2018 VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER wheel torque

A WARNING (Continued)
• If the brake servo does not function or the vehicle is being towed, the brake pedal will have to be depressed more forcefully as the braking distance will be Increased due to the lack of assistance for the brake system.
CD
• Never let the brakes "rub" by applying light pressure to the brake when it is not necessary to brake. Continual pressure on the brake pedal will overheat the brakes. This can considerably reduce the brake effect, increase the braking distance and, In certain circumstances, cause the brake system to fail completely.
Brake support systems
r-f'n First read and observe the Introductory l..-Wl information and safety warnings&. on page 269.
The brake support systems ESC, ABS, BAS, TCS and EDL only function when the engine is running. They make a considerable contribution to active driving safety.
Electronic stability control (ESC)
The ESC helps to reduce the risk of skidding and to improve driving stability by braking individual wheels in certain driving situations. The ESC de-tects critical driving situations such as oversteer, understeer and wheelspin. The system helps to stabilise the vehicle through targeted application of the brakes or by reducing engine torque.
ESC has its limitations. lt is important to realise that ESC cannot overcome the laws of physics. ESC will not be able to assist in every situation faced by a driver. For example, ESC will not be able to assist every time that there is a sudden change in the road surface quality. If a section of dry road is suddenly covered with water, mud or snow, ESC will not be able to assist in the same manner as on a dry road. If the vehicle aquaplanes (drives on a layer of water rather than on the road surface), ESC will not be able to assist in steering the vehicle as the contact to the road surface has been interrupted and it is therefore no longer pos-sible to steer or brake the vehicle. When driving at speed through bends, particularly on stretches of road with many bends, the ESC will not always be able to process complicated driving situations as
2741 While dnvang
• Before driving down a long, steep gradient, reduce speed and change to a lower gear or move the selector lever to a lower position. This will make use of the engine braking effect and relieve the load on the brakes. The brakes could otherwise overheat and possibly fall. The brakes should only be used to slow or stop the vehicle.
m If the front brake pads are tested, the rear L!..J brake pads should be tested at the same time. Regularly check the thickness of the brake pads through the openings in the rims or from the underside of the vehicle. If necessary, remove the wheels to carry out a comprehensive check. Volks-wagen Commercial Vehicles recommends using a Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership for this purpose. effectively as at lower speeds. When towing a trail-er, ESC is unable to assist the driver in regaining control over the vehicle.
Always adapt your speed and driving style to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions. ESC cannot defy the laws of motion, improve the availa-ble power output, or keep the vehicle on the road if insufficient care and attention on the part of the driver causes the vehicle to leave the road. In-stead, the ESC improves the chances of keeping the vehicle under control and, in extreme on-road driving situations, exploits the driver's steering in-put to keep the vehicle travelling in the desired di-rection. If the vehicle is driving at a speed that leads it to leave the road before the ESC can pro-vide any kind of support, the ESC will be unable to provide any assistance.
The ASS, BAS, TCS and EDL systems are integra-ted into the ESC. The ESC is always on. If the trac-tion achieved in certain situations is not sufficient, TCS can be switched off by pressing the ASR (TCS) button =>Fig. 224. Always ensure that ASR (TCS) is switched back on again once traction is sufficient.
Automatic Post-Collision Braking System
In the event of an accident, the Automatic Post-Collision Braking System can help the driver to re-duce the risk of skidding, and the danger of secon-dary collisions, through automatic braking.

Steering
CJ:n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Information on steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Additional information and warnings:
• Starting and stopping the engine 257
• Battery 362
• Tow-starting and towing 446
Information on steering
r--f"n First read and observe the introductory L-la.LI infonmation and safety warnings & on page 281.
Locking the steering wheel
• When the vehicle key has been removed, turn the steering wheel slightly until you hear the lock-ing pin engage.
The steering should be locked every time you leave the vehicle to make il more difficult for the vehicle to be stolen.
Unlocking the steering wheel
• Turn the steering wheel slightly to lake the load off the steering lock mechanism. Hold the steering wheel in this position and tu m the vehicle key clockwise out of position 217 @.
A WARNING
If the power steering is not working, the steering wheel is difficult to turn, which makes it difficult to steer the vehicle.
• The power steering only functions when the engine Is running.
• Never allow the vehicle to roll if the engine is switched off.
• Never remove the vehicle key from the ig-nition lock when the vehicle is in motion. The steering lock may be activated and you will no longer be able to steer the vehicle. Power steering
With power steering, the steering assistance is au-tomatically matched to vehicle speed, the steering wheel torque and the steering wheel angle. The power steering will only function when the engine is running.
You will need considerably more strength than nor-mal to steer the vehicle if lhe power steering is re-duced or has failed completely. Starting the engine, changing gear and parking I 281

Storing tyres
Mark tyres before you remove them to indicate the direction of rotation. This ensures you will be able to mount them correctly when you replace them (left, right, front, rear). When removed, the wheels or tyres should be stored in a cool, dry and pref-erably dark place. Do not store tyres mounted on the rim vertically.
Any tyres not fitted on rims should be kept in suita-ble sleeves to protect against dirt and should be stored vertically (standing on the tread).
All-terrain tyres
Some vehicles can be fitted at the factory with "all-terrain tyres". These tyres have a deep-tread pro-file that alters the vehicle's driving properties (such as comfort, consumption, braking distance, corner-Ing behaviour, rolling noise)=>&.
A WARNING
Corrosive liquids and other substances can cause visible and Invisible damage to the tyres, which can cause the tyre to burst.
• Always keep chemicals, oils, lubricants, fuel, brake fluid and other corrosive substan-ces away from the tyres.
A WARNING
Old tyres (even if never used) can suddenly lose pressure or burst, especially at high speeds. This can cause accidents and seri-ous injuries.
• Avoid using tyres that are more than six years old. If you have no alternative, drive slowly and with extra care at all times.
Rims
,....-('n First read and observe the Introductory L-J.:.ll information and safety warnings & on page 367.
The design of the wheel bolts is matched to the rims. If different rims are fitted, the correct wheel bolts with the right length and correctly shaped bolt heads must be used. This ensures that wheels are fitted securely and that the brake system works properly =>page 420.
For technical reasons, it is not generally possible to use the wheels from other vehicles. This can al-so apply to wheels of the same vehicle type.
A WARNING
The deep-tread profile of all-terrain tyres can considerably increase the braking distance or cornering behaviour and thus cause acci-dents and serious injuries.
• Always bear the modified vehicle handling in mind, and drive carefully.
CD
Avoid heavy impacts and drive round obstacles whenever possible. Tyres, particularly low-pro-file tyres, can be considerably compressed and deformed by potholes and curb edges especial-ly. This can cause the tyre's webbing reinforce-ment to brake, and cause dents or rips on the side walls or deformations or cracks on the rims.
Old tyres should be disposed of as required !!IS by legislation. The tyres and rims approved by Voikswagen Com-mercial Vehicles are specially matched to the char-acteristics of the vehicle and make a major contri-bution to good road holding and safe handling.
Wheel bolts
Wheel boils must always be tightened with the cor-rect tightening torque =>page 420.
Rims with bolted-on rings
Rims with bolted-on rings consist of several com-ponents. These components are fastened using special bolts and special fastening technology. This ensures that the wheel functions proper1y, does not leak, remains safe and runs true. For this reason, damaged rims should be replaced. They may only .,..
Wheels and tyres I 369

Changing a wheel
CllJ Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Preparations for changing a wheel . . . . . . . . . 420
Wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Lifting the vehicle with the jack . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Changing a wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
After changing a wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Some models are delivered without a factory-fitted jack or box spanner. If this is the case, the wheel should be changed by a qualified workshop.
The vehicle jack supplied with the vehicle is only designed for changing a wheel when one vehicle tyre is damaged and has to be replaced. Seek ex-pert assistance if both tyres on one side of the ve-hicle, both tyres on one axle, or all tyres are dam-aged.
Only change the wheel yourself when the car is parked in a safe place, you are familiar with the necessary steps and safety procedures and you have access to all the correct tools. Seek expert assistance if this is not the case.
Additional information and warnings:
• Exterior views =>page 5
• Vehicle key set =>page 36
• Tyre monitoring system =>page 318
• Wheels and tyres =>page 367
• In an emergency =>page 411
• Vehicle tool kit =>page 416
• Hubcaps =>page 417
Preparations for changing a wheel
1"1'11 First read and observe the introductory L-1o:.U information and safety warnings & on page 420.
Checklist
The following actions must always be carried out in the given order in preparation for changing the wheel=>&:
1. In the event of a flat tyre, park your vehicle on a firm and level surface at a safe dis-tance from the flow of traffic.
2. Apply the handbrake =>page 269.
420 I If and when
A wARNING
Changing a wheel can be dangerous, espe-cially when carried out at the side of a road. Please note the following steps in order to re-duce the risk of serious injuries:
• Stop the vehicle as soon as possible and when safe to do so. Park the vehicle at a safe distance from moving traffic in order to carry out the wheel change.
• All passengers and children in particular must be at a safe distance and away from your area of work during the wheel change.
• Switch on the hazard warning lights to warn other road users.
• Check that the surface the vehicle Is parked on Is level and firm. If necessary use a large, strong board or similar support for the vehicle jack.
• Only change the wheel yourself if you feel confident carrying out the procedure. If not, seek expert assistance.
• Always use suitable and undamaged tools to change the wheel.
• Always switch off the engine, apply the handbrake and move the selector lever to the position P or select a gear on a manual gear-box in order to reduce the risk of unintended vehicle movement.
• The wheel bolt tightening torque should be checked with a torque wrench immediately after changing a wheel. 3. With a DSG® dual clutch gearbox, move the selector lever to position P =>page 260.
4. Stop the engine and remove the key from the ignition =>page 257.
5. Manual gearbox: select a gear =>page 260.
6. Make sure all vehicle occupants exit the ve-hicle and move to safety, for instance be-hind the safety barrier.
7. Chock the wheel diagonally opposite the wheel being worked on with a stone or a similar object. ""

Checklist (Continued)
8. VI/hen towing a trailer, unhitch the trailer from the vehicle and park it properly.
9. Remove any items of luggage from the lug-gage compartment.
10. Remove the spare wheel and vehicle tools from the vehicle.
11. Remove the hubcaps =>page 417.
Wheel bolts
Fig. 297 Loosening the wheel bolts for changing the wheels.
r-"f"'n First read and observe the Introductory l.-J,:..LJ Information and safety warnings & on page420.
Only the spanner delivered with the vehicle should be used to loosen the wheel bolts.
Only loosen the wheel bolts by approximately one turn before raising the vehicle with the vehicle jack.
If the wheel bolt is very tight, you may be able to loosen it by pushing down the end of the spanner carefully with your foot. Hold on to the car for sup-port and take care not to slip.
Loosening the wheel bolts
• Fit the box spanner over the wheel bolt as far as it will go =>Fig. 297.
• Hold the end of the box spanner and turn the wheel bolt one turn anticlockwise => &.
Loosening the anti-theft wheel bolt
The anti-theft wheel bolt must be bolted into posi-tion =>Fig. 298@ or@ on wheels with a wheel cover. Otherwise, it will not be possible to fit the wheel cover.
A WARNING
Ignoring any of the Items on this Important safety checklist can lead to accidents and se-vere Injuries.
• Always follow the Instructions In the checklist and observe the general safety pro-
Fig. 298 Tyre valve G) and locations of the anti-theft wheel bolt@ or@
• Take the adapter for anti-theft wheel bolts out of the vehicle toolkit.
• Insert the adapter into the anti-theft wheel bolt. Push it in as far as it will go.
• Insert the box spanner into the adapter as far as it will go.
• Hold the end of the box spanner and turn the wheel bolt one turn anticlockwise => &.
Important information about the wheel bolts
The design of the wheel rims and wheel bolts is matched to the factory-fitted wheels. If different rims are fitted, the correct wheel bolts with the right length and correctly shaped bolt heads must be used. This ensures that wheels are fitted securely and that the brake system works properly.
In certain circumstances, wheel bolts from a vehi-cle of the same model series may not be used.
Tightening torque for the wheel bolts
The tightening torque for wheel bolts for steel and alloy wheels is 180 Nm. The tightening torque should be checked with a torque wrench immedi-ately after changing a wheel. .,.
Practical tips 421

If the wheel boils are corroded and difficult to turn, they must be replaced and the wheel hub threads cleaned before the tightening torque is checked.
Never grease or lubricate the wheel bolts or the threads of the wheel hub. This could cause them to loosen while the vehicle is in motion, even if the re-quired torque setting is used.
A WARNING
Incorrectly tightened wheel bolts can loosen while the vehicle is in motion and cause acci-dents, serious injury, and loss of control of the vehicle.
• Only use wheel bolts that belong to the wheel.
• Never use different wheel bolts.
• The wheel bolts and threads of the wheel hubs must be clean, free from oil and grease, and turn easily.
4221 If and when
A WARNING (Continued)
• Always use the box spanner placed In the vehicle at the factory to loosen and tighten the wheel bolts.
• Only loosen the wheel bolts by approxi-mately one turn before raising the vehicle with the vehicle jack.
• Never grease or lubricate the wheel bolts or the threads of the wheel hub. This could cause them to loosen while the vehicle is in motion, even if the required torque setting is used.
• Never remove the bolts on rims with bol-ted-on rings.
• If the tightening torque of the wheel bolts Is too low, the wheel bolts and rims can loos-en while the vehicle is In motion. The wheel bolts and threads can be damaged if the tightening torque is too high.

• Clean the area around the fastening holes of the spare wheel.
• Position the spare wheel.
• Insert the anti-theft wheel bolt using the adapter at position 298 @or® and tighten it slight-ly.
• Screw in all the other wheel bolts in a clockwise direction and use the box spanner to tighten them gently.
• Lower the vehicle with the jack.
• Use the box spanner to tighten all the wheel bolts securely in a clockwise direction &. Do not tighten the bolts in clockwise or anticlockwise se-quence. Tighten them in diagonal sequence.
• Fit the cover caps, centre covers or wheel cov-ers 417.
After changing a wheel
rl'l1 First read and observe the Introductory L-.lo:.ll Information and safety warnings & on page 420.
• If necessary, clean the vehicle tools and stow them safely in the vehicle 416.
• Stow the spare wheel or the removed wheel safely under the vehicle.
Breakdown set
CQJ Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Storing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Contents of the breakdown set . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Sealing and inflating tyres . . . . • . . . . . . . 428
Test after driving for 10 minutes . . . . 429
You can use the breakdown set (tyre mobility set) to safely seal any tyre damage caused by foreign bodies or punctures (up to 4 mm (0.16 Inches) in diameter). Do not remove foreign objects (e.g. screws or nails) from the tyrel
Once the sealant has been added to the tyre, the tyre pressure must be checked again after approxi-mately 10 minutes of driving.
,A WARNING
Incorrect torque or incorrect use of wheel bolts can lead to a loss of control of the vehi-cle, cause accidents and serious Injuries.
• Always keep all wheel bolts and threads In the wheel hubs clean and free from oil and grease. The wheel bolts must be easy to turn and be tightened to the specified torque.
• The hexagonal socket In the screwdriver handle should only be used for turning wheel bolts, not use for loosening or tightening them. • The tightening torque of the wheel bolts should be checked immediately with a torque wrench opage 421.
• The damaged wheel should be replaced as soon as possible.
m In vehicles with a tyre monitoring system, the L!..J system may have to "re-learn" if new tyres are fitted 318. Seek expert assistance if more than one vehicle tyre is damaged. The breakdown set is only de-signed for filling one tyre.
Only use the breakdown set if the car is parked in a safe place, you are familiar with the required ac-tions and safety procedures, and you have access to the correct breakdown set. Seek expert assis-tance if this is not the case.
The tyre sealant must not be used:
• If the rim is damaged.
• If the outside temperature is below -2o•c (-4 ·F).
• If there are cuts or punctures in the tyre that are larger than 4 mm. .,.
Practical tips 425

Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
4MOTION
A2DP
ABS
ACC
Ad Blue®
ATA
SAS
ccm
ccs
C02
DCC
DIN
DPF
DSG®7
DVE
EC
EDL
EN
EPC
ESC
g/km
ICC
kN
kPa
kW
LED
LW
MFD
MG5
MG6
N
Nm
PGVW
PS
psi
PVC
RON
Four-wheel drive.
Advanced Audio Distribution Profile
Anti-lock brake system.
Adaptive cruise control.
Ad Blue® for diesel vehicles with SCR catalytic converters.
Anti-theft alarm.
Brake Assist system.
Cubic centimetres. Unit of displacement.
Cruise control system.
Carbon dioxide.
Adaptive chassis control.
German Standards Authority.
Diesel particulate filter.
DSG® automatic dual clutch gearbox.
Digital voice enhancement
Engine code.
Electronic differential lock.
European standard.
Engine management system (electronic power control).
Electronic Stability Control.
Carbon dioxide emissions in grams per kilometre.
In-car communication
Kilo Newton, pulling power.
Kilopascal. Unit of measurement for pressure.
Kilowatt, indication of engine power.
Light-emitting diode.
Long wheelbase
Multifunction display.
5-speed manual gearbox.
6-speed manual gearbox.
Newton, pulling power.
Newton metres, unit of engine torque.
Gross vehicle weight rating.
The approximate equivalent of brake horse power. formerly used to denote engine power.
Pound-force per square inch, imperial measure for the pressure
Polyvinyl chloride.
Research octane number, indication of the knock resistance of petrol.
Abbreviations I 463