2016 Hyundai Equus maintenance

7-47
Maintenance07
Compact spare tire replacement
A compact spare tire has a shorter
tread life than a regular one. Replace
it, when a tread wear indicator is
found. A compact spare tire should
be replaced with the one in the same
size as the original one, and should
be installed over a tire wheel of the
same compact size. A compact
spare tire is not designed to be
installed over a wheel of the regular
size, and a compact spare wheel is
not designed for a tire of the regular
size.
Wheel replacement
When replacing the metal wheels for
any reason, make sure the new
wheels are equivalent to the original
wheel in terms of diameter, rim width
and offset.
Information
The front tire size is different from the
rear one. While rotating tire positions,
check the size of the tires and wheels.
Information
A wheel in the different size may
adversely affect the wheel bearing,
braking, stopping, handling, ground
clearance, body-to-tire clearance,
snow-chain clearance, speedometer,
odometer, headlamp angle and
bumper height.
Tire traction
Tire traction may decrease when
driving with worn-out or improperly-
inflated tires on a slippery surface.
Tires should be replaced, when a
tread wear indicator appears. Slow
down the driving speed to lower the
risk of losing the vehicle control,
when it rains or snows, or when your
vehicle drives on a icy surface.
i
i
The compact spare tire is for
emergency use only. Do not
operate your vehicle on this
compact spare at a speed over
50 mph (80 km/h). The original
tire should be immediately
repaired or replaced to avoid a
spare-tire failure and a possible
personal injury or death.
WARNING

7-48
Maintenance
Tire maintenance
In addition to the proper inflation
pressure, correct wheel alignment
prevents tire abrasion. When you find
uneven tire abrasion, have the wheel
alignment checked by your EQUUS
dealer.
When replacing your tires, make
sure they are well balanced. This
increases your driving comfort and
tire life. Additionally, a tire should be
rebalanced after being removed from
a wheel.
Tire sidewall labeling
This information identifies and states
the fundamental tire specifications
and also provides the tire identifica-
tion number (TIN) for the safety stan-
dard certification. The TIN is to iden-
tify your tire in case of a recall.
1. Manufacturer or brand name
The manufacturer's or brand name is
shown.
2. Tire size designation
A tire side wall is marked with tire
size specifications. This information
is needed to select the right tire for
replacement. The letters and num-
bers in the tire size designation are
interpreted as below.
Example of the tire size designation:
(The following tire size designation is
provided as an example only; your
tire size designator may vary,
depending on your vehicle model.)
P245/45R19 98V
P - Applicable vehicle type (Tires,marked with the prefix “P,’’ are to
be used for passenger cars or
light trucks. However, this letter is
not shown on all tires).
245 - Tire width in millimeters.
45 - Aspect ratio. The ratio of the tire width to the tire height.
R - Tire construction code (Radial).
19 - Rim diameter in inches.
98 - Load Index, a numerical code associated with the maximum
load capacity.
V - Speed Rating Symbol. See the speed rating chart in this chapter
for further information.
I030B04JM
1
1
23
4
5,6
7

7-49
Maintenance07
Wheel size designation
Wheels are also marked with impor-
tant specifications. The following
example of the wheel size designa-
tion explains how the letters and
numbers are interpreted.
Example wheel size designation:
8.0JX19
8.0 - Rim width in inches.
J - Rim contour designation.
19 - Rim diameter in inches.
Tire speed ratings
The below chart lists up different
speed ratings for a tire of a passen-
ger vehicle. The speed rating is one
part of the tire size designation,
specified on the tire side wall. Each
symbol represents the maximum
driving speed of a tire.
3. Checking tire life (TIN : TireIdentification Number)
Any tires, which are 6 years or older
from the manufacturing date (includ-
ing the spare tire), should be
replaced with a new one. The manu-
facturing date is written on a tire side
wall (possibly inside of a wheel) in
the DOT Code. The DOT Code is a
series of numbers on a tire, which
consist of numbers and English let-
ters. The manufacturing date is writ-
ten in the last four digits (characters)
of the DOT code.
DOT : XXXX XXXX OOOO
The front part of the DOT are the
plant code, tire size and tread pat-
tern. The last four digits indicate the
manufacturing week and the manu-
facturing year.
For example:
DOT XXXX XXXX 1615 represents
that the tire was produced in the 16th
week of 2015.
S 112 mph (180 km/h)
T 118 mph (190 km/h)
H 130 mph (210 km/h) V 149 mph (240 km/h)Z Above 149 mph (240 km/h)
Maximum Speed
Speed
Rating
Symbol
- Tire age
Tires degrade over time, even
when they are not driven.
Regardless of the remaining
tread, it is recommended to
replace tires every 6 years. Heat
under the hot weather or fre-
quent overloading may acceler-
ate the aging process. Failure to
follow this warning may result
in a sudden tire failure, leading
to a loss of control, accident,
serious injury or death.
WARNING

7-50
Maintenance
4. Tire ply composition andmaterial
There are a number of layers or plies
of rubber-coated fabrics in the tire.
Tire manufacturers indicate the
materials on the tire, such as steel,
nylon and polyester. The letter "R"
means radial ply construction; the
letter "D" means diagonal or bias ply
construction; and the letter "B"
means belted-bias ply construction.
5. Maximum permissible infla-tion pressure
This number indicates the air pres-
sure limit of the tire. Do not inflate the
tire over the maximum pressure.
Refer to "Tire and Loading
Information Label" for the recom-
mended inflation pressure.
6. Maximum load rating
This number indicates the maximum
loading capacity in kilograms or in
pounds that a tire can carry. When
replacing the tires, always use the
tire of the same load rating as the
original one.
7. Uniform tire quality grading
Quality grades can be found where
applicable on the tire sidewall
between tread shoulder and maxi-
mum section width.
For example: TREAD wear 200
TRACTION AA
TEMPERATURE A
Tread wear
The tread wear grade is a compara-
tive rating based on a tire wear-out
rating, which is recorded while being
tested under a controlled condition
on a test course specified by a gov-
ernment. For example, a tire, of
which the tread wear grade is 150,
would wear out one-and-a half times
(1½) faster than a tire graded 100.
The actual tread wear rating
depends on the actual driving condi-
tions. In addition, the actual tread
wear rating may significantly vary
from the tread wear grade due to a
lot of variations, such as driving
habits, maintenance conditions, road
characteristics and climates.
These grades are written on the tire
side wall of a passenger vehicle. The
available tires with the standard or
optional equipment may vary with
respect to this grade.
Traction - AA, A, B & C
The traction grades, from the highest
to the lowest, are AA, A, B and C.
Those grades represent the stopping
performance level of a tire measured
on a wet test surface specified by the
government under a controlled con-
dition. A tire marked with the letter, C,
may have poor traction.
The traction grade of a tire is
based on a braking traction test,
while driving straight ahead. The
test does not include accelerat-
ing, cornering, hydroplaning, or
towing situations.
WARNING

7-51
Maintenance07
Temperature -A, B & C
The temperature grades of a tire are
A, B and C, from the highest to the
lowest, representing the heat-resist-
ing and the heat-dissipating capabili-
ty. A tire is tested under a controlled
condition on a specified indoor labo-
ratory test wheel.
Continuous driving at a high temper-
ature may degenerate the tire mate-
rials and reduce the tire life. Also, a
quick temperature increase may
cause a sudden tire failure. A tire
with the grade C just meets the per-
formance level required by the
Federal Vehicle Safety Standard No.
109, which all tires for a passenger
vehicle must meet. Grades A and B
represent a higher performance level
of a tire on the indoor laboratory test
wheel, above the minimum law
requirement.
Low aspect ratio tire
(if equipped)
A low aspect ratio tire, of which the
aspect ratio is lower than 50, is
designed for a sporty-look vehicle.
The low aspect ratio is to optimize
handling and braking. Thus, it may
be uncomfortable to ride and it may
generate noises, in comparison with
a normal tire.
- Tire temperature
The temperature grade for this
tire is established for a tire that
is properly inflated and not
overloaded. Excessive speed,
underinflation, or excessive
loading, either separately or in
combination, can cause heat
build-up and possible sudden
tire failure. This can cause loss
of vehicle control and serious
injury or death.
WARNING
The side wall of a low aspect
ratio tire is shorter than the nor-
mal one. Thus, the low-aspect
wheel and tire are easily dam-
aged. Follow the below instruc-
tions.
When driving on a rough road or driving off a road, be care-
ful not to damage the tires
and wheels. After driving,
inspect the tires and wheels.
When passing over a pothole, speed bump, manhole, or
curb stone, slowly drive the
vehicle not to damage the
tires and wheels.
When there is an impact on a tire, inspect the tire condition.
Or, contact an authorized
EQUUS dealer.
Inspect the tire condition and pressure every 1,800 miles
(3,000 km) to prevent a tire
damage.
CAUTION

7-52
Maintenance
Tire terminology and defini-
tions
Air Pressure:The amount of air
inside a tire, pressing the inside the
tire outwards. Air pressure is meas-
ured in pounds per square inch (psi)
or kilopascal (kPa).
Accessory Weight: This is the com-
bined weights of optional acces-
sories. Some examples of optional
accessories are the automatic trans-
mission, power seats, and air condi-
tioning.
Aspect Ratio: The ratio of a tire
width to a height.
Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords
that is located between the plies and
the tread. Cords may be made from
steel or other reinforcing materials.
Bead: The tire bead contains the
steel wires wrapped with steel cords.
This holds a tire onto a rim. Bias Ply Tire:
This is a pneumatic
tire, in which plies are laid at alter-
nate angles less than 90 degrees on
the tread centerline.
Cold Tire Pressure: This is the
amount of air pressure inside a tire,
measured in pounds per square inch
(psi) or kilopascals (kPa), before the
heat build-up due to driving.
Curb Weight: This is the vehicle
weight with standard and optional
equipment including the full fuel tank,
oil tanks and coolant tanks. However,
this excludes the weight of passen-
gers and loads.
DOT Markings: This code is marked
on a tire side wall, as an indication of
the its compliance with the U.S.
Department of Transportation motor
vehicle safety standards. The DOT
code includes the Tire Identification
Number (TIN), alphanumeric desig-
nator for the manufacturer identifica-
tion, manufacturing plant, brand and
manufacturing date.
GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight
Rating for the Front Axle.
GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight
Rating for the Rear axle.
Intended Outboard Sidewall: This
asymmetrical tire side must face out-
wards, while being installed on a
vehicle.
Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for
air pressure.
Light Truck (LT) Tire: A tire desig-
nated by its manufacturer as primari-
ly intended for use on lightweight
trucks or multipurpose passenger
vehicles.
Load Ratings: The maximum load
that a tire is rated to carry for a given
inflation pressure.
• It is difficult to recognize a tire
damage only with your eyes.
When there is a slight hint of a
tire damage, check and
replace the tire to prevent the
damage caused by air leak-
age.
When a tire is damaged while driving on a rough road, off a
road, or over obstacles, such
as a pothole, manhole, or curb
stone, your warranty does not
cover the damage.
The tire information is speci- fied on the tire side wall.
CAUTION

7-53
Maintenance07
Load Index:The numerical index,
on a scale of 1 to 279, to indicate a
tire loading capacity.
Maximum Inflation Pressure: The
maximum air pressure to which a
cold tire may be inflated. The maxi-
mum air pressure information is
specified on a tire side wall.
Maximum Load Rating: The load-
ing capacity for a tire, which is inflat-
ed to the maximum.
Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight:
The sum of curb weight; accessory
weight; vehicle capacity weight; and
production options weight.
Normal Occupant Weight: The mul-
tiplication of the designated occu-
pant seat number by 150 pounds (68
kg).
Occupant Distribution: Designated
seating positions.
Outward Facing Sidewall: The side
of a asymmetrical tire that has a par-
ticular side that faces outward when
mounted on a vehicle. The outward
facing sidewall bears white lettering
or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or
model name molding that is higher or
deeper than the same moldings on
the inner facing sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: This tire
is for a passenger vehicle, a light
truck or a multipurpose vehicle.
Ply: A layer of rubber-coated parallel
cords
Pneumatic Tire: A mechanical
device made of rubber, chemicals,
fabric and steel or other materials,
that, when mounted on an automo-
tive wheel, provides the traction and
contains the gas or fluid that sustains
the load. Production Options Weight:
The
combined weight of installed regular
production options weighing over 5
lb.(2.3 kg) in excess of the standard
items which they replace, not previ-
ously considered in curb weight or
accessory weight, including heavy
duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack,
heavy duty battery, and special trim.
Recommended Inflation Pressure:
Vehicle manufacturer's recommend-
ed pressure to inflate a tire. This is
specified on a tire placard.
Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in
which the ply cords that extend to the
beads are laid at 90 degrees to the
centerline of the tread.
Rim: A metal support for a tire and
upon which the tire beads are seat-
ed.
Sidewall: The portion of a tire
between the tread and the bead.
Speed Rating: An alphanumeric
code to indicate the maximum speed
to which a tire can operate.
Traction: The friction between a tire
and a road surface. The amount of
grip provided.
Tread: The contacting portion of a
tire with the road.
Treadwear Indicators: This is a nar-
row band, sometimes called "wear
bars." This appears across the tread,
when only 2/32 inch of tread
remains.
UTQGS: The Uniform Tire Quality
Grading Standards is the information
of traction, temperature and tread
abrasion. A rating is measured by a
tire manufacturer in accordance with
the government-specified testing
procedure. The rating information is
specified on the tire side wall.

7-54
Maintenance
Vehicle Capacity Weight: The mul-
tiplication of the designated occu-
pant seat number by 150 pounds (68
kg) plus the loading weight.
Vehicle Maximum Load on the
Tire: Loading capacity for an individ-
ual tire. The curb and accessory
weights plus the maximum occupant
and loading weights.
Vehicle Normal Load on the Tire:
Loading capacity for an individual
axle. The sum of the curb, accessory,
and normal occupant weights is
divided by 2.
Vehicle Placard: A label, perma-
nently attached to a vehicle, to indi-
cate the original equipment tire size
and the recommended inflation pres-
sure.
All season tires
HYUNDAI designated some models
of all-season tires to provide good
performance for use all year round,
including snowy and icy road condi-
tions. All-season tires are identified
by ALL SEASON and/or M+S (Mud
and Snow) on the tire side wall.
Snow tires have better snow traction
than all season tires and may be
more appropriate in some areas.
Summer tires
HYUNDAI designated some models
of summer tires to provide superior
performance on dry roads. Summer
tire performance is substantially
reduced in snow and ice. Summer
tires do not have a tire traction rating
mark, M+S (Mud and Snow), on the
tire side wall. Before driving in snowy
or icy conditions, it is recommended
to install snow tires or all-season
tires on all four wheels.
Snow tires
When equipping your vehicle with
snow tires, the tires should be in the
same size and have the same load
capacity as the original ones. Snow
tires should be installed on all four
wheels. Otherwise, it may cause
poor handling. Snow tires should be
more inflated by 4 psi (28 kPa) than
the lesser of the two recommended
pressures - one specified on the tire
label attached to the central pillar on
the driver's side, and the other spec-
ified on the tire side wall.
Do not drive faster than 75 mph (120
km/h) when your car is equipped with
snow tires.
- Snow or ice
When driving on a snowy or icy road, drive slower than 20
mph (30 km/h).
Use the SAE “S” class or wire chains.
When you hear chain-rattling noise, retighten the chain to
avoid its contact with the
vehicle body.
To prevent damage to the vehicle body, retighten the
chains after driving 0.3~0.6
miles (0.5~1.0 km).
Do not use tire chains on a vehicle equipped with alu-
minum wheels. In unavoidable
circumstance, use the wire-
type chains.
Use the wire chains, of which the diameter is less than 0.47
inches (12 mm), to prevent
damage to the chain connect-
ing parts.
WARNING