2017 Seat Leon 5D cooling

Driving
power steering only works when the engine
i s
ru
nning.
In city traffic you do not need to turn so much
on parking, manoeuvring or in very tight
turns.
On the road or on the motorway, progressive
steering transmits, for example, in bends, a
sportier, more direct and noticeably more dy-
namic driving sensation.
Run-in and economical driving
Runnin
g in the engine A new vehicle should be run in over a dis-
t
anc
e of

1500 km (1000 miles). For the first
1,000 km the engine speed should not ex-
ceed 2/3 of the maximum permissible engine
speed. In doing so, do not accelerate at full
throttle and do not drive with a trailer! From
1000 to 1500 km (600 to 1000 miles) you
can gradually increase the engine rpm and
road speed.
During its first few hours of running, the in-
ternal friction in the engine is greater than
later on when all the moving parts have bed-
ded down.
How the vehicle is driven for the first 1,500
km influences the future engine perform-
ance. Subsequently, also drive at a moderate
rate, especially when the engine is still cold: this will lead to less engine wear and tear
and wil

l prolong its useful life.
You should also avoid driving with the engine
speed too low. Change down to a lower gear
when the engine no longer runs “smoothly”.
If the engine revs too much, cut fuel injection
to protect the engine.
Environmental compatibility Environmental protection is a top priority in
the des
ign, c

hoice of materials and manufac-
ture of your new SEAT.
Constructive measures to encourage recy-
cling
● Joints and connections designed for easy
dism antlin

g.
● Modular construction to facilitate disman-
tling.
● Incr

eased use of single-grade materials.
● Plastic parts and elastomers are marked in
accor
dance with ISO 1043, ISO 11469 and
ISO 1629.
Choice of materials
● Use of recycled materials.
● Use of compatible plastics in the same part
if its c
omponents are not easily separated. ●
Use of r
ecycled materials and/or materials
originating from renewable sources.
● Reduction of volatile components, includ-
ing odour, in p
lastic materials.
● Use of CFC-free coolants.
Ban on heavy
metals, with the exceptions
dictated by law (Annex II of ELV Directive
2000/53/EC): cadmium, lead, mercury, hexa-
valent chromium.
Manufacturing methods
● Reduction of the quantity of thinner in the
protectiv
e wax for cavities.
● Use of plastic film as protection during ve-
hicle tr
ansport.
● Use of solvent-free adhesives.
● Use of CFC-free coolants in cooling sys-
tems.
● Recy

cling and energy recovery from resi-
dues (RDF).
● Impr

ovement in the quality of waste water.
● Use of systems for the recovery of residual
heat (therm
al recovery, enthalpy wheels,
etc.).
● The use of water-soluble paints.
199
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Towing bracket device
If a towing bracket is to be fitted after the ve-
hic l
e i
s purchased, this must be completed
according to the instructions of the towing
bracket manufacturer.
The attachment points for the towing bracket A are on the lower part of the vehicle.
The di s
t

ance between the centre of the ball
coupling and the ground should never be
lower than the indicated value, even with a
fully loaded vehicle and including the maxi-
mum drawbar load.
Elevation values for securing the towing
bracket:
B65 mm (minimum)
C350 mm to 420 mm (fully laden vehicle)
D1040 mm
E317 mm
FLEON/LEON SCLEON ST
319 mm596 mm Fitting a towing bracket
●
Driving with a trailer involves an extra effort
f or the
v

ehicle. Therefore, before fitting a
towing bracket, please contact a Technical
Service to check whether your cooling system
needs modification. ●
The leg
al requirements in your country
must be observed (e.g. the fitting of a sepa-
rate control lamp).
● Certain vehicle components, e.g. the rear
bumper, mu
st be removed and reinstalled.
The towing bracket securing bolts must be
tightened using a torque wrench, and a pow-
er socket must be connected to the vehicle
electrical system. This requires specialised
knowledge and tools.
● Figures in the illustration show the eleva-
tion value and the att
achment points which
must be considered if you are retrofitting a
towing bracket. WARNING
The towing brackets should be fitted at a spe-
ci a

lised workshop.
● If the towing bracket is incorrectly instal-
led, there i
s a serious danger of accident.
● For your own safety, please observe the tow
brack
et manufacturer's instructions. CAUTION
● If the po w

er socket is incorrectly installed,
this could cause damage to the vehicle elec-
trical system. Note
● SEA T r

ecommends that the towing hooks
be fitted at a specialised workshop. Consult your SEAT dealer in case additional modifica-
tions
t

o your vehicle are necessary.
● Due to the specific design of the exhaust,
the fitting of a c
onventional towing hook is
not recommended for some sportier versions.
Please consult your Technical Service. 255
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Advice
is equipped with a particulate filter, the sul-
phur c ont
ent
of the fuel must be below 50
parts per million.
Winter-grade diesel
Summer fuel becomes thicker in winter and it
is more difficult to start the engine. For this
reason, petrol stations in some countries al-
so offer winter diesel with improved fluidity
when cold (winter-grade diesel).
Water in the fuel filter 1)
If your vehicle has a diesel engine and is
equipped with a fuel filter with a water sepa-
rator, the instrument panel may display the
following warning:  Water in the
fuel filter. If this is the case, take the
vehicle to a specialised workshop so that
they can drain the fuel filter. CAUTION
● The v ehic

le is not designed for the use of
FAME fuel (biodiesel). The fuel system would
be damaged if you used biodiesel.
● Do not mix fuel additives, the so-called
“thinners”, petro
l or similar additives with
diesel fuel.
● If poor-quality diesel fuel is used, it may be
neces
sary to drain the fuel filter more fre-
quently than is specified in the Maintenance Programme. We recommend having this done
by
a s

pecialised workshop. If water is allowed
to collect in the filter, this can cause engine
performance problems. Natural gas
Natural gas can be compressed or in liquid
form, a
d

dition to others.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the result of
heavy cooling of natural gas. Therefore its
volume is considerably reduced compared
with compressed natural gas (CNG). In vehi-
cles with a natural gas engine, liquefied nat-
ural gas cannot be directly refilled, as the gas
would expand excessively in the vehicle gas
tank.
Therefore, vehicles with a natural gas engine
must only be refuelled using compressed
natural gas ››› .
Nat ur
a

l gas quality and consumption
Natural gas is divided into the groups H and
L depending on its quality.
Gas type H has a superior heating power and
inferior nitrogen and carbon dioxide content
than type L. The higher the heating power of the natural gas, the lower the consumption
wil

l be.
However, the heating power and the propor-
tion of nitrogen and carbon dioxide can fluc-
tuate within the quality groups. Therefore, ve-
hicle consumption can also vary when using
a single type of gas only.
The engine management automatically
adapts to the natural gas used according to
its quality. Therefore, different quality gases
can be mixed in the tank, without the need
for comprehensive draining before applying a
different quality gas.
Updated information relating to natural gas
quality is displayed on the instrument panel
›››  page 36.
Natural gas and safety
If you can smell gas or suspect that there is a
leak ››› :
● Stop the vehicle immediately.
● Switch the ignition off.
● Open the doors to appropriately ventilate
the v
ehic

le.
● Extinguish cigarettes immediately.
● Move away from the vehicle or switch off
obj
ects that may cause sparks or a fire. 1)
Valid for the market: Algeria.
268

Checking and refilling levels
●
Tak e c
are not to cause short circuits in the
electrical system, especially when working
on the battery.
● If working inside the engine compartment,
remember that, ev
en when the ignition is
switched off, the radiator fan may start up au-
tomatically, and therefore there is a risk of in-
jury.
● Never cover the engine with additional in-
sul
ating materials such as a blanket. Risk of
fire!
● Do not unscrew the cap on the coolant ex-
pans
ion tank when the engine is hot. The
cooling system is under pressure.
● Protect face, hands and arms by covering
the cap with a l
arge, thick rag to protect
against escaping coolant and steam.
● If it is necessary to work in the engine com-
partment
while the engine is running, the ro-
tating components (for example, poly-V belt,
alternator, radiator fan) and the high voltage
ignition system are an additional hazard.
● Observe the following additional warnings
if work
on the fuel system or the electrical
system is necessary:
– Always disconnect the battery from the
on-board network.
– Do not smoke.
– Never work near naked flames.
– Always keep an approved fire extinguish-
er immediately available. CAUTION
When topping up fluids make sure the correct
fluid is p

ut into the correct filler opening, oth-
erwise this can cause serious malfunctions or
engine damage. For the sake of the environment
Inspect the ground underneath your vehicle
re gu

larly so that any leaks are detected at an
early stage. If you find spots of oil or other
fluids in the area where it was parked, have
your vehicle inspected at the workshop. Note
In right-hand drive vehicles* some brake flu-
id re ser

voirs are on the other side of the en-
gine compartment ››› Fig. 247. Opening the bonnet
Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›

 page 17
The bonnet is released from inside the vehi-
cle.
Check that the windscreen wiper arms are
not unfolded. Otherwise the paint may be
damaged.
The bonnet can only be unlocked when the
driver door is open. WARNING
Never open the bonnet if you see steam or
drips of

coolant being released from the en-
gine compartment. Failure to comply could
result in burns. Wait until no steam or coolant
can be seen before opening the bonnet. Closing the bonnet
–
Slightly lift the bonnet.
– Release the bonnet stay before pressing it
bac k

into its support.
– Carefully close the bonnet.
– Press the bonnet down until it locks into
plac

e.
– Make sure that the bonnet catches onto its
cla

sp. Do not press down too hard ››› .
WARNING
● For s af

ety reasons the bonnet must always
be completely closed when the vehicle is
moving. Therefore, after closing the bonnet,
always check that the locking element is
properly engaged. This is the case if the bon-
net is flush with the adjacent body panels.
● Should you notice that the bonnet is not
safely
secured when the vehicle is moving,
stop the vehicle immediately and close the
bonnet. Failure to follow this instruction
could result in an accident. 271
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Advice
CAUTION
If the oil level is above area ››› Fig. 248 A , do
not s t
art the engine. This could result in dam-
age to the engine and catalytic converter.
Contact a specialised workshop. For the sake of the environment
The oil level must never be above area
›› ›

Fig. 248 A . Otherwise oil can be drawn in
through the c r
ankcase breather and escape
into the atmosphere via the exhaust system. Note
Before a long trip, we recommend finding an
engine oi l

that conforms to the correspond-
ing VW specifications and recommend keep-
ing it in the vehicle. This way, the correct en-
gine oil will always be available for a top-up if
needed. Changing engine oil
Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›

 page 59.
The engine oil must be changed at the inter-
vals given in the service schedule.
We recommend that you have the engine oil
changed by a Technical Service.
The oil change intervals are shown in the
Maintenance Programme. WARNING
Only change the engine oil yourself if you
hav e the s

pecialist knowledge required!
● Before opening the bonnet, read and ob-
serve the w
arnings ››› page 270.
● Wait for the engine to cool down. Hot oil
may
cause burn injuries.
● Wear eye protection to avoid injuries, such
as ac
id burns, caused by splashes of oil.
● When removing the oil drain plug with your
finger
s, keep your arm horizontal to help pre-
vent oil from running down your arm.
● Wash your skin thoroughly if it comes into
contact
with engine oil.
● Engine oil is poisonous! Used oil must be
stor
ed in a safe place out of the reach of chil-
dren. CAUTION
No additives should be used with engine oil.
This c

ould result in engine damage. Any dam-
age caused by the use of such additives
would not be covered by the factory warranty. For the sake of the environment
● Bec au

se of disposal problems and the spe-
cial tools and specialist knowledge required,
we recommend that you have the engine oil
and filter changed by a Technical Service.
● Never pour oil down drains or into the
ground. ●
Use a s uit

able container when draining the
used oil. It must be large enough to hold all
the engine oil. Cooling system
Top pin

g up coolant Read the additional information carefully
›› ›

 page 60
Top up coolant when the level is below the
MIN (minimum) mark.
Checking coolant level
– Park the vehicle in a horizontal position.
– Switch the ignition off.
– Read off the coolant level on coolant ex-
pan s

ion tank. When the engine is cold, the
coolant level should be between the marks.
When the engine is hot, it may be slightly
above the upper mark.
Topping up coolant
– Wait for the engine to cool down.
– Cover the coolant expansion tank cap with
a cloth and car

efully unscrew it to the left
››› .
– Top up the coolant only if there is still cool-
ant in the e xp

ansion tank, otherwise you
274

Checking and refilling levels
could d amage the engine. If there is no
c oo
lant in the expansion tank, do not con-
tinue driving. You should obtain professio-
nal assistance ››› .
– If there is still some coolant in the expan-
sion t
ank, t

op up to the upper mark.
– Top up with coolant until the level becomes
stab

le.
– Screw the cap back on correctly.
Any lo
ss of coolant fluid normally indicates a
leak in the cooling system. Take the vehicle
straight to a specialised workshop to have
the cooling system examined. If there are no
leaks in the engine cooling system, a loss of
coolant can only occur if the coolant boils
and is forced out of the system as a result of
overheating. WARNING
● The coo lin

g system is under pressure. Do
not unscrew the cap on the coolant expan-
sion tank when the engine is hot: risk of
burns!
● The antifreeze and coolant fluid can be a
health h
azard. Therefore, the antifreeze
should be stored in the original container in a
safe place out of reach of children. Failure to
comply could result in poisoning.
● If working inside the engine compartment,
remember that, ev
en when the ignition is
switched off, the radiator fan may start up au- tomatically, and therefore there is a risk of in-
jury
. WARNING
If there is not enough anti-freeze in the cool-
ant sys

tem, the engine may fail leading to se-
rious damage.
● Please make sure that the percentage of
additiv
e is correct with respect to the lowest
expected ambient temperature in the zone in
which the vehicle is to be used.
● When the outside temperature is very low,
the cool
ant could freeze and the vehicle
would be immobilised. In this case, the heat-
ing would not work either and inadequately
dressed passengers could die of cold. CAUTION
Do not top up the expansion tank with cool-
ant fluid if it

is empty! Air could enter the
cooling system. In this case, stop driving.
Seek specialist assistance. Otherwise, there
is a risk of engine damage. CAUTION
The original additives should never be mixed
with c oo

lants which are not approved by
SEAT. Otherwise, you run the risk of causing
severe damage to the engine and the engine
cooling system.
● If the fluid in the expansion tank is not pur-
ple b
ut is, for example, brown, this indicates that the G13 additive has been mixed with an
ina
dequat

e coolant. The coolant must be
changed as soon as possible if this is the
case! This could result in serious faults and
engine damage. For the sake of the environment
Coolants and additives can contaminate the
en vir

onment. If any fluids are spilled, they
should be collected and correctly disposed
of, with respect to the environment. Brake fluid
Top up br
ak

e fluid Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›

 page 61
Checking the brake fluid level
The brake fluid level must be between the
MIN and MAX markings.
However, if the brake fluid level goes down
noticeably in a short time, or drops below the
MIN mark, there may be a leak in the brake
system. Seek specialist assistance. A warn-
ing light on the instrument panel display
monitors the brake fluid level ››› page 119. »
275
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Wheels
●
Av oid ru
nning the vehicle on tyres that are
more than 6 years old. If you have no
alternative, you should drive slowly and with
extra care at all times.
● If wheel trims are fitted after the car is pur-
cha
sed, ensure that there is an adequate flow
of air for cooling the brake system. For the sake of the environment
Old tyres must be disposed of according to
the l aw

s in the country concerned. Note
● A S EA

T Service Centre should be consulted
to find out whether wheels or tyres of differ-
ent sizes to those originally fitted by SEAT
can be fitted, and to find out about the com-
binations allowed between the front axle
(axle 1) and the rear axle (axle 2).
● Never mount used tyres if you are not sure
of their “pr
evious history”.
● For technical reasons, it is not generally
poss
ible to use the wheels from other vehi-
cles. In some cases, this may also be true for
the same model of wheel. Wheel bolts
The wheel
bolts
ar
e m
atched to the rims.
When installing different wheels (for instance
alloy wheels or wheels with winter tyres) it is
important to use the correct wheel bolts with the right length and correctly shaped bolt
head

s. This ensures that wheels are fitted se-
curely and that the brake system functions
correctly.
The wheel bolts must be clean and turn easi-
ly.
A special adapter is required to turn the anti-
theft wheel bolts* ›››
 page 67.
Tyre monitoring systems Introduction WARNING
Unsuitable handling of the wheels and tyres
ma y

lead to sudden tyre pressure losses, to
tread separation or even to a blow-out.
● Check tyre pressures regularly and ensure
they are m
aintained at the pressures indica-
ted. Tyre pressure that is too low could cause
overheating, resulting in tread detachment or
even burst tyres.
● Tyre pressure should be that indicated on
the label when the ty
res are cold at all times
››› page 291.
● Regularly check the cold inflation pressure
of the tyr
es. If necessary, change the tyre
pressure of the vehicle tyres while they are
cold. ●
Re gu

larly check your tyres for damage and
wear.
● Never exceed the maximum permitted
speed or loa
ds specified for the type of tyre
fitted on your vehicle. For the sake of the environment
Under-inflated tyres lead to increased fuel
c on s

umption and tyre wear. Note
● Driv ing f

or the first time with new tyres at a
high speed can cause them to slightly ex-
pand, which could then produce an air pres-
sure warning.
● Only replace used tyres with those author-
ised by
SEAT for the corresponding type vehi-
cle.
● Do not only rely on the tyre monitoring sys-
tem. Re
gularly check your tyres to ensure
that the tyre pressure is correct and that the
tyres are not damaged due to puncture, cuts,
tears and impacts/dents. Remove objects
from the tyres only when they have not
pierced the tyres. 283
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Index
audible warning signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
c rui
se c
ontrol system (CCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
depress the brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
electromechanical steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
emission control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
engine management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
engine pre-heating/fault system . . . . . . . . . . . 203
ESC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
gear change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 49
instrument panel display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Lane Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
seat belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Start-Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
tyre monitoring system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Controls and displays general instrument panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Controls for the windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 136
Controls on the steering wheel operating the audio, telephone and naviga-tion system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Convenience closing panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Convenience opening panoramic sliding sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Coolant checking level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Cooling coolant temperature gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Cooling system checking coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
topping up coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Cornering lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Correct position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
fr
ont passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Correct sitting position rear seat passengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 209 operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Cruise control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 warning and indication lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
D Dangers in not using the seat belt . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Dash panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Data label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Deactivating the front passenger front airbag . . . 23
Deactivation of front airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Defective bulbs changing a bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Detachable ball assembling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
checking attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
placing in standby position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
removing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249, 250
standby position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Diesel diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
preheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Digital clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Direction of rotation tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 115 Display of traffic signs on the instrument panel
activate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
deactivate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Disposal belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Distance control see Adaptive cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Door cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Door handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Door lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Door release lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Doors childproof locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
opening and closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Downhill speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Downhill speed control function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Drawer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Drink holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Driver see Correct sitting position . . . . . . . . . 75, 76, 77
Driver-side general instrument panel left-hand drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
right-hand drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Driver information system engine oil temperature display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
operation through the windscreen wiper lever . 36
Driving driving abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
economical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
with a trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251, 253, 254
with trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Driving abroad headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Driving data data summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
317