2016 TESLA MODEL S power steering

1. Interior door handles (Opening Doors from the Interior on page 6)
2.Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 68) and Autosteer (see
Autosteer on page 74)
3. High beams ( High Beam Headlights on page 51), Turn signals ( Turn Signals on page 51),
Wipers and washers ( Wiper Blades and Washer Jets on page 147)
4. Steering wheel buttons - left ( Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 37)
5. Instrument panel ( Instrument Panel on page 43)
6. Steering wheel buttons - right ( Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 38)
7. Gear selector ( Shifting Gears on page 42)
8. Touchscreen ( Touchscreen Overview on page 90)
9. Glove box button ( Glove Box on page 14)
10. Power window switches ( Opening and Closing on page 9)
11. Exterior mirror adjustment switches ( Mirrors on page 40)
12. Seats ( Front and Rear Seats on page 17)
13. Steering column adjuster (hidden from view in the above image) ( Steering Wheel on page
37)
14. Horn ( Horn on page 39)
15. Brakes ( Brakes on page 54)
16. Hazard warning lights ( Hazard Warning Flashers on page 52)
17. Cabin climate control ( Climate Controls on page 104)
18. Cup holders ( Cup Holders on page 16)
Interior Overview
2Model S Owner

8. Use the right steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the right side of theinstrument panel whenever a phone call is not active (see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons
on page 37).
9. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance, you can display the percentage of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls > Settings >
Units & Format > Energy & Charging (see Settings on page 99).
Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guideline only.
Note: In cold weather, some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available on your drive because the Battery is too cold. When this happens, a portion of the Battery meter isblue and the driving distance value has a
snowflake image next to it. If Model S is plugged in,
you can heat your Battery using wall power by turning on climate control using the mobile app. When the Battery warms up, the blue portion on the meter and the
snowflake image are
no longer displayed.
10. The speed limit (if available) that is currently being detected by Speed Assist (see Speed
Assist on page 88).
11. The car in front of you (if applicable).
12. Pay attention to important driving-related messages that appear at the bottom center of the instrument panel.
13. Your Model S.
14. When Autosteer is active, the driving lane is highlighted in blue (see Autosteer on page 74).
The lane may highlight in red If a front wheel passes over a lane marking and the associated
turn signal is
off (see Lane Assist on page 83).
15. The following distance that Traffic-Aware Cruise Control will maintain from the car in front of
you. You can adjust the following distance as appropriate for driving conditions (see Traffic-
Aware Cruise Control on page 68).
16. Currently selected gear: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.
Instrument Panel
Driving47

Regenerative Braking
Whenever Model S is moving and your foot is
off the accelerator, regenerative braking slows
down Model S and feeds any surplus energy
back to the Battery.
By anticipating your stops and simply
removing pressure from the accelerator to slow down, you can take advantage ofregenerative braking to increase driving range.
Of course, this is no substitute for regular
braking when needed for safety.
Note: If regenerative braking is aggressively
slowing Model S, such as on a steep descent,
brake lights turn on to alert other road users
that you are slowing down.
The Energy app displays real-time feedback
on the amount of energy being gained by
regenerative braking. You can also display the
power meter on either side of the instrument
panel by choosing Energy using the scroll
button on the steering wheel (see Steering
Wheel on page 37).
The amount of energy fed back to the Battery using regenerative braking can depend on the
current state of the Battery and the charge
level setting that you are using. If regenerative
braking is limited, a dashed yellow line
displays on the power meter. For example,
regenerative braking may be limited if the Battery is already fully charged or if the
ambient temperature is low.
To Set the Regenerative Braking Level
You can use the touchscreen to change the
level of regenerative braking:
1. Touch Controls > Driving > Regenerative Braking.
2. Choose from two levels:

the camera app window. You must be drivingat speeds below 5 mph (8 km/h).
Note: If a sensor is unable to provide
feedback, the instrument panel displays an
alert message.Caution: Keep sensors clean from dirt,
debris, snow, and ice. Avoid using a high
pressure power washer on the sensors
and do not clean a sensor with a sharp or abrasive object that can scratch or
damage its surface.Caution: Do not install accessories or
stickers on or near the parking sensors.
Controlling Audible Feedback
You can use Park Assist with or without
audible feedback. To turn chimes on or
off,touch Controls > Settings > Safety &
Security > Park Assist Chimes.
You can also mute the chimes temporarily by
pressing the scroll wheel on the left side of the steering wheel or by touching the mute buttonin the bottom left corner of the Park Assist
view. The chimes are muted until you shift into
a
different gear or drive over 5 mph (8 km/h).
Limitations and False Warnings
The parking sensors may not function
correctly in these situations:

5. Cold WeatherIf Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can control all seat
heaters as well as the heated wipers and steering wheel. Heaters that are turned on are displayed in red. To turn
off all seat heaters, touch All Off. Note that you can also control the
front driver and passenger seats using the main climate control panel located on the bottom
of the touchscreen (see Climate Controls on page 104).
6. Trips
View and reset the trip meters that summarize how far you have driven (see Trip Information
on page 61).
7. Displays
Manually control the brightness and the Day (light background) or Night (dark background)setting of the touchscreen and instrument panel. When set to Auto, the brightness changes
automatically between day and night brightness based on ambient lighting conditions. When
Auto-adjust is checked, the displays are further adjusted based on both the surroundings and
by learning your preferences (i.e. it remembers the type of manual adjustments you make).
To disable the touchscreen momentarily for cleaning purposes, touch Clean Mode.You can also put Model S into an energy saving mode so it consumes less energy when not inuse (see Getting Maximum Range on page 62).
Note: The Displays settings can also be accessed from the Settings screen.
8. E-Brake & Power
Off
You can manually:

Overview of Climate Controls
The climate controls are always available at the bottom of the touchscreen. By default, climate control is set to Auto On, which maintains optimum comfort in all but the most severe weather conditions. When you adjust the temperature, the system automatically adjusts the heating, air
conditioning, air distribution, air circulation, and fan speed to maintain your selected temperature. To override these settings, touch Auto On (see Customizing Climate Control on page 105).
The fan, heating, and air conditioning systems are powered by the Battery. Therefore, prolonged use decreases driving range.
Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicle
options, software version, market region, and settings, the information displayed may be slightly
different.
1. The front seats are equipped with heating pads that operate at three levels from 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest).
When operating, the indicator turns red and displays the setting number.
Note: If Model S is equipped with the optional cold weather package, you can also control seat heaters in the rear seats, heated wipers, and heated steering wheel by touchingControls > Cold Weather (see Controls on page 94). When equipped with the optional
executive rear seats, you can control the seat and the backrest separately in each second row
passenger seat.
2. Touch the up or down arrow to set the cabin temperature (from LO, 63

MotorTypeAC induction motor, liquid-cooled, withvariable frequency driveRating320 VoltsMaximum speed of large motors:
- rear motor on all single motor models
- rear motor on P85D16000 rpmMaximum speed of small motors:
- front motor on all dual motor models
- front and rear motor on 85D18000 rpmMaximum net power* and engine speed of large motorsBase: 285 kW @ 6850 rpm
Performance: 375 kW @ 5950 rpmMaximum net power* and engine speed of small
motorsBase: 145 kW @ 5700 rpm
Performance: 193 kW @ 6100 rpmMaximum torque of large motorsBase: 440 Nm
Performance: 650 NmMaximum torque of small motorsBase: 250 Nm
Performance: 330 Nm*Tested in accordance with ECE R85
Transmission
TypeSingle speed fixed gearOverall Final Drive Ratio9.73:1Reverse GearReverse direction of motor, limited to
15 mph (24 km/h)
Steering
TypeRack and pinion with electronic power steering
Variable ratio and speed sensitiveNumber of turns lock to lock2.45Turning Circle (curb to curb)40.7 ft (12.4 m)
Subsystems
166Model S Owner

AABS (Anti-lock Braking System) 54
Acceleration (dual motor) 94
access panel, removing 149accessoriesinstalling 159
plugging into power socket 113
air circulation 105
air conditioning 104
air distribution 105
air
filter 107
air suspension 109
air vents 107
airbags 31
alarm 121
all-season tires 137
always connected, setting 62
anti-lock braking (ABS) 54
audioplaying files 110
steering wheel buttons 37
volume control 110
Auto High Beam 51
Auto Lane Change 77
auto-raising suspension 108
automatic emergency braking 85
Autopark 79
Autopilot 65
Autosteer 74
B backup camera 64
battery (12V)complete discharge 129specifications 167Battery (high voltage)care of 129
coolant 149
specifications 168
temperature limits 129
battery (key), replacing 5
blind spot warning 83
Bluetoothdevices, playing audio files from 112
general information 114
phone, pairing and using 114
body repairs 159
body touch up 146
brake
fluid replacement 134
brakesautomatic in emergencies 85fluid level 150
overview of 54
specifications 167
brightness of displays 99
C
cabin temperature control 104
calendar 119
California Proposition 65 180
camera (rear view) 64
car cover 146
car washes 144
cargo volume 164
carpets, cleaning 145
CE
certifications 182
CHAdeMO 128
chains 138
change of ownership 103
charge port 130
charge port light 131
chargingcharge settings 132
components and equipment 127
instructions 130
public charging stations 128
scheduling 132
status of 133child protectiondisabling liftgate and rear door handles 7
disabling rear window switches 9child seatscleaning 145
installing and using 22
Tesla built-in rear facing 27
cleaning 144
climate controls 104
climate ionizer 99
clock 37
Cold Weather controls 94
collision avoidance assist 85
console12V power socket 113
cup holders 16
USB ports 113contact informationroadside assistance 174
Tesla 181coolantBattery, checking level of 149
Battery, replacement interval 134
copyrights 178, 179
Creep 94
cruise control 68
cup holders 16
customizing 99
D
dashboard overview 2
data recording 180
day mode 99
declarations of conformity 182
Index
Index185