2017 CHEVROLET IMPALA charging

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
164 Infotainment System
SiriusXM is a satellite radio service
based in the 48 contiguous United
States and 10 Canadian provinces.
SiriusXM satellite radio has a wide
variety of programming and
commercial-free music, coast to
coast, and in digital-quality sound.
A service fee is required to receive
the SiriusXM service. See
www.siriusxm.com or call
1-888-601-6296 (U.S.); or see
www.siriusxm.ca or call
1-877-438-9677 (Canada).
When SiriusXM is active, the
channel name and number,
category name, song title, and artist
display on the screen.
Browsing SiriusXM Channels
(If Equipped)
To browse the SiriusXM channels:1. Press the MENU knob.
2. Turn the MENU knob to highlight SXM Channel List.
3. Turn the MENU knob to highlight the desired SXM
Channels.
Radio Reception
Frequency interference and static
can occur during normal radio
reception if items such as phone
chargers, vehicle convenience
accessories, and external electronic
devices are plugged into the
accessory power outlet. If there is
interference or static, unplug the
item from the accessory power
outlet.
FM
FM signals only reach about 16 to
65 km (10 to 40 mi). Although the
radio has a built-in electronic circuit
that automatically works to reduce
interference, some static can occur,
especially around tall buildings or
hills, causing the sound to fade in
and out.
AM
The range for most AM stations is
greater than for FM, especially at
night. The longer range can cause
station frequencies to interfere with
each other. Static can also occur
when things like storms and power lines interfere with radio reception.
When this happens, try reducing the
treble on the radio.
SiriusXM Satellite Radio
Service
If equipped, SiriusXM Satellite
Radio Service provides digital radio
reception. Tall buildings or hills can
interfere with satellite radio signals,
causing the sound to fade in and
out. In addition, traveling or standing
under heavy foliage, bridges,
garages, or tunnels may cause loss
of the SiriusXM signal for a period
of time.
Cell Phone Usage
Cell phone usage, such as making
or receiving phone calls, charging,
or just having the phone on may
cause static interference in the
radio. Unplug the phone or turn it off
if this happens.
Backglass Antenna
The AM-FM antenna is integrated
with the rear window defogger in the
rear window. Do not scratch the
inside surface or damage the lines

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
Infotainment System 167
There may be problems with
operation and function in the
following situations:
.When connecting an iPod on
which a more recent version of
the firmware is installed than is
supported by the infotainment
system.
. When connecting an iPod on
which firmware from other
providers is installed.
To connect and control an iPod: 1. Connect one end of the standard iPod USB cable to the
iPod's dock connector.
2. Connect the other end to the USB port in the center console.
3. Press the MEDIA button to select the source.
iPod music information displays on
the radio’s display and begins
playing through the vehicle’s audio
system.
The iPod battery recharges
automatically while the vehicle is on.
When the vehicle is off while an
iPod is connected using the iPod USB cable, the iPod battery stops
charging and the iPod automatically
turns off.
If the iPod is an unsupported model,
it can still be listened to in the
vehicle by connecting to the
auxiliary input jack using a standard
3.5 mm (1/8 in) stereo cable.
iPod Menu
Press the MENU knob to display the
iPod Menu and the following may
display:
Browse :
Select to display the files
or songs on the iPod. See “Browse
iPod Media” later in this section.
Tone Settings : Select to adjust
Bass, Midrange, Treble, Balance,
Fade, and EQ (Equalizer). See
“Tone Settings” underAM-FM
Radio 0162.
Auto Volume : If equipped, this
feature adjusts the volume based on
the vehicle speed. Select the level
between off, low, medium-low,
medium, medium-high, and high.
Press
qBACK to go to the
previous menu. EQ (Equalizer) Settings :
If equipped, this feature adjusts the
pre-defined EQ Modes. See
“EQ
(Equalizer) Settings” inAM-FM
Radio 0162.
DSP Modes : If equipped, this
feature adjusts the DSP Modes.
See “DSP Modes” inAM-FM
Radio 0162.
Browse iPod Media
Use the following to browse:
Playlists: 1. Turn the MENU knob to highlight and press to view the
playlists stored on the iPod.
2. Turn the MENU knob to highlight and press to select a
playlist name to view a list of
all songs in the playlist.
3. Turn the MENU knob to highlight and press to select
the song from the list to begin
playback.
Artists: 1. Turn the MENU knob to highlight and press to view the
artists stored on the iPod.

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
210 Driving and Operating
Leaving the Vehicle with the
Engine Running
{Warning
It can be dangerous to leave the
vehicle with the engine running.
It could overheat and catch fire.
It is dangerous to get out of the
vehicle if the shift lever is not fully
in P (Park) with the parking brake
firmly set. The vehicle can roll.
Do not leave the vehicle when the
engine is running. If you have left
the engine running, the vehicle
can move suddenly. You or others
could be injured. To be sure the
vehicle will not move, even when
you are on fairly level ground,
always set the parking brake and
move the shift lever to P (Park).
SeeShifting Into Park 0209.
If you have to leave the vehicle with
the engine running, be sure the
vehicle is in P (Park) and the
parking brake is firmly set before
you leave it. After you have moved the shift lever into P (Park), hold the
regular brake pedal down. Then,
see if you can move the shift lever
away from P (Park) without first
pressing the button.
If you can, it means that the shift
lever was not fully locked in
P (Park).
Torque Lock
Torque lock is when the weight of
the vehicle puts too much force on
the parking pawl in the
transmission. This happens when
parking on a hill and shifting the
transmission into P (Park) is not
done properly, then it is difficult to
shift out of P (Park). To prevent
torque lock, set the parking brake
and then shift into P (Park). To find
out how, see
“Shifting Into Park”
listed previously.
If torque lock does occur, your
vehicle may need to be pushed
uphill by another vehicle to relieve
the parking pawl pressure, so you
can shift out of P (Park). If you are towing a trailer and
parking on a hill, see
Driving
Characteristics and Towing
Tips 0243.
Shifting out of Park
This vehicle is equipped with an
electronic shift lock release system.
The shift lock release is
designed to:
.
Prevent ignition key removal (if
equipped) unless the shift lever
is in P (Park) with the shift lever
button fully released.
. Prevent movement of the shift
lever out of P (Park), unless the
ignition is in ON/RUN and the
brake pedal is applied.
The shift lock release is always
functional except in the case of an
uncharged or low voltage (less than
9-volt) battery.
If the vehicle has an uncharged
battery or a battery with low voltage,
try charging or jump starting the
battery. See Jump Starting - North
America 0311.
To shift out of P (Park):

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
282 Vehicle Care
To access the fuses on vehicles not
equipped with a storage bin:1. Pull the lower edge of the cover rearward. The clips on
the lower edge will release,
and the upper edge will fall
away from the instrument
panel.
2. To replace the cover, hook the upper edge of the cover on the
instrument panel, and swing
the lower edge of the cover into
place.
3. Press the lower edge of the cover until the clips engage.
Instrument Panel Fuse Block
The vehicle may not be equipped
with all of the fuses, relays, and
features shown. Mini Fuses Usage
1 Wireless charging
2 Rear stoplamps/ Courtesy lamps/
Reverse lamps/Shift
lock solenoid/Puddle
lamps
3 LED indicator light
4 Radio Mini Fuses Usage
5 Cluster/Auxiliary jack/HMI/USB/Radio
display/CD player
6 Console power outlet
7 Rear console power outlet
8 Trunk release/Brake pedal apply/Keyless
start indicators/
Hazard switch
illumination/CHMSL/
Brake relay/
Sidemarker lamps/
Washer relay/Run/
Crank relay
9 Trunk lamp/Right low-beam headlamp/
DRL/Right front turn
lamp/Right rear
parking lamp/
Stoplamp
10 Door unlock 11 Front HVAC blower
12 Passenger power seat

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
Index 367
ArmrestRear Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Assistance Systems for Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Assistance Systems for
Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . . 229
Audio Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . 157
Automatic
Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Forward Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Shift Lock Control FunctionCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Auxiliary Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Avoiding Untrusted Media Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165B
Backglass Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
BatteryExterior Lighting BatterySaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Voltage and Charging Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Battery - North America . . . . 269, 311
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . . . 271
Bluetooth
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 171, 175
Brake
Parking, Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
System Warning Light . . . . . . . . 122
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Automatic Forward . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 202
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Bulb Replacement (cont'd)
Headlamps, Front Turn
Signal, Sidemarker, and
Parking Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . . . 276
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps, and Back-up
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
California Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
California
Proposition
65 Warning . . . . . . . . . . 250, 269, 311
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . 2
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
368 Index
Card ReaderSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Cargo Management System . . . . . . . . . 102
Caution, Danger, and Warning . . . . 3
Center Console Storage . . . . . . . . 101
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Charging Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . . 120
Check Ignition Transmission Lock . . . 271
Malfunction IndicatorEngine Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Child Restraints Infants and Young Children . . . . . 83
Lower Anchors and Tethers
for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 96
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Climate Control Systems . . . . . . . 182
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Dual Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 109
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . . 349
Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Compartments
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Connections OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Control
Traction and ElectronicStability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Control of a Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Convenience Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Convex Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Coolant Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Engine Temperature Gauge . . .117
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Engine Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Courtesy Transportation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Cruise Control, Adaptive . . . . . . . . 221 Cupholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Text Telephone (TTY)Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Customer Information Service Publications
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . 351
Customer Satisfaction Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . . . 349
Danger, Warning, and Caution . . . . 3
Data CollectionInfotainment System . . . . . . . . . . 355
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . . . 354
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Diagnostics
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Distracted Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Door Ajar Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Ajar Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
Index 371
High Voltage Devices andWiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
High-Speed Operation . . . . . . . . . . 292
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 196
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . 217
Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
How to Wear Safety Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
I
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . 202, 204
Ignition Transmission Lock
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Indicator
Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Instrument Panel Storage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . 47
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
J
Jack Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
K
Key and Lock Messages . . . . . . . . 134
Keyless Entry
Remote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . 30
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . 286
Lamps Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . 150
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Exterior Lamps OffReminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . 120
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Lamps (cont'd)
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Lane Change Alert (LCA) . . . . . . . 235
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Lane Departure Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
LATCH System Replacing Parts after aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
LATCH, Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
LED Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Lighting
Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . 152
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Antilock Brake System(ABS) Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . 122
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . 123

Chevrolet Impala Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada-9921197) -
2017 - crc - 3/30/16
372 Index
Lights (cont'd)Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 126
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . 150
Lane Departure Warning . . . . . . 124
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Safety Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . .118
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Service Electric Parking
Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
StabiliTrak
®OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Traction Control System (TCS)/StabiliTrak
®. . . . . . . . . . 125
Traction Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Locks Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . 126
Low-Profile Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Lower Anchors and Tethers
for Children (LATCH
System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Maintenance and Care Additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . 326
Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . . 120
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Media Avoiding Untrusted Devices . . 165
Memory Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Messages Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Battery Voltage andCharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Engine Cooling System . . . . . . . 132
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Messages (cont'd)
Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Key and Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Object Detection System . . . . . 135
Ride Control System . . . . . . . . . . 136
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Service Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Starting the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Vehicle Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Mirrors
Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Automatic DimmingRearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Tilt in Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Mirrors, Interior Rearview . . . . . . . . 47