2017 VOLVO XC90 brake sensor

DRIVER SUPPORT
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* Option/accessory.283
Pilot Assist*
The Pilot Assist feature helps keep the vehicle in its current traffic lane by providing steeringassistance and maintaining an even speed and aset time interval to the vehicle ahead.
FunctionPilot Assist helps provide more relaxed driving on long trips on highways or other major roads in aneven flow of traffic.
Function overview (generic illustration)
Windshield module containing the camera/ radar sensor
Monitoring distance
Monitoring side marker lines
The driver sets the desired time interval to the vehicle ahead. Pilot Assist monitors that vehicleand the traffic lane's side market lines using the camera and radar sensor mounted in the upper,center section of the windshield. It helps maintainthe set time interval by automatically adjustingspeed and by providing steering assistance tohelp keep your vehicle in the lane. Pilot Assist's steering assistance is based on monitoring the direction of the vehicle ahead andthe traffic lane's side marker lines. The driver canalways override Pilot Assist and steer the vehicleto e.g., change lanes, etc. If the camera and radar sensor cannot detect the lane's side marker lines, Pilot Assist will tempo-rarily switch off the steering assistance until thelane's side marker lines become visible again andcan be detected. However, the function's speedand distance monitoring will continue to be acti-vated.
WARNING
Pilot Assist's steering assistance may switch on or off without warning.
The color of the steering wheel symbol indicates the currentstatus of the steering assis-tance function: GREEN: steering assistance is active
GRAY (as in the illustration): steering assistanceis deactivated
WARNING
• Pilot Assist is designed to be a supple- mentary driving aid and cannot cover alldriving situations, traffic, weather and/orroad conditions.
• The driver should be familiar with all ofthe information in this article regardingPilot Assist, including its limitations.
• Pilot Assist is not intended to replace thedriver's attention and judgement.
• Pilot Assist must only be used wherethere are clearly visible traffic lane sidemarker lines on both sides of the currenttraffic lane. In other circumstances thereis an increased risk of collision with sur-rounding obstacles that are not detectedby the system.
• The driver is always responsible for steer-ing the vehicle and maintaining a suitablespeed and distance to the vehicle aheadand must intervene if necessary, even ifPilot Assist is being used.
Pilot Assist attempts to regulate speed smoothlybut in situations calling for fast braking, the drivermust apply the brakes. This applies to situationswhere there are considerable differences inspeed or if the vehicle ahead brakes suddenly.Due to the limitations of the camera and radar

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DRIVER SUPPORT
284sensor, the system may apply the brakes in your vehicle suddenly or not at all. Pilot Assist is designed to follow a vehicle ahead in the same traffic lane at a preset time intervalset by the driver. If the radar sensor does notdetect a vehicle ahead, the vehicle will insteadmaintain the speed set by the driver. This will alsobe the case if a vehicle ahead accelerates andexceeds the set speed.
• Pilot Assist can follow another vehicle from astandstill up to a speed of approx. 125 mph(200 km/h)
• Pilot Assist can provide steering assistancefrom very low speeds up to approx. 87 mph(140 km/h).
Never exceed posted speed limits.
WARNING
• Pilot Assist is not a collision avoidance system. The driver must react if the sys-tem does not detect another vehicle.
• Pilot Assist does not react to people, ani-mals, stationary objects, small vehicles(such as bicycles and motorcycles), lowtrailers and slow moving, parked orapproaching vehicles.
• Do not use Pilot Assist in demandingdriving conditions such as city driving orother heavy traffic situations, in areas withintersections, in slippery conditions, whenthere is a great deal of water or slush onthe road, during heavy rain or snow, inpoor visibility, on winding roads, on high-way on- or off-ramps or if the vehicle istowing a trailer, boat, etc.
NOTE
•Pilot Assist maintenance should only be carried out by a trained and qualifiedVolvo service technician.
• Pilot Assist regulates your vehicle'sspeed using the accelerator pedal andthe brakes. Please be aware that theremay be a faint sound from the brakeswhen the system is using them.
Pilot Assist overview
Controls
Function buttons and symbols (generic illustration)
Increase set speed or resume Pilot Assist set speed and distance (time interval) to thevehicle ahead
Press to activate Pilot Assist or put it in standby mode
Change from Pilot Assist to Adaptive Cruise Control
Reduce set speed
Increase the distance (time interval) to the vehicle ahead
Change from Adaptive Cruise Control to Pilot Assist
Reduce the distance (time interval) to the vehicle ahead

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Function symbol
Distance and target vehicle symbol
Steering assistance symbol
Instrument panel
Speed indication (generic illustration)
Set speed
Speed of the vehicle ahead
Your vehicle's current speed.
See also the article "Pilot assist symbols and messages" for additional information.
Collision warning
Warning light in the windshield
Pilot Assist can exert brake force that is equiva- lent to approximately 40% of the vehicle's totalbraking capacity. In situations requiring more brake force than Pilot Assist can provide and if the driver does notapply the brakes, an audible signal and warninglight will illuminate in the windshield to alert thedriver to react.
NOTE
Strong sunlight, reflections, extreme light con- trasts, the use of sunglasses, or if the driver isnot looking straight ahead may make the vis-ual warning signal in the windshield difficult tosee.
WARNING
Pilot Assist only provides warnings for vehi- cles that its radar sensor and camera havedetected. For this reason, a warning may begiven later than expected or not at all. Thedriver should never wait for a warning beforeapplying the brakes.

DRIVER SUPPORT
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* Option/accessory.291
In standby mode, the driver will have to regulate the vehicle's speed and the distance to the vehi-cle ahead. When Pilot Assist is in standby mode and your vehicle comes too close to another vehicle, thedriver will be alerted by the Distance Alert func-tion.
Standby mode due to action by the driver
Pilot Assist is temporarily deactivated and put in standby mode if:
• the brakes are applied
• The gear selector is moved to
N
• the turn signals are used for more than1 minute
• the vehicle is driven faster than the setspeed for more than 1 minute.
A temporary increase in speed, such as whenpassing another vehicle, does not affect the PilotAssist set speed. The vehicle will return to the setspeed when the accelerator pedal is released. When the turn signals are used, Pilot Assist's steering function will be temporarily deactivated.When this is no longer the case, the steeringfunction will reactivate if the traffic lane's sidemarker lines can still be detected.
Automatic standby mode
Pilot Assist interacts with other systems, such as Electronic Stability Control. If any of these other systems are not functioning properly, Pilot Assistwill automatically be deactivated.
WARNING
If this happens, the driver will be alerted by an audible signal and a message in the instru-ment panel. The driver will have to adapt thevehicle's speed, apply the brakes when nec-essary and keep a safe distance to the vehicleahead.
Pilot Assist switches automatically to standby mode if: • the vehicle's speed is below approx. 3 mph(5 km/h) and Pilot Assist cannot determine ifa vehicle ahead is a stationary vehicle or anobject.
• the vehicle's speed is below approx. 3 mph(5 km/h) and the vehicle ahead turns so thatPilot Assist no longer has a vehicle to follow(target vehicle).
• the driver's hands are not on the steeringwheel
• the driver's door is opened
• the driver unbuckles the seat belt
• engine speed (rpm) is too high/low
• the wheels lose traction
• brake temperature is too high
• the parking brake is set •
The camera lens/radar sensor is covered bye.g., snow or if heavy rain interferes withradar wavesReactivating Pilot Assist from standby
mode
Generic illustration
–Press the button (1).
> The most recently set speed will be used.
WARNING
There may be a significant increase in speed after the
button has been pressed.
Related information
• Pilot Assist
* (p. 283)
• Starting and activating Pilot Assist (p. 286)
• Changing Pilot Assist speed (p. 288)

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DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.
294
WARNING
Pilot Assist is not a collision avoidance sys- tem. The driver is always responsible forsteering or applying the brakes if the systemdoes not detect another vehicle. Do not use Pilot Assist in demanding driving conditions such as city driving or other heavytraffic situations, in slippery conditions, whenthere is a great deal of water or slush on theroad, during heavy rain or snow, in poor visibil-ity, on winding roads or on highway on- or off-ramps. In certain situations, it may be difficult for Pilot Assist to assist the driver correctly or to deac-tivate automatically. In such cases, it is advisa-ble not to use Pilot Assist. Examples of suchsituations may be:
• the lane's side market lines are missing, badly faded or cross each other.
• the division of lanes is not clear, e.g.,when a line divides or merges withanother, at exits or if there are many roadsigns/markers.
• there are edges or other lines on or nearthe lane, e.g., curbs, cracks, repairedareas, sharp shadows, etc.
• the lane is narrow or winding.
• the lane is at the top of a hill, on anuneven road surface or over a bump.
•bad weather conditions (rain, snow, fog, slush, poor visibility, backlighting, etc).
The driver should also be aware that Pilot Assist has the following limitations: • High curbs, barriers and temporary obsta- cles (cones, barriers etc) may not bedetected or could be detected incorrectlyas side marker lines, which may create arisk of collision. The driver must ensure asafe distance to these obstacles.
• The camera or radar sensor may not beable to detect objects if there are pot-holes or if there are stationary objectspartially or completely blocking the road.
• Pilot Assist does not "see" pedestrians,animals, etc.
• Pilot Assist's steering capacity is limitedand may not always be able to help thedriver keep the vehicle in the lane.
The driver can always take action to override PilotAssist.
Steep roads and/or heavy loadsPilot Assist is primarily intended for use on rela-tively level roads. The function may not be able tomaintain the correct time interval to the vehicleahead on when driving down steep hills. Thedriver should be attentive and prepared to applythe brakes in these situations. Do not use Pilot Assist when the vehicle is trans-porting a heavy load or if it is towing a trailer.
Additional information
•
The Off Road drive mode cannot be
selected if Pilot Assist is activated.
• Pilot Assist uses the vehicle's camera and radar sensor, which have certain general limi-tations. See the articles "Camera limitations"and "Radar sensor limitations" for additionalinformation.
Related information
•
Pilot Assist
* (p. 283)
• Starting and activating Pilot Assist (p. 286)
• Changing Pilot Assist speed (p. 288)
• Setting a Pilot Assist time interval (p. 289)
• Changing target vehicles and automaticbraking with Pilot Assist (p. 292)
• Deactivating/resuming Pilot Assist (p. 290)
• Passing Assistance with Adaptive CruiseControl or Pilot Assist (p. 277)
• Pilot Assist symbols and messages (p. 295)
• Radar sensor limitations (p. 297)
• Camera limitations (p. 301)

DRIVER SUPPORT
304
City Safety™
City Safety ™ is a support system designed to
help alert the driver to pedestrians, cyclists, large animals and vehicles that may appear suddenlyin front of your vehicle by providing visual, audi-ble and haptic alerts. The vehicle will brake auto-matically if the driver is unable to react quicklyenough.
City Safety introduction
Location of the camera and radar sensor (generic illus- tration)
City Safety can help prevent a collision or lower the vehicle's speed at the point of impact.
WARNING
• City Safety
™ is a supplemental aid to the
driver. It can never replace the driver

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WARNING
Warnings will only be provided if there is an imminent risk of a collision taking place. Thedriver should be aware of the system's limita-tions before operating the vehicle. Warnings and automatic braking for pedes- trians and cyclists are deactivated at speedsabove approx. 43 mph (70 km/h). City Safety's auto-brake function can help prevent a collision or reduce the speed atwhich a collision occurs. However, the drivershould always apply the brakes, even if auto-brake is operating. The driver is always responsible for maintain- ing the correct speed and distance in relationto the vehicle ahead. Never wait for a collisionwarning or for City Safety to intervene. City Safety does not activate the auto-brake function during fast acceleration. City Safety maintenance may only be carried out by a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician.
Function overview
Audio-visual collision warning
Distance monitoring by a camera and radar sensor
When triggered, City Safety carries out threesteps in the following order: 1. Collision warning
2. Brake assistance
3. Auto-brake
1: Collision warningThe driver is first alerted to the risk of an immi- nent collision. City Safety can detect pedestrians, cyclists or vehicles that are stationary, are moving in thesame direction as your vehicle or are in your vehi-cle's path. City Safety can also detect pedestrians, large ani-mals or cyclists that are crossing in front of yourvehicle. If there is a risk of a collision with a pedestrian, cyclist, large animal or a vehicle, as well as vehi-cles described in the article "City Safety in cross-ing traffic," the driver will be alerted by a flashingred warning signal, an audible signal and a hapticwarning in the form of pulsations in the brakepedal. At lower speeds, during hard braking or ifthe accelerator pedal is pressed, the haptic warn-ing will not be given.
2: Brake assistanceIf the risk of a collision increases, brake supportwill be activated. This function increases pressure on the brake pedal if the driver does not apply enough pres-sure to the pedal.
3: Auto-brakeThe brakes will be applied automatically. If the driver has not taken action at this stage and a collision is imminent, auto-braking will be trig-gered. Full braking effect will be used to avoidthe collision if possible or to make the speed atthe point of impact as low as possible. In certain situations, auto-braking may begin with limited effect before full braking is used. If City Safety has prevented a collision, the vehi- cle will be kept at a standstill until the driver

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory.337
Side park assist
The system's side sensors are activated automat- ically when the engine is started and are active atspeeds below approximately 6 mph (10 km/h). The distance monitored along the sides of the vehicle is approximately 1 ft (30 cm). The audiblesignal comes from the side speakers.
Front park assist
The system's front sensors are activated auto- matically when the engine is started and areactive at speeds below approximately 6 mph(10 km/h). The distance monitored in front of the vehicle is approximately 2.5 ft (80 cm). The audible signalcomes from the front speakers. Front Park Assist is deactivated if the parking brake is applied or if the gear selector is put in P.
When installing auxiliary headlights, be sure that they do not obstruct the front sensors. Otherwise,these lights could trigger a Park Assist warning.
Related information
• Activating/deactivating Park Assist (p. 337)
• Park Assist limitations (p. 338)
• Park assist symbols and messages (p. 339)
Activating/deactivating Park Assist
The Park Assist system can be turned on or off.
On/OffPark Assist's front and side sensors are activated automatically when the engine is started. Therear sensors activate if the vehicle rolls rearward in N or if R is selected.
This function can be activated/ deactivated in the center dis-play's Function view.
–Tap the Park Assist button.
> Green indicator: the function is active. Gray indicator: the function is deactivated.
Related information
• Park Assist
* (p. 336)
• Park Assist limitations (p. 338)
• Park assist symbols and messages (p. 339)