WHEELS AND TIRES
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447
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
ALL PASSENGER VEHICLE TIRES MUST CONFORM TO FEDERAL SAFETY REQUIRE-MENTS IN ADDITION TO THESE GRADES .
Quality grades can be found, where applica- ble, on the tire sidewall between the treadshoulder and maximum section width. Forexample: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A
TREADWEARThe treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specified gov-ernment test course. For example, a tire graded150 would wear one and one half (1 ½) times aswell on the government course as a tire graded100. The relative performance of tires dependsupon the actual conditions of their use, however,and many depart significantly from the norm dueto variation in driving habits, maintenance practi-ces and differences in road characteristics andclimate.
TRACTIONThe traction grades, from highest to lowest, areAA, A, B, and C, as measured under controlledconditions on specified government test surfacesof asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C mayhave poor traction performance. The tractiongrade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) traction tests and is not a meas-ure of cornering (turning) traction.
WARNING
The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking (straight-ahead) tractiontests and is not a measure of cornering (turn-ing) traction.
TEMPERATUREThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to thegeneration of heat and its ability to dissipate heatwhen tested under controlled conditions on aspecified indoor laboratory test wheel. Sustainedhigh temperature can cause the material of thetire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and exces-sive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure.The grade C corresponds to a minimum level ofperformance that all passenger vehicle tires mustmeet under the Federal Motor Safety StandardNo. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levelsof performance on the laboratory test wheel thanthe minimum required by law.
WARNING
The temperature grade for this tire is estab- lished for a tire that is properly inflated andnot overloaded. Excessive speed, under-infla-tion, or excessive loading, either separately orin combination, can cause heat buildup andtire failure.
Snow tires and chains
The use of snow chains and/or winter tires can help improve traction in winter driving conditions.
Snow chains can be used on your Volvo with the following restrictions:
• Snow chains should be installed on frontwheels only. Use only Volvo approved snowchains.
• If accessory, aftermarket or "custom" tiresand wheels are installed and are of a size dif-ferent than the original tires and wheels,chains in some cases CANNOT be used.Sufficient clearances between chains andbrakes, suspension and body componentsmust be maintained.
• Some strap-on type chains will interfere withbrake components and therefore CANNOTbe used.
• All Wheel Drive models
: Snow chains
should only be installed on the front wheels.
• Certain size tires may not allow the assemblyof snow chains/traction devices.
Consult your Volvo retailer for additional snowchain information.
INDEX
543
T
Technician certification 53 Temperatureperceived 178
Temperature sensor ambient 114
Temporary spare tire 451Tethering wi-fi sharing 431
Three-way catalytic converter 364
Tire inflation pressure 532
Tire Pressure Monitoring System 455, 457 calibrating 458
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) 458
Tires 440, 450 changing 450
changing from summer to winter 445
glossary of terms 444
improving economy 440
inflation pressure 448
inflation pressure table 532installing (mounting) a wheel on the
vehicle 454
rotation 441
snow 447
spare 451
specifications 442
storing 441
studded 447
tire pressure monitoring system 455, 457
tire sealing system 459, 461, 465
tread wear indicator 445
uniform tire quality grading 447
wheel bolts 452
Tire sealing system 459, 461, 465 Top tether anchors (child restraint sys- tems) 86
Touching up paint 516, 517
Towbar 368
Towing a trailer 366, 369 trailer hitch 368
Towing eyelet 357
Towing the vehicle 359
Traction control 243
Trailer hitch 368
Trailer towing 366, 369 trailer hitch 368
Transmission gear shift indicator 384
general description 382, 384
Hill Start Assist 350
oil 533
shifting with steering wheel paddles 386
shiftlock override 383Travel Link 401Alerts 404
Fuel 405
Sports 406
weather 403
Tread wear indicator 445
Trip computer 95, 96, 97 reset 96
Trip odometers 95
Trips, long distance 353
Trip statistics 97Trunk locking/unlocking (private locking) 233 operating with the foot movement sen-
sor 232
power release 230
Turn signals 146 changing bulbs 496
U
Uniform Tire Quality Grading 447
Unlocking the vehicle 223, 224, 228
USB/AUX connection 414, 423
User profile 172