
Check ing and F illing
is empty or until no mo re fluid flows into the
tank.
~ Remove the canister and close the fi ller tube
c> page 198 , Completing AdBlue refill .
(D Note
Only use refi ll canisters that are approved for
your vehicle. Us ing other systems can cause
Ad Blue to leak.
@ Tips
- An authorized Audi dealer or authorized
Audi repair facility can te ll you which ref ill
can isters are approved for your vehicle.
- A permitted refill canister contains approxi
mately 1.3 ga llons (5 liters) of AdB lue.
Completing AdBlue refill
Applies to: vehicles with selective catalytic reduction
C losi ng the filler neck
~ Turn the cap on the filler neck to the right with
the wheel wrench unt il the cap clicks into place.
This t ightens the cap to the specification o &
in Filling AdBlue on page 197, c> (D in Filling
AdBlue on page 197 .
~ The n press on the left side of the tank doo r un-
ti l it l atches.
After filling
The vehicle must be driven so that the system
recognizes that the Ad Blue was refilled . T his can
take severa l m in utes.
~ If there was no Ad Blue left in the tank and a
range of O mi (0 km) was shown in the d isplay,
switch the ign it ion on for about 30 seconds be
fo re sta rting the engine.
(D Tips
Ad Blue can freeze at very low temperat ures .
If this happens, the system will not detect
that the Ad Blue was refilled a nd it will contin
ue to inform yo u of the low Ad Blue level. The
message turns off as soon as the tank thaws
out again.
198
Catalytic converter
Applies to: vehicles with gasoline engine
It is very important that your emission control
system (catalytic converter) is func tioning prop
erly to ensure that your vehicle is running in an
environmentally sound manner .
~ Always use lead-free gasoline c> page 191, Fuel
supply .
~ Never run the tank down all the way to empty.
~ Never put too much motor o il in your engine
c> page 204, Adding engine oil.
~ Never try to push- o r tow-start your vehicle .
The catalytic converter is an efficient "clean -up "
device built into the exhaust system of the veh i
cle. The catalyt ic converter b urns many of the
po llutants in the exhaust g as befo re they are re
l eased into the atmosphere.
The exclusive use of un leaded fuel is critically im
po rtant fo r the life of the catalytic converte r and
prope r funct io ni ng of the engine.
_&. WARNING
The temperat ure of the exhaus t sys tem is
high, both when driv ing and a fter stopping
the engine.
-
- Never tou ch the exhaust tail pipes once they
have become hot. This cou ld resu lt in burns.
- D o not p ark or operate the vehicle in ar eas
where the hot exhaust system may come in
contact with dry g rass, brush, fuel spi ll or
other mate rial which can ca use a fire.
- Do not apply additiona l undercoating or
rustp roofing on or near the exhaust mani
fold, exha ust pipes, cata lytic conve rter or
heat shields . D uring driving, the substance
used for unde rcoat ing could overheat and
cause a fire .
Cl) Note
-Be aware that just one tank f illing wit h
leaded fu e l w ill already seriously degrade
the performance of the catalytic converter.
- Do not exceed the correct engine oil leve l
c>page204.

a,
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Maximum (permissible )
inflat ion pressure
means the maximum cold infla
tion pressure to wh ich a t ire may
be inflated. Also called "maxi
mum inflation pressure ."
Normal occupant weight
means 150 lbs . (68 kilograms)
times the number of occupants
seated in the veh icle up to the to
tal seating capacity of your vehi
c le .
Occupant distribution
means distribution of occupants
in a vehicle.
Oute r diameter
means the overall diameter of an
inflated new tire .
Overall width
means the linear distance be
tween the exteriors of the side
walls of an inflated tire, including
elevations due to labeling, deco
rations, or protective bands or
ribs.
Ply
means a layer of rubber-coated
parallel cords.
Wheels
Production options weight
means the combined weight of
those installed regular production
options weighing over 5 lbs. (2.3
kg) in excess of those standard
items which they replace, not pre
viously considered in curb weight
or accessory weight, including
heavy duty brakes, ride levelers,
roof rack, heavy duty battery, and
special trim .
Radial ply tire
means a pneumatic tire in which
the ply cords that extend to the
beads are laid at substantially 90
degrees to the centerline of the
tread.
Recommended inflation
pressure
see ¢ page 214, Cold tire infla
tion pressure.
Reinforced tire
means a tire designed to operate
at higher loads and at higher in
flation pressures than the corre
sponding standard tire. Rein
forced tires may be identified as
"X L", "xl", "EXTRA LOAD", or "RF"
on the sidewall. ..,
215

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General information
Regular, proper care helps to maintain your vehi
cle's value.
It can a lso be a requirement when
submitting warranty claims for corrosion damage
and paint defects on the body.
The necessary care products can be obtained
from an authorized Audi dealer or authorized
Audi Service Facility . Read and follow the instruc
tions for use on the packaging.
A WARNING
- Us ing clean ing and care products incorrectly
can be dangerous to your health.
- Always store clean ing and care products out
of reach of children to reduce the r isk of po i
soning .
@ For the sake of the environment
- Preferably purchase env ironmenta lly-friend
l y cleaning products.
- Do not d ispose of leftover cleaning and care
products with household trash.
Car washes
T he longer that deposits remain on the vehicle,
the more the surface may be damaged. High
temperatures such as those caused by sunlight
increase the damag ing effect.
Befor e washing, rinse
off heavy depos its with
p lenty of water.
S tubborn depos its such as bird droppings or tree
sap are best removed with plenty of water and a
microfiber cloth.
A lso, wash t he un derside of yo ur vehicle once
road sa lt stops being used for the season .
Pressure washers
When washing your ve hicles w ith a pressure
washer, always follow t he ope rating inst ructions
p rovided w ith the pressure washe r. This is espe
cially important in regard to the pressu re and
sp raying distance. Do not a im the spray directly
at the sea ls on the side w indows, doors, lids or
Ca re and cleaning
the sun roof * or at tires, rubber hoses, ins ulating
material, sensors* or camera lenses* . Keep a dis
tance of at least 16 in (40 cm).
Do not remove snow and ice with a pressure
washer.
Never use cone noz zles o r high pressu re noz zles .
The water temperature must not be above 140 °F
(60 °C).
Automat ic car washe s
Spray off the vehicle befo re washing .
Make s ure that the wi ndows and roo f* are closed
and the windsh ie ld wipers are
off . Follow instruc
tions from the car wash operator, especially if
there are accessories attached to your vehicle .
If possible, use car washes that do not have
brushes .
Applies to: RS models: only use car washes where
t h e vehi cle rema ins s ta ti onary and the washi ng
equipmen t moves around the veh icle when wash
ing and drying. Car washes that move the ve hicle
th rough the car wash using a chain are not rec
ommended.
Washing by hand
Clean the ve hicl e s tarting from the top and wor k
ing down using a soft sponge or cleaning br ush .
Use solvent -free cleaning products.
Washing vehicles with matte finish paint by
hand
T o avo id damag ing the pa int when washing, firs t
remove dust and large pa rticles from your vehi
cle . Insects, grease spots and fingerprints are
best removed w ith a special cleaner for matte
finish paint.
Apply the product using a microfiber cloth . To
avo id damaging the pa int surface, do not use too
much pressure .
Rinse the ve hicl e thorough ly w ith wate r. Then
clean using a neutra l shampoo and a so ft micro
fiber cloth .
Rinse the ve hicl e thoroug hly aga in and let it air
dry . Remove any water residue using a chamois. ..,.
235

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Driver side cockpit fuse
assignment
Fig. 2 11 Driver side cockp it: fuse panel wit h plastic bracket
Fuse panel @ (black)
No . Equipment
Electromecha nica l powe r steering, trailer
1 hitch, ionizer, switch st
rip, seat heating
(rear), electromechan ica l park ing brake
Ho rn, climate con trol system, Gateway,
2 automati
c dimm ing in ter ior rearv iew m ir-
ro r, On -Board Un it
4 Park ing aid, headlight ra nge adjustment
5
Dynamic steering, E lectron ic Stabilization
Control (ESC)
6 Headlights
7 Adapt ive cruise control
8 Front passenger's seat senso rs, a irbag
9 Gateway
10 Engine sound, night vision ass
ist, garage
door opene r (H ome link), parki ng aid
11 Video camera image processing
1 2 Headlights
13 Steering column sw
itch module
Fuses
Fuse panel @ (black)
14 Termina l 15 (luggage compartment)
15 S tarte r
Fuse panel @ (brown)
No . Equipment
1 Infotainment system
2 Infotainment system
3 Front passenger's seat
5
A
irbag, Elect ronic S tabilization Con trol
( E SC)
6 Ant
i-theft alarm system
7 Electromec hanical pa rking brake
8 Inter io r li ghts
9
Windshie ld video came ra heating, light/
rain sensor
10 Lumbar support (dr iver's seat)
11 Driver
's seat
12 Electronic st abilization con trol
13 Horn
1 4 Head lights
15 Front seat heating
16 Dynam ic steering
Fuse panel © (red)
No . Equipment
1 Clutch peda l
2 Fuel p ump
3 Brake
light sensor
4 AdB lue (diese l engine)/engine aco ustics
5 Rear door
6 Fr
ont door
7 Electronic stab ilization control
8 Windshie ld w iper motor
9 Head light washer system
10 Interio
r lighting, climate control system
1 1 Head lights
12 Sunroof
251

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10 Rea r seat enterta inment
12 Rear spo ile r (Sportbac k), s unroof
Fuse panel © (brown)
No . Equipment
1 Infotainment system
2 I nfot ainme nt sys tem
3
Infotainment, automatic d imm ing interior
rearview mirror
4 Rearview camer a/peripheral cameras
5 TV tuner
6 Tank leak detect io n system
7 Sockets
8 Pa rk ing heater
1 0 Lumba r su pport (fro nt passenger 's seat)
1 2 Infotainment system
Fuse panel @ (black)
No. Equipment
Ai r suspe nsion , adaptive d ampe rs , sport
1 d ifferent ia l, elec tromec hanical p arking
b rake
2 Clutch pedal
position sensor/a utomat ic
t ra nsmission
3 Seats
4 Re ar wipe r (Avan t)
5 Side assist
6 Eng ine sound
7 Infotainment/so und amplif ier
8 G ateway
9 Sport diffe rential
1 0 Climate con trol sys te m
1 1 T
ire pressure m onito ring system, park ing
heater
12 Start/S top sys tem
Fuse panel ® (black)
No . Equipment
1 Special purpose vehicles/ rear seats
Fuses
Fuse panel ® (black)
No . Equipment
1 Rear w indow defogge r
253

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carried out by vehicle owners.
Also, safet y and
en vir onm enta l
concerns place very strict limits
on the nature of repairs and adjustments to en
g ine and transm ission parts wh ich an owner can
perform .
Maintenance, adjustments and repairs usually re
qu ire special tools, test ing devices and other
equ ipment available to specially trained work
shop perso nnel i n order to assure proper per
forma nce, re liability and safety of the ve hicle and
i ts many systems.
Improper maintenance, adjustments and repairs
can impair the operation and reliability of your
vehicle and even void your veh icle warranty.
Therefore, proof of se rvicing in accordance with
the ma intenance sc hedule may be a condition for
upho ld ing a possib le wa rranty claim made wi thin
the warranty pe riod.
Above all, operational safety can be adversely af
fected, creating unnecessa ry risks fo r you and
your p assengers.
If in doubt about any se rvicing, have it done by
your author ized Audi dealer or any other properly
eq uipped and qua lified workshop. We strongly
urge yo u to g ive your author ized Audi dealer the
opport unity to perform a ll scheduled ma inte
nance and necessary repairs . Your dealer has the
facilities, origina l parts and trained specialists to
keep your veh icle running properly .
Performing limited maintenance yourself
The follow ing pages des cribe a lim ited number of
p rocedures w hich can be per formed o n your veh i
cle with ordinary tools, should the need arise and
trained personnel be unavailable . Before per
forming any of these procedures, always thor
ough ly read a ll of the app licab le text and carefu l
ly follow the instructions g iven. Always rigorously
observe the
WARNING S provided .
Before you check anything in the engine com ·
partment , always read and heed all WARNINGS
c:> &. and c:> &. in Working in the engine compart
ment on page 199.
Con sumer inf ormation
A WARNING
- Ser ious personal in jury may occur as a result
of improperly performed maintenance, ad
justments or re pairs .
- Always be extremely careful when work ing
on the vehicle. Always follow commonly ac
cepted safety practices and general com mo n sense. Never risk pe rsonal injury.
- Do not attempt any of the mai ntenance,
checks or repairs described on t he following
pages if you are not fu lly familiar wi th these
or other proce dures with respect to the ve
h icle, o r are uncerta in how to pro ceed.
- Do not do a ny work withou t the prope r tools
a nd eq uipment. H ave the necessary wo rk
done by your au thorized Audi dealer or an
other proper ly equipped and qualified wo rk
shop.
- The engine compa rtment of any motor ve hi
cle is a potent ially hazardous area . Never
reach into the area around or touch the radi
ator fan.
It is temperature controlled and
can switch o n suddenly - even when the en
g ine is off . The radiato r fan switches on au
tomatically when the coolan t reaches a cer
tain tempe ra ture and w ill cont inue to run
until the coolant temperature d rops.
- Always sw itch off the ignition before anyone
gets under the vehicle.
- Always support your veh icle with safety
s tands if it is necessary to work underneat h
the vehicle . The jack supp lied with t he veh i
cle is no t adequ ate for t his pu rpose and
could collapse ca us ing serious personal in
jury.
- If you m ust wor k unde rne ath the vehicle
with the wheels on the ground, always make
sure the vehicle is on level ground, that the
wheels a re always sec urely blocked and that
the engine cannot be started.
- Always make sure the transmission se lector
lever (automatic t ransmiss ion) is in P (Park
position) and the pa rk brake is applied .
II>
265

Index
Remote con trol key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Sunroof. ... .. .. ... ... .... ... .. .. .. .. 37
Ce ramic brake rotors
N ew b rake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Cert ification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Changing engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Ch ild rest raints
D anger o f using ch ild rest raints in the front
seat ... .. .... ... .. .. ..... ... .. .. .. . 14 9
Where can I get additional information
about child restraints and their use? . . . . 190
Ch ild rest raint system a nchors . . . . . . . . . . 186
Ch ild safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Important safety instructions for using child
safety sea ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
I mportant things to know when driving with
chi ldren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Tether anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Tether straps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Ch ild safety lock
P owe r wi ndows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Rea r doo rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Ch ild safety seats
Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Convertible ch ild seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Conve rtible locking retractor . . . . . . . . . . 185
H ow do I properly install a child safety seat
i n myve hicle? . .. ............. .... .. . 176
I nfan t sea ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
I nsta lling a child restraint using the LA TCH
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
L ATCH system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Lower anchorages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Mounting and releasing the anchorage
hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Unused safety belts on the rear seat . . . . 178
Ch ild seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Secur ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Cigaret te lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S2
Clea ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Cleaning/remov ing ice from windows . . . . . 237
C le ani ng Alcanta ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Clean ing artificia l leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Cleaning carbon parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237, 238
C lea ning contro ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
270
Cleaning decorative pa rts/trim . . . . . . . . . . 237
Cleaning disp lays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 7
Cleaning exhaust tail pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
C leaning plas tic pa rts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 7
Cleaning r ims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Cleaning textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Cl imate contro l system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S9
A utomat ic au xiliary heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
A utomat ic rec irculat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Bas ic settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Drive select. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lOS
Closi ng
Hood .............................. 201
Su nroo f... .... .. .. .. ... .......... .. . 37
Windows ... .. .. .. .. .. . ... .... ... .. . 36
Closi ng/ope ning
By remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
With the centr al locki ng sw itch . . . . . . . . . 31
Wi th the convenience key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Closing aid (doors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Closing and opening With the door lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cockpit (overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Co lor code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Coming home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
C ons umer in formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 64
Cons umer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Cons umption (fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Contacting NHTSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6
Convenience key
Start ing the engine (START ENGINE STOP
button) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Stopp ing the eng ine (STAR T ENGIN E ST O P
button) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Swi tc hi ng the igni tion on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Unl ocking/locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Convenience opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Convertible child safety seats . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Convertib le locki ng ret racto r
Activ ati ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18S
Deact ivating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
U sing to secure a child safety seat . . . . . . 185
Cooling down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6S

Index
Electronic differential lock
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Electronic D ifferent ial Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Electronic immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Electronic speed limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Electronic stabilization control Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Electronic Stabilization Control . . . . . . . . . . 120
Sport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Emergency assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Emergency braking function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
E mergency flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Emergency locking the front passenger door 32
E mergency operation
Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Luggage compartment lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S
Selector lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Sunroof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Emergency release
Fuel filler door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Emergency starting 254
Energy management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
I ndicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Engi ne
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Prewarming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Start-Stop system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Starting with jumper cables . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Warming up/cooling down . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Engine compartment
Opening/closing the hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Engine control (indicator light) . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Adding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Checking the engine oil level . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Fue l consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
O il consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Specification and viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Temperature indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Engine sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Engine speed limitat ion (indicator light) . . . 18
272
Engine Start/Stop mode
refer to Start/Stop system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Engine warm-up request
Ind icator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Environment Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Proper d isposa l of drained engine oil . . . . 205
Unleaded fuel.. .. .. .. .. ........... .. 191
EPC (engine contro l).. .. ............. ... 17
ESC Automatic post-collision braking system .
also refer to Electroni c stabilization con
trol
...............................
ESP
refer to Electronic stabilization control ..
Event Data Recorder (EDR) ............ . 120
120
120
127
Exterior lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Exterior mirrors
Adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
D ' . 1mming ........ .. .. ................ 44
Heating...... ... .. .. ................ 44
Exterior temperature display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
F
Fastening
Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Convertible child safety seats . . . . . . . . . . 180
Infant seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Floor mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Folding the rear seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Foot pedals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
For the sake of the environment
E nvironmentally -friendly driving . . . . . . . . 66
Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Roof rack . .. .. .. .. .. ... .......... ... 55
Warming up the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Freeze protection
Coolant additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Front airbags Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
How they work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Frontal collisions and the laws of physics . . 141