2017 VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE HYBRID fuel pressure

11

Opening and closing the hood539
Engine compartment overview540
Engine oil541
Checking and refilling engine oil542
Windshield wipers in the service position543
Replacing wiper blades544
Refilling coolant546
Refilling the windshield washer fluidreservoir547
Cleaning the exterior547
Cleaning the interior550
Cleaning the center display552
Corrosion protection552
Paint damage553
Touching up paint damage554
Polishing and waxing554
SPECIFICATIONS
Label information558
Dimensions561
Weights563
Air conditioning refrigerant565
Hybrid battery specifications565
Brake fluid specification and volume566
Coolant specifications and volumes566
Engine specifications567
Engine oil specifications and volume568
Fuel tank volume568
Tire inflation pressure table569
Transmission fluid specification andvolume570
INDEX
Index571

INTRODUCTION
20
Volvo and the environment
Volvo is committed to the well-being of its cus-tomers. As a natural part of this commitment, wecare about the environment in which we all live.Concern for the environment means an everydayinvolvement in reducing our environmentalimpact.
Volvo's environmental activities are based on aholistic view, which means we consider the over-all environmental impact of a product throughoutits complete life cycle. In this context, design, pro-duction, product use, and recycling are all impor-tant considerations. In production, Volvo haspartly or completely phased out several chemicalsincluding CFCs, lead chromates, asbestos, andcadmium; and reduced the number of chemicalsused in our plants 50% since 1991.
Volvo was the first in the world to introduce intoproduction a three-way catalytic converter with aLambda sond, now called the heated oxygen sen-sor, in 1976. The current version of this highlyefficient system reduces emissions of harmfulsubstances (CO, HC, NOx) from the exhaust pipeby approximately 95 – 99% and the search toeliminate the remaining emissions continues.Volvo is the only automobile manufacturer tooffer CFC-free retrofit kits for the air conditioningsystem of all models as far back as the 1975model 240. Advanced electronic engine controlsand cleaner fuels are bringing us closer to ourgoal. In addition to continuous environmental
refinement of conventional gasoline-poweredinternal combustion engines, Volvo is activelylooking at advanced technology alternative-fuelvehicles.
When you drive a Volvo, you become our partnerin the work to lessen the car's impact on theenvironment. To reduce your vehicle's environ-mental impact, you can:
•Maintain proper air pressure in your tires.Tests have shown decreased fuel economywith improperly inflated tires.
•Follow the recommended maintenanceschedule in your Warranty and ServiceRecords Information booklet.
•Drive at a constant speed whenever possible.
•See a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician as soon as possible for inspectionif the check engine (malfunction indicator)light illuminates, or stays on after the vehiclehas started.
•Properly dispose of any vehicle-related wastesuch as used motor oil, used batteries, brakepads, etc.
•When cleaning your vehicle, please use gen-uine Volvo car care products. All Volvo carcare products are formulated to be environ-mentally friendly.

Volvo XC90 T8 Twin Engine Plug-in
Hybrid
•If possible, precondition the vehicle with thecharging cable before driving.
•If preconditioning is not possible in coldweather, use the seat and steering wheelheating primarily. Avoid heating the entirepassenger compartment, which reduces thehybrid battery's charge level.
•Choose the Pure drive mode to help mini-mize electric power consumption.
•In hilly terrain, put the gear selector in modeB to utilize the electric motor's braking func-tion when the accelerator pedal is released.This helps charge the hybrid battery.

Related information
•Driving economically (p. 385)

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INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
142
SymbolMeaning
Oil pressure
If the symbol illuminates duringdriving, stop the vehicle, theengine oil level is too low. Stop theengine immediately and check theengine oil level. Add oil if neces-sary. If the oil level is normal andthe symbol remains illuminated,have the vehicle towed to thenearest authorized Volvo work-shop or trained and qualified Volvoservice technician.
Generator not charging
This symbol illuminates duringdriving if a fault has occurred inthe electrical system. Contact anauthorized Volvo workshop ortrained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician.
AUS modelsBCanadian models

WARNING
•If the fluid level is below the MIN mark inthe brake fluid reservoir or if a warningmessage is displayed in the text window:DO NOT DRIVE. Have the vehicle towedto a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician and have the brake systeminspected.
•If the BRAKE and ABS symbols illumi-nate at the same time, there is a risk ofreduced vehicle stability.

Door/hood/tailgate/fuel filler door
reminder
It a door, tailgate, the hood or the fuel filler doorare not closed properly, the information or warn-ing symbol will illuminate and a graphic will bedisplayed in the instrument panel.

Related information
•Instrument panel (p. 132)
•Indicator symbols in the instrument panel(p. 130)
Compass
The rear-view mirror has an integrated compassthat shows the direction in which the vehicle istraveling.
Rearview mirror with compass
Eight different directions are shown with theabbreviations: N (north) NE (northeast) E (east),SE (southeast) S (south), SW (southwest) W(west) NW (northwest)

Switching the compass on/off
The compass is displayed automatically when thevehicle is started or in ignition mode II.
To switch the compass on/off:
–Use a pen, paperclip or similar object andpress in the button on the underside of themirror.

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.376
Starting and driving
The vehicle is equipped with an automatic trans-mission that also makes it possible to shift gearsmanually.
Certain functions can also be used when theengine is not running, depending on the ignitionmode being used.

Related information
•Starting the engine (p. 402)
•Ignition modes (p. 400)
•Automatic transmission (p. 424)
•Opening/closing the fuel filler door (p. 393)
•Parking brake (p. 382)
Brakes
The brake system is a hydraulic system consist-ing of two separate brake circuits. If a problemshould occur in one of these circuits, it is stillpossible to stop the vehicle with the other brakecircuit.
Brake system
If one of the brake circuits is not functioning,more pressure will be needed on the brake pedal(and the pedal will go down farther) for normalbraking effect.
If the brake pedal must be depressed fartherthan normal and requires greater foot pressure,the stopping distance will be longer.
Pressure on the brake pedal is enhanced by thepower braking function.

WARNING
If the vehicle does not have electrical currentand both the electric motor and gasolineengine are switched off, the brakes cannot beused to stop the vehicle.
When the Hill Start Assist function is being used,it will take slightly longer for the brake pedal toreturn to its normal position if the vehicle isparked on an incline or uneven surface.
When driving in very hilly areas or if the vehicle iscarrying a heavy load, using brake mode B toaugment the brakes or the Off Road* drive
mode can also be used on steep downgrades toincrease the engine braking effect at low speeds.
Anti-lock Braking System ABS
The ABS system helps to improve vehicle control(stopping and steering) during severe brakingconditions by limiting brake lockup.
When ABS is operating, there may be somevibration in the brake pedal, which is normal.
The system performs a brief self-diagnostic testwhen the engine has been started and driverreleases the brake pedal. Another automatic testmay be performed when the vehicle first reachesa speed of approximately 6 mph (10 km/h). Thebrake pedal will pulsate several times and asound may be audible from the ABS controlmodule, which is normal.

Function check when the engine is
started
A Plug-in Hybrid is equipped with a "brake bywire" brake system. A function check is per-formed each time the engine is started and thedriver depresses the brake pedal to move thegear selector from P.
In certain cases, a message may appear in theinstrument panel saying that pressure on thebrake pedal is too low. Press harder on the pedal.

Light braking charges the hybrid battery
When the brakes are applied lightly, the electricmotor's braking function is used, which converts

STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
393
Opening/closing the fuel filler door
The fuel tank has a filling system that does nothave a cover.

Opening/closing the fuel filler door
An arrow next to the fuel pumpsymbol in the instrument panelindicates the side of the vehiclewhere the fuel filler door islocated.
1. Press the button on the lighting panel.
>Pressure equalization in the fuel tank cau-ses a slight delay before the fuel fillerdoor opens. Fuel tank Fuel lid isopening will be displayed in the instru-ment panel, followed by Fuel tank Readyfor refueling.
2.After refueling, close the fuel filler door bypressing lightly.
Refueling from a service station pump
To refuel:
1.Open the fuel filler door. Do not refuel with
the engine running1
2. Insert the pump's nozzle into the fuel fillerpipe's opening as far as possible (see theillustration).
3. Avoid overfilling the fuel tank. Do not pressthe handle on the filler nozzle after it hasstopped pumping. Too much fuel in the tankin hot weather conditions can cause the fuelto overflow. Overfilling could also cause dam-age to the emission control systems.
1If the engine is running when the vehicle is refueled, the Check Engine Light (malfunction indicator lamp) may indicate a fault. However, your vehicle's performance will not be affected.

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STARTING AND DRIVING
422
When the hybrid battery's charge level is low, thegasoline engine will start more often to help con-serve electrical energy. Charge the battery withthe charging cable as soon as possible.

PURE
This mode activates the electric motor only withas low energy consumption as possible and thelowest possible carbon dioxide emissions.
Ground clearance will be lowered to help reducewind resistance and certain climate system func-tions will be reduced.
Pure mode is available when the hybrid battery issufficiently charged. If the level gets too low, thegasoline engine will start.
The gasoline engine will also start:
•If the vehicle's speed goes above approx.78 mph (125 km/h)
•If the driver wants more response than theelectric motor alone can provide
•If factors such as cold weather, etc., affectthe system or components
To restart the climate system functions that havebeen reduced in the mode, press the AUTO ordefroster buttons.
In order to return to full functionality for all of thesystems that may be affected by Pure mode,select another drive mode or adapt the climatesystem functions using the INDIVIDUAL mode.
OFF ROAD
This mode helps maximize the vehicle's capacityto traverse difficult terrain or poor roads.
In OFF ROAD, ground clearance is maximized,the steering is light, All Wheel Drive and HillDescent Control are activated and a compassand altimeter will be displayed in the instrumentpanel.
This drive mode can only be activated at lowspeeds (the permissible speed range will beshown on the speedometer). At higher speeds,OFF ROAD mode will be cancelled and AWD willbe activated.
This mode is not intended for normal streetdriving.

CAUTION
OFF ROAD drive mode may not be used ifthe vehicle is towing a trailer without an elec-trical connection. This could result in damageto the pneumatic suspension system's bel-lows.
Due to the increased ground clearance, if theOFF ROAD mode was selected when the enginewas switched off, it will also restart in this mode.

AWD
This mode offers improved traction using four-wheel drive and is intended primarily for low-speed driving on slippery surfaces. However, it
also helps increase directional stability at higherspeeds.
In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas-oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.
POWER
Power mode is intended for sportier, more activedriving.
This mode maximizes the combined effects ofthe electric motor and the gasoline engine andprovides power to all four wheels. Response topressure on the accelerator pedal is more imme-diate and the transmission shifts up at higherspeeds. Steering response is also more immedi-ate, the suspension is stiffer and lower groundclearance reduces body roll when cornering.
In this mode, both the electric motor and the gas-oline engine are used continuously, which resultsin higher fuel consumption.

WHEELS AND TIRES
486

CAUTION
•Snow chains should not be used onwheels larger than 19".
•Always follow the chain manufacturer'sinstallation instructions carefully. Installchains as tightly as possible andretighten periodically.
•Check local regulations regarding the useof snow chains before installing.
•Use single-sided snow chains only.
•Never exceed the chain manufacturer'sspecified maximum speed limit. (Underno circumstances should you exceed31 mph (50 km/h).
•Avoid bumps, holes or sharp turns whendriving with snow chains.
•The handling of the vehicle can beadversely affected when driving withchains. Avoid fast or sharp turns as wellas locked wheel braking.
Checking tire inflation pressure
Correct tire inflation pressure helps improve driv-ing stability, save fuel and increase the servicelife of the tires.

WARNING
•Under-inflation is the most commoncause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation, or"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-cle control and increased risk of injury.
•Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-rying capacity of your vehicle.

Cold tires
Inflation pressure should be checked when thetires are cold.
The tires are considered to be cold whenthey have the same temperature as the sur-rounding (ambient) air.
This temperature is normally reached after thevehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile(1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If youhave to drive farther than this distance to pumpyour tire(s), check and record the tire pressurefirst and add the appropriate air pressure whenyou get to the pump.
When weather temperature changes occur, tireinflation pressures also change. A 10-degree
temperature drop causes a corresponding dropof 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check yourtire pressures frequently and adjust them to theproper pressure, which can be found on the vehi-cle's tire information placard or certification label.
If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot,never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tiresare hot from driving and it is normal for pressuresto increase above recommended cold pressures.A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflationpressure could be significantly under-inflated.
Recommended inflation pressures
Tire inflation placard
A tire inflation pressure placard is located on thedriver's side B-pillar (the structural member at theside of the vehicle, at the rear of the driver's dooropening). This placard indicates the designation

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WHEELS AND TIRES
492
the inflation pressure recommended by the vehi-cle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tireinflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tiresof a different size than the size indicated on thevehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, youshould determine the proper tire inflation pres-sure for those tires.)
As an added safety feature, your vehicle hasbeen equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres-sure telltale when one or more of your tires issignificantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when thelow tire pressure telltale illuminates, you shouldstop and check your tires as soon as possible,and inflate them to the proper pressure.
Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire cau-ses the tire to overheat and can lead to tire fail-ure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiencyand tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle'shandling and stopping ability. Please note thatthe TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire main-tenance, and it is the driver's responsibility tomaintain correct tire pressure, even if under-infla-tion has not reached the level to trigger illumina-tion of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with aTPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when thesystem is not operating properly. The TPMS mal-function indicator is combined with the low tirepressure telltale.
When the system detects a malfunction, the tell-tale will flash for approximately one minute andthen remain continuously illuminated. Thissequence will continue upon subsequent vehiclestart-ups as long as the malfunction exists. Whenthe malfunction indicator is illuminated, the sys-tem may not be able to detect or signal low tirepressure as intended.
TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety ofreasons, including the installation of replacementor alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle thatprevent the TPMS from functioning properly.Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale afterreplacing one or more tires or wheels on yourvehicle to ensure that the replacement or alter-nate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to con-tinue to function properly.

Messages in the instrument panel
When the TPMS symbol illuminates, the followingtext messages may also be displayed:
•Tire pressure low
•Tire pressure system Temporarilyunavailable
•Tire pressure system Service required
If TPMS cannot determine which tire(s) have lowinflation pressure:
•All four tires will be shown as affected in thecenter display
After changing wheels, always calibrate the sys-tem to avoid false warnings.
TPMS does not replace the need for regular tireinspection and maintenance.
NOTE
If you change to tires with a different dimen-sion than the factory-installed ones, theTPMS system must be calibrated for thesetires.
TPMS cannot be turned off.

WARNING
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead to tirefailure, resulting in a loss of control of thevehicle.

Related information
•Checking tire inflation pressure (p. 493)
•Reinflating tires equipped with the TirePressure Monitoring System (TPMS)(p. 494)
•Ignition modes (p. 400)