Techni cal data
Technical data
Vehicle data
XXXXX XX -X -X X XX XXX XX
®-+ : :::ti/:: XXXXXXXX XX X X X XX XXXX
IYP /l'YP! XXX XXX
XX XXXXXXX XX X X XX
XXX
K W XXX
f,\__J_ I IIJIORl
1
:tr:l~
1
XXXX I XXXX XXX I XX
II. -AlJSliT. / OPTIONS
EOA 7D5 4U B 6XM SS G SR W
2 EH JO Z l lB lAS lBA
3FC 5 MU 7X l
FDA 9G3 OG7 O YH OJF
TL 6 3 KA 8EH UlA X 9B O Z7
lX W
80 3 908 8Z4 02D
7T6 C V7
7KO 4 X3
2K2
3 l4 4 KC 3Y O 413 5 D2
lS A 7GB 0 1A 4GO
XX . X XX X XX X XXXX
Fig. 312 Veh icl e ident if ic ation labe l
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN )
The VIN numbe r is lo cated i n the following pla
ces :
0
0
~ :x: ... IX)
- In the Infotainment system: selec t*: select
IM ENU I button > Vehicle > left control b utton>
Ser vice & che cks > Vehicl e information .
-on the vehicle identification label
- u nder the windshield on the driver's side*
Vehicle identification label
The vehicle identification label ¢ fig. 312 is locat
ed in the luggage compartment under the cargo
floor cover.
The information of the vehicle identification label
can also be found in your Warranty
& Mainte·
nance booklet.
The sticker contains the following vehicle data :
(D Vehicle Iden tifica tion Number (VIN)
@ Vehicle type, engine output, transmission
@ Eng ine and transm ission codes
@ Pa int and interior codes
374
@ Optional equipment numbers
Safety compliance sticker
The safety compliance sticker is your assurance
that your new vehicle complies with all applicable Federal Motor Veh icle Safety S tandards which
were in ef fect at the time the vehicle was manu
factu red. You can find this sticker on the door
jamb on the driver's side. It shows the month and year of production and the veh icle identification
number of your veh icle (perforation) as well as
the Gross Vehicle Weight Ra ting (GVWR) and the
Gross Axle We ight Rating (GAWR).
H igh volt age warning label
The hig h voltage warn ing label is located in the
engine compartment next to the engine hood
re
lease. The spark ignition system complies w ith
the Canadian s tandard ICES-002.
Notes about technical
data
The values may diffe r for som e markets depend
i ng o n eq uipment installed in certa in mar kets
and the me asur ing me thods .
Please note that the specifica tions listed in the
vehicle documentat ion a lways take precedence .
(D Tips
Missing technical data was not ava ilable at
the time of pr int ing .
Weights
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
The Gross Vehicle We ight Rating (GVWR), and
the Gross Axle Weig ht Rating (GAWR) for front
and rea r are listed on a sticker on the door jamb
o n the dr iver's side .
The Gross Vehicle We ight Rating includes the
weight of the bas ic vehicle plus full fuel tank, oil
and coolant , plus maximum load, which includes
passenger weight ( 150 lbs/68 kg per des ignated
seat ing pos ition) and luggage
weight ¢& . ..,_
CXl CXl .... N ,.__
N .... 0 N > 00
Gross Axle Weight Rating
The G ross Axle We igh t Rating is the max imum
l oad that can be applied at each axle of the vehi
cle~.& .
Vehicle capacity weight
The vehicle capac ity we ight (max. load) is listed
e ithe r o n the dr iver's side B-pillar o r inside the
f u el fi ller flap.
& WARNING
-T he actual Gross Ax le Weight Rating at the
front and rear axles sho uld not exceed the
permissible weights, and their comb inat ion
must not exceed the Gross Vehicle We ight
Rat ing.
Dimensions
Techn ical data
-Exceeding permissible weight ratings can
res ult in vehicle damage, accidents and per
sonal injury.
(D Note
-T he vehi cle capacity weig ht figu res apply
when the load is d istributed evenly in the
vehicle (passengers and luggage). When
transport ing a heavy load in the luggage
compartment, ca rry the load as near to the
rear axle as possib le so that t he veh icle's
hand ling is no t impaired .
-Do not exceed the maximum perm iss ible
ax le loads or the maximum gross vehicle
we igh t. Always remember that the veh icle's
han dling will be affe cted by the extra load.
Th erefore, adjust your spee d accordingly.
-Always observe local regulations.
Length (in (mm)) Width (in (mm )) Width across the Height at curb
mirrors (in (mm )) weight (in (mm))
A3 Sportback e-t ron 169.6 (4,31
1) 7 0.2 ( 1,785) 77.4 ( 1,966) 56.1 (1, 426)
A3 sedan 175.8 (4,465) 70.7 (1,796) 77.1 (1,960) 55.7 (1,416)
A3 Cabriole t 174
.4 (4,430) 7 0.5 ( 1,793) 77 .1 ( 1,960) 55.4 ( 1,409)
53 seda n 176.1 (4,472) 70.7 (1,796) 77.1 (1,960) 54 .8 (1,392)
Capacities
Appro ximate capacities
Fuel ta nk, front w heel d rive 13
.2 (50.0) ga l (L )
Fuel tank, all wheel drive 14.S (55.0) gal
(L)
Fuel tank, plug -in hybr id drive* 10
.5 (40.0) g al (l)
Windshield washer system 3.2 (3.0) qt (L)
Winds hield and headlamp washer sys tem*, S mode ls 5.0 (4.7) qt
(L)
Gasoline engines
A3 Cabriolet 2.0, 4 cylinder
Maximum output SA
E net hp@rpnn 186@ 4400 -6000
Maximum torque SAE net lb-ft@ rpm 221@ 1600
-4300
Displacement C
ID (cm
3
) 12 1 (1984)
375
Tech nical data
Engine oil with filter change1l I
Fuel <:!)page 312, Fuel
A3 Cabriolet 2.0, 4 cylinder
Maximum output SA E net hp@ rpm 220@ 4500 -6200
Maximum torque SAE net lb-ft@ rpm 258@ 1600
-4400
Displacement C
ID (cm
3
) 12 1 (1984)
Engine oil with f ilter change
1l
Fuel
qpage 312, Fuel
A3 Sedan 2.0, 4 cylinder
Maximum ou tput SA E net hp@ rpm 186@ 44
00 -6000
Maximum torque SAE net lb-ft@ rpm 221@ 1600
-4300
Displacement C
ID (cm
3
) 121 (1984)
Engine oil with f ilter change
1l
Fuel
q page 31 2, Fuel
A3 Sedan 2.0, 4 cylinder
Maximum ou tput SA E ne t hp@ rpm 220@ 4500 -6200
Max imum torque SAE net lb-ft@ rpm 258@ 1600
-4400
Displacement C
ID (cm
3
) 12 1 (1984)
Engine oil with filter change
1l
Fuel
q page 312, Fuel
A3 Sportback e-tron 1.4, 4 cylinder
Maximum output SAE net hp@ rpm 150@ 5000 -6000
Max imum torque SAE net lb-ft@ rpm 184@ 1600
-3500
Displacement CID (cm
3
) 85 (1395)
Engine oil w ith filter
change1l
Fuel qpage 312, Fuel
E lectr ic output (short-term)
hp 1
02
E lectr ic torque (short-term) lb-ft 243
T otal output (short- term) hp 258
Battery type Lithium-ion
Battery energy conten t kWh 8,8
376
CXl CXl .... N ,.__
N .... 0 N > 00
53 Sedan 2.0, 4 cylinder
Maximum output SAE net hp@rpnn
Maximum torque SAE net lb
-ft@ rpm
Displacement CID (cm
3
)
Engine oil with f ilter change1>
Fuel <=> page 312, Fuel
ll For specific engine oil capacities, please see
the most current information for the USA at
http:/ /www.audiusa.com/help/ma intenance or
for Canada at http:/ /www.audi.ca/ca/brand/ en/
your _aud i/ aud i_services_a nd/Ca re_and_M a i nte
na nce/ schedu le.html or call 800-822-2834.
Techn ical dat a
292 @ 5400 -6200
280@ 1900 - S300
121 (1984)
377
Consumer information
Consumer information
Warranty coverages
Your Audi is covered by the following warran
ties:
- New Vehicle Limited Warranty
- Limited Warranty Against Corrosion Perfora-
tion
- Emissions Control System Warranty
- Emissions Performance Warranty
- California Emissions Control Warranty (USA
vehicles only)
- California Emissions Performance Warranty
(USA vehicles only)
Detailed information regarding your warranties
can be found in your
Warranty & Maintenance
booklet .
Operating your vehicle
outside the U.S.A. or
Canada
Government regulati ons in the United States and
Canada require that automobi les meet specific
emission regulations and safety standards.
Therefore, vehicles built for the U.S.A. and Cana
da differ from vehicles sold in other countries.
If you plan to take your vehicle outside the conti
nenta l limits of the United States or Canada,
there is the poss ibility that:
- un leaded fue ls for vehicles with catalytic con
verter may not be available;
- fuel may have a considerably lower octane rat
ing . Improper fuel may cause engine damage;
- service may be inadequate due to lack of proper
service facilities, tools or testing equipment;
- r eplacement parts may not be readily available.
- Nav igation systems for veh icles built for the
U.S .A . and Canada will not necessarily work in
Europe, and may not work in other countries
outside North America.
378
(D Note
Audi cannot be responsib le for mechanical
damage that could result from inadequate
fuel, service or parts ava ilability.
Audi Service Repair
Manuals and Literature
Audi Official Factory Service Manuals and Litera
ture are published as soon as poss ible after mod
el introduction . Service manuals and literature
are available to order from the Audi Technical Lit
erature Ordering Center at :
www.audi.techliterature .com
Maintenance
General '
Your vehicle has been designed to help keep
maintenance requirements to a minimum. How
ever, a certain amount of regular maintenance is
still necessary to assure your vehicle's safety,
economy and reliability . For detailed vehicle
maintenance consult your Warranty & Mainte
nance booklet .
Under difficult operating conditions, for exam
ple at extremely low outside temperatures, in
very dusty regions, when towing a trailer very fre
quently, etc., some service work should be per
formed between the intervals specified. This ap
plies particularly to:
- oil changes, and
- cleaning or replac ing the a ir filter .
'
@) For the sake of the environment
By regularly maintain ing your vehicle, you
help make sure that em iss ion standards are
maintained, thus minimizing adverse effects
on the environment .
Important considerations for you and your
vehicle
The increasing use of electronics, sophisticated
fuel injection and emission control systems, and
the generally increas ing technica l complexity of
..,_
Consumer inf orm ation
@ For the sake of the env ironment
- Changing the engine settings wi ll adversely
affect emission levels. Th is is detrimental to
the environment and increases fuel con
sumption.
- A lways observe environmental regu lations
when disposing of old engine o il, used brake
fl ui d, d irty engine coolant, spent batteries
or worn out tires.
- Undeployed airbag modules and pretension
ers mig ht be classified as Perchlorate Mate
rial -special handl ing may apply, see
www.dtsc .ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlo
r ate. When the vehicle or parts of the re
straint system including airbag modu les
safety be lts wi th pretensioners are scrap
ped, all applicab le laws and regulations
must be observed. Your authorized Audi
dealer is familiar with these requirements
and we recommend that you have your deal
er perform this service for you.
Accessories and technical changes
Additional accessories and parts replacement
Always consult an authorized Audi dealer before
purchasing accessories.
Your vehicle incorporates the latest safety design
features ensuring a high standard of active and passive safety.
This safety could be comp romised by non-ap
proved changes to the vehicle . For this reason, if
parts have to be replaced, please observe the fo l
lowing points when insta lling addit ional accesso
ries:
Approved Audi accessories and genuine Audi parts are available from author ized Audi dealers.
These dealers also have the necessary faci lities,
too ls and trained specialists to install the parts
and accessories properly.
380
A WARNING
-
Using the wrong spare parts or using non-ap-
proved accessories can cause damage to the
vehicle and serious personal injury.
- Use only accessories expressly approved by
Aud i and genuine Audi spare parts
- These parts and accessor ies have been spe
cially designed to be used on your vehicle.
- Do not use license plate brackets in the
front area that are d ifferent from the one
installed at the factory, or add additional li
cense plate brackets.
- Never install accessor ies such as telephone
cradles or beverage holders on airbag covers
or w it hi n the airbag deployment zones. Do
ing so will i ncrease t he risk of injury if a ir
bags are triggered in an accident!
- Before you check anything in the eng ine
compa rtment, always read and heed all
WARN INGS
¢page 316.
(D Note
- If items other than genu ine A udi spa re
parts, add-on equipment and accessory
i t ems are used or if repair wor k is not per
formed according to specified me thods, this
can resul t in severe damage to your vehi
cle's eng ine and body (such as corrosion)
and adve rsely affect your vehicle's warranty.
- If emergency repai rs must be per formed
elsewhere, have the vehicle examined by an
authorized Audi dealer as soon as possib le .
- The manufacturer cannot be held liable for
damage which occurs d ue to failure to com
ply with these stipulations.
Technical Modifications
Our guidelines must be complied with when tech
nical modifications are made .
A lways consu lt an authorized Audi dea ler
before
start ing work on any modifications .
This will help ensure tha t vehi cle fu nction, per-
fo rmance and s afety are not
impa ired¢ &,. ll-
CXl CXl .... N ,.__
N .... 0 N > 00
Audi smartphone interface . . . . . . . . . 239, 243
Audi virtual cockpit
refer to Instrument cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
AUTO Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . 71
Automatic headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Auto Lock (central locking system) . . . . . . . . 34
Automatic belt retractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Automatic climate control system
refer to Climate control system
(automatic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 71
Automatic power top
refer to Power top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Automatic transm iss ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Driving tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Emergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Hill descent control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Kick-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Launch control program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Manual shifting (tiptronic mode) . . . . . . . . 90
Selector lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Selector lever emergency release . . . . . . . . 92
Selector lever lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Selector lever posit ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Shift padd les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Automatic wipe/wash system . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Auto Safety Hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Auxiliary climate control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
AUX input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Average consumption ............ .... 17, 18
Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18
B
BACK button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Bag hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 67
Balance (sound) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Bass (sound) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Battery In the key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Jump starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
also refer to High-voltage battery . . . . . . . 94
also refer to Vehicle battery . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Blended gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Index
Blower
Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . 72
Bluetooth Audio player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Connecting a ce ll phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Boost pressure ind icator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Electromechanical parking brake . . . . . . . . 83
New brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Braking Brake assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Emergency braking function . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Breaking in New brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
New engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
New tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Browser
refer to Media center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Buttons Control panel (MMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Multifunct ion steer ing wheel . . . . . . . . 13, 16
Programming (multifunction steering
wheel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C
Cable (USB adapter/AUX connector cable) 228
California Proposition 65 Warning ... .. .. 317
Battery specifi c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Call list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Call options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Capacities Fuel tank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Washer fluid reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
also refer to Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Car Finder Audi connect e -tron services . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Cargo area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Caring for and cleaning leather . . . . . . . . . . 350
Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
CD drive (media drives) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
383
Index
Cell phone
refer to Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Ce ntral lock ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
C hanging eng ine o il . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Changing the scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
Charge level
Inst rument cluste r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
C harg in g clip. .. .... ........... .... ... 110
C harg ing the battery (mob ile dev ices) . . . . 229
Cha rgi ng (p lug-i n hybrid drive) . . . . . . . . . . 106
Ch ild rest raints
D anger o f using ch ild rest raints in the front
seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
268
Where can I get additional information
about child rest raints and their use? . . . .
3 11
Ch ild rest raint system a nchors . . . . . . . . . . 306
Ch ild safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Important safety instructions for using child
safety sea ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
296
Tether anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Tether st raps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Ch ild safety lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C hil d safety sea ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8
Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Conve rtible chi ld safety seats . . . . . . . . . . 300
Conve rtible locking retractor . . . . . . . . . . 305
H ow do I p roperly install a child safety seat
. h' l 7 296 in myve 1c e . ..... ........ ......... .
Infant sea ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
298
Insta lling a child restrain t using the LA TC H
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
308
LA TCH system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Lower ancho rages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7
M ounting and releasing the anchorage
hook . ... .... .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. ...
308
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Secur ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Unused safety belts on the rear seat . . . . 298
Classic v iew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
C lea ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7
Clean ing/remov ing ice from windows . . . . . 349
Clea ning Alc ant ara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 50
Clea ning artificial leather..... ... ... ... . 350
Cleaning ca rbon parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349, 350
Clea ning contro ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Clean ing deco rative parts/trim . . . . . . . . . . 349
384
Cleaning exhaust tail pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Cleaning plas tic pa rts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Cleaning textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
C leaning the charg ing clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Cleaning the charg ing dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Cleaning the tail lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Cleaning the windshield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Climate control system (automat ic) . . . . . . . 70
Adjusting t he air vents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
A UTO (climate control system) . . . . . . . . . . 71
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
D rive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Key re cognit io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Operat io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Presetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Sync hroniz ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Closing
Panorama glass roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
Power top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Windows ....... ..... ........... .... 41
also refer to U nlocking/locking . . . . . . . 36 , 37
Closing/ open ing
refer to Unlock ing/ locking . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37
Cockpit (overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Coming home/Leaving home
refer to E ntry/ex it lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Command (voice recognition system) . . . . . 170
Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Compass in t he m irro r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Connec tion manage r 242
Connect ions
refer to Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222, 230
Cons umer info rmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Cons umer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 55
Consumption (fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 18
Contacting NHTSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Additional d irecto ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Impo rting/export ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7
Memo ry c apac ity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Storing as destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7
Cont rol buttons (opera ting the MMI) . . . . . 160
Control knob with joystick funct ion (MMI op
eration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163