresponds to a minimum level ofperformance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety StandardNo. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levelsof performance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-tion, or excessive loading, either separately orin combination, can cause heat buildup andtire failure.
Related information
•Tires (p. 508)
• Tire sidewall designations (p. 512)