2016 HONDA HR-V remote start

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
VISUAL INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
MAINTENANCE
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
DRIVING
HONDALINK®
NAVIGATION
Honda Automobile Customer Service
Your authorized Honda dealer should be able to answer any questions you have
about your vehicle. However, if you are dissatisfi ed with the information you receive,
you can call Honda Automobile Customer Service (see page 136).
Honda Roadside Assistance
24-hour emergency road service is available to you in the United States and Canada
throughout your 3-year/36,000-mile warranty term. Services include jump starting,
fl at tire and lockout assistance, towing, and more (limitations apply). This Owner’s Guide is intended to help you quickly get acquainted with your 2016
Honda HR-V. It provides basic information and instructions on technology and
convenience features, as well as emergency procedures and how to get assistance.
This guide is for vehicles sold in the United States and Canada. It covers all HR-V
models, so you may fi nd descriptions of features and equipment that are not in your
vehicle. Images throughout this guide are from U.S. vehicles and represent features
and equipment that are available on some, but not all, models.
This guide is not intended to be a substitute for the Owner’s Manual. The Owner
Information CD enclosed in your glove box kit includes the Owner’s Manual,
Navigation Manual, and vehicle and tire warranties in electronic format. This
information can be viewed on a computer (PC or Mac platform) and saved or printed
for your reference. You can also visit owners.honda.com (U.S.) or myhonda.ca
(Canada) to view the complete and most current information.
If you are the fi rst registered owner of your vehicle, you may request a complimentary
printed copy of the Owner’s Manual, Navigation Manual, or Vehicle Warranty within
the fi rst six months of vehicle purchase. To request a copy, visit owners.honda.com
(U.S.) and create or log in to your account. In Canada, please request a copy from
your Honda dealer.
American Honda Motor Company strives to be proactive in protecting our
environment and natural resources. By using electronic delivery for a considerable
portion of the information typically found in a vehicle owner’s manual, we are further
reducing our impact on the environment.
INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
Call (800) 999-1009 (U.S.) or (888) 946-6329 (Canada)
Call (866) 864-5211 (U.S.) or (800) 465-7587 (Canada)
*if equipped
VISUAL INDEX .......................................1
Steering Wheel and Nearby Controls...1
Dashboard and Other Controls ...........2
SAFETY INFORMATION ........................3
Important Safety Information ..............3
Seat Belts ...............................................5
Airbags ....................................................9
Child Safety ..........................................15
Safety Label Locations .......................22
Reporting Safety Defects ...................23
INSTRUMENT PANEL .........................24
Malfunction Indicators ......................24
Condition Indicators ...........................26
On/Off Indicators .................................27
Information Display ............................28
Customized Features ..........................29
VEHICLE CONTROLS ...........................30
Using the Key or Remote Transmitter ... 30
Smart Entry System* ...........................31
Door Operation ....................................32
Tailgate Operation ..............................33
Power Window Operation ................34
Power Moonroof Operation* ...........35
Interior and Exterior Lights ...............36
One-Touch Turn Signal .......................37
Wiper Operation ..................................38
Adjusting the Seats ............................39
Rear Seats ...........................................42
Adjusting the Mirrors .........................43
Adjusting the Steering Wheel ..........44
Air Conditioning System* .................44
Climate Control System* ..................45
Seat Heaters* ......................................47
Setting the Clock .................................47AUDIO AND CONNECTIVITY .............48
Basic Audio Operation .......................48
Models with color audio system
Color Audio System* ..........................51
FM/AM Radio .......................................52
Compact Disc (CD) ..............................53
iPod
®......................................................54
USB Flash Drive ..................................55
Bluetooth
® Audio ................................56
Models with touchscreen
Touchscreen Operation* ...................57
HondaLink™ ........................................58
FM/AM Radio ......................................59
SiriusXM
® Radio* ...............................60
Compact Disc (CD) .............................61
iPod
®......................................................62
USB Flash Drive ..................................63
Bluetooth
® Audio ................................64
Pandora
® ..............................................65
HDMI Video ..........................................66
BLUETOOTH
® HANDSFREELINK® (HFL) ... 67
Models with color audio system
Basic HFL Operation ...........................67
Pairing a Phone ...................................68
Making a Call ......................................69
Models with touchscreen
Basic HFL Operation ...........................70
Pairing a Phone ...................................72
Making a Call ......................................73
SMS Text Messaging and E-Mail* ... 75
HondaLink™ Assist ............................76
Siri™ Eyes Free ...................................76
NAVIGATION* ......................................77
Basic Navigation Operation .............77

| 1 VISUAL INDEX
INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
SPECIFICATIONS
MAINTENANCE
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
DRIVING
NAVIGATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VISUAL INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
HONDALINK®
Quickly locate items in the vehicle’s interior.
Steering Wheel and Nearby Controls
1 Lights/turn signals/LaneWatch
button* p. 36, p. 37, p. 98
2 SEL/RESET knob* p. 28
Brightness control p. 36
3 Wipers/washers p. 38
4 Cruise control buttons p. 95
5 Horn
6 Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink®/voice
recognition buttons p. 67, p. 70,
p. 78
7 Audio controls p. 49
MENU button* p. 49
Display button* p. 57
8 Instrument panel p. 24
9 Information display p. 28
10 Hood release handle p. 119
11 Fuel fi ll door handle p. 101
12 ENGINE START/STOP button* p. 89
13 ECON button* p. 94
14 Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA®) OFF
button p. 94
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
button* p. 97
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) button* p. 106
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
button* p. 96
Heated windshield button* p. 46
VISUAL INDEX
*if equipped *if equipped
82
1456121011
1713394
Entering a Destination .......................80
Routing ..................................................82
DRIVING ................................................84
Before Driving .....................................84
Maximum Load Limit ..........................86
Starting to Drive ..................................88
Shifting ..................................................89
Braking .................................................91
Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA
®), aka
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
System ...................................................94
Eco Assist System ...............................94
Cruise Control ......................................95
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)* ... 96
Lane Departure Warning (LDW)* .....97
LaneWatch™* .....................................98
Models with color audio system
Multi-View Rear Camera* .................99
Models with touchscreen
Multi-View Rear Camera* ...............100
Refueling ............................................101
HANDLING THE UNEXPECTED .......102
Smart Entry Remote Battery Strength* ... 102
Jump Starting ....................................102
Shift Lever Does Not Move* ...........103
Overheating ........................................104
Emergency Engine Stop* .................105
Emergency Towing ...........................105
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) ................................................106Changing a Flat Tire ..........................107
Fuse Locations ...................................111
MAINTENANCE .................................116
Safety Precautions ...........................116
Maintenance Minder™....................117
Under the Hood ..................................119
Engine Oil ...........................................120
Engine Coolant ..................................122
Window Washer Fluid .....................123
Checking the Battery ........................123
Changing Wiper Blades ...................124
Tire Information .................................126
Tire Labeling ......................................129
DOT Tire Quality Grading .................130
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) - Required Federal
Explanation ........................................132
Testing of Readiness Codes ............133
SPECIFICATIONS ...............................134
CUSTOMER INFORMATION .............135
Frequently Asked Questions/
Troubleshooting ................................135
Contact Us ..........................................136
Honda Roadside Assistance ...........137
Warranty Coverages .........................137
VOICE COMMAND INDEX ................138
INDEX ..................................................144

26 || 27 INSTRUMENT PANEL INSTRUMENT PANEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
VISUAL INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
MAINTENANCE
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
DRIVING
HONDALINK®
NAVIGATION
Condition Indicators
These indicators may require you to perform an action.
Parking brake
Release the parking brake before driving. You will hear a beep if you drive
with it not fully released.
Seat belt reminder
Make sure seat belts are fastened for you and all passengers. The indicator
blinks and beeps sound continuously if you or your front passenger has not
fastened your seat belts when you begin driving. If the indicator remains on
after seat belts are fastened, see your dealer.
Door/tailgate open
A door or the tailgate is open.
Low fuel
Refuel as soon as possible. If the indicator blinks, there is a problem with the
fuel gauge. See your dealer.
Low tire pressure
Stop in a safe place, check tire pressures, and infl ate tire(s) if necessary. If
the indicator remains on after tire infl ation, you need to calibrate the system
(see page 106). The indicator also appears if your vehicle is fi tted with the
compact spare tire. Have your regular tire repaired or replaced as soon as
possible.
Lane Departure Warning ( LDW)* (Canadian models only)
(Blinks) Take appropriate action to keep the vehicle within the lane.
CanadaU.S.
*if equipped
Washer uid level (Canadian models only)
Washer fl uid is low. Refi ll the reservoir (see page 123).
Brake depress
• During automatic brake hold operation, the automatic brake hold button is
pressed without pressing the brake pedal. Make sure you press the brake
pedal.
• (Blinks) Automatic brake hold is canceled during operation. Immediately
press the brake pedal.
Forward Collision Warning ( FCW)* (Canadian models only)
(Blinks) The system detects a likely collision with a vehicle in front of you,
and a beep sounds. Take appropriate action to prevent a collision.
Maintenance Minder™
Scheduled maintenance for your vehicle is due.
Immobilizer
Your key or remote transmitter cannot be recognized by the vehicle. If the
indicator blinks, you may not be able to start the engine. Turn the vehicle off,
and then on again. If it continues to blink, there may be a problem with the
system. See your dealer.
CVT models
MT models
On/Off Indicators
These indicators remind you when an item is on or off.
VSA off
VSA on (blinks)
CRUISE MAIN on
CRUISE CONTROL on
Turn signals/ hazards on
Fog lights* on
High beams on Exterior lights on
ECON mode* on
Brake hold system on
Brake hold activated
Electric parking brake on
FCW* off
LDW* off
U.S.
Canada
U.S.
Canada
*if equipped
Low temperature
The engine coolant temperature is low. If the indicator remains on, there
may be a problem with temperature sensors.

102 || 103 HANDLING THE UNEXPECTED HANDLING THE UNEXPECTED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
VISUAL INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
MAINTENANCE
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
DRIVING
HONDALINK®
NAVIGATION
HANDLING THE UNEXPECTED
*if equipped
WARNING: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead
compounds. Wash your hands after handling.
After the Engine Starts
Once your vehicle’s engine has started, remove the jumper cables in the following
order:
1. Disconnect the jumper cable from your vehicle’s stud bolt.
2. Disconnect the other end of the jumper cable from the assisting vehicle’s (-)
terminal.
3. Disconnect the jumper cable from your vehicle’s (+) terminal.
4. Disconnect the other end of the jumper cable from the assisting vehicle’s (+)
terminal.
5. Have your vehicle inspected by a nearby service station or a dealer.
Shift Lever Does Not Move*
Follow the procedure below if you cannot move the shift lever out of Park (P).
1. Set the parking brake.
2. Remove the key from the ignition, or remove the
built-in key from the remote transmitter.
3. Wrap a cloth around the tip of a small fl at-tip
screwdriver. Put it into the shift lock release slot as
shown in the image, and remove the cover.
4. Insert the key into the shift lock release slot.
5. While pushing the key down, press the shift lever
release button and place the shift lever into Neutral
(N). The lock is now released. Have the shift lever
checked by a dealer as soon as possible.
Slot
Release buttonShift lock
release slot
*if equipped
Learn about what to do in critical or emergency situations.
Smart Entry Remote Battery Strength*
If the battery life in your remote transmitter is weak, follow the below steps to start
the engine.
1. Touch the back of the remote transmitter to the
ENGINE START/STOP button while the indicator is
fl ashing.
2. With the brake pedal pressed (and the clutch
pedal for manual transmission), press the ENGINE
START/STOP button within 10 seconds.
Jump Starting
Turn off the power to electric devices, such as audio and lights. Turn off the engine,
then open the hood.
1. Remove the under-hood fuse box cover (see
page 111). Connect the fi rst jumper cable to your
vehicle’s battery (+) terminal.
2. Connect the other end of the fi rst jumper cable
to the booster battery (+) terminal. Use a 12-volt
booster battery only.
3. Connect the second jumper cable to the booster
battery (-) terminal.
4. Connect the other end of the second jumper cable
to the stud bolt as shown. Do not connect this
jumper cable to any other part.
5. If your vehicle is connected to another vehicle,
start the assisting vehicle’s engine and increase its
rpm slightly.
6. Attempt to start your vehicle’s engine. If it turns over slowly, make sure that the
jumper cables have good metal-to-metal contact.
A battery can explode if you do not follow the correct procedure, seriously
injuring anyone nearby.
Keep all sparks, open fl ames, and smoking materials away from the
battery.
WARNING
Booster
batteryCover

134 || 135 CUSTOMER INFORMATION SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
VISUAL INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
MAINTENANCE
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
DRIVING
HONDALINK®
NAVIGATION
Vehicle
Engine and Fuel
Tires
Light Bulbs
Fluids*1: 2WD
*2: AWD
ModelHR-V
No. of Passengers:
Front 2
Rear 3
Total 5
Weights:Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating 4,001 lbs (1,815 kg)*14,166 lbs (1,890 kg)*2Gross Axle Weight
Rating (Front)2,127 lbs (965 kg)*12,178 lbs (988 kg)*2Gross Axle Weight
Rating (Rear)1,873 lbs (850 kg)*11,988 lbs (902 kg)*2Air Conditioning:
Refrigerant Type HFC-134a (R-134a)
Charge Quantity 14.3 - 16.0 oz (405 - 455 g)
Lubricant Type ND-OIL8
Engine Specifications
Fuel
Displacement109.8 cu-in (1,800 cm3)
Spark PlugsNGK DILZKR7B11GS
DENSODXU22HCR-D11S
Fuel:
TypeUnleaded gasoline, Pump octane number
of 87 or higher
Fuel Tank Capacity 13.2 US gal (50 liters)
RegularSize215/55R17 94VPressure
psi (kPa[kgf/cm2])Front32 (220 [2.2])Rear30 (210 [2.1])
Compact
SpareSize T135/90D16 102M
Pressure
psi (kPa[kgf/cm
2])60 (420 [4.2])
Wheel SizeRegular17 x 7 1/2JCompact Spare16 x 4T
Headlights (High/Low Beam)60/55W (HB2)
Fog Lights*35W (H8)Side Marker Lights5W
Front Turn Signal/Parking Lights 28/8W (Amber)
Brake/Tail/Side Marker LightsLED
Back-Up Lights 16W
Rear Turn Signal Lights21W (Amber)
High-Mount Brake Light LED
Side Turn Signal Lights*LED
Rear License Plate Lights 5W
Interior LightsVanity Mirror Light*1.8WMap Lights8WCeiling Light8WCargo Area Light5W
Brake Fluid
Continuously Variable Transmission Fluid
*
*1: 2WD
*2: AWD
Manual Transmission Fluid*
SpecifiedHonda Heavy Duty Brake Fluid DOT 3
SpecifiedHonda HCF-2 Transmission Fluid
Capacity Change3.7 US qt (3.5 L)*14.2 US qt (4.0 L)*2
SpecifiedHonda Manual Transmission Fluid
Capacity Change 2.0 US qt (1.9 L)
Engine Oil
Engine Coolant
*1: Continuously variable transmission models
*2: Manual transmission models
Recommended·Genuine Honda Motor Oil 0W-20
·API Premium-grade 0W-20 detergent oil
CapacityChange 3.7 US qt (3.5 L)
Change
including
filter3.9 US qt (3.7 L)
SpecifiedHonda Long-Life Antifreeze/Coolant Type2
Ratio 50/50 with distilled water
Capacity
1.39 US gal (5.25 L)*1(change including the remaining
0.13 US gal (0.5 L) in the reserve tank)
1.38 US gal (5.24 L)*2
(change including the remaining
0.13 US gal (0.5 L) in the reserve tank)
Washer Fluid
Tank CapacityU.S.: 2.6 US qt (2.5 L)
Canada: 4.8 US qt (4.5 L)
Rear Differential Fluid*SpecifiedHonda Dual Pump Fluid II
Capacity Change 1.318 US qt (1.247 ℓ)
SPECIFICATIONS
Learn about information specifi c to you as a Honda customer and how to get help.
Frequently Asked Questions/ Troubleshooting
Below are some frequently asked questions and troubleshooting items that you may
have about the vehicle.
Q: How do I set the vehicle clock?
A: For vehicles without navigation, see page 47. For vehicles with navigation, the
time is automatically set using GPS signals.
Q: Why doesn’t the vehicle start when I press the ENGINE START/STOP button?*
A: The brake pedal must be pressed to start the engine.
Q: What is the AUTO setting on my headlight lever?
A: When in the AUTO position, the vehicle’s exterior lights will automatically turn
on or off depending on the ambient lighting.
Q: Why won’t the driver’s door unlock when I grab the door handle, even though
the keyless access remote is within range?*
A: If you pull the handle too quickly, the system may not have time to confi rm the
door is unlocked. Wait to hear a beep to confi rm the door is unlocked. If you are
wearing gloves, the system may be slow to respond.
Q: After my battery was disconnected or went dead, the audio system is asking for
a code. Where do I nd this?
A: In most cases, you do not need to enter a code. Turn on the vehicle and the
audio system, and press and hold the power button until the system reactivates.
Q: Why can’t I operate Pandora
® through the audio system?
A: Audio may be streaming through Bluetooth® Audio. Make sure Pandora mode
is selected and the phone cable is properly connected to the USB adapter.
Some phones may prompt you to “Allow” a connection.
Q: Is my phone compatible with Bluetooth features?
A: Visit handsfreelink.com (U.S.) or handsfreelink.ca (Canada) to check phone
compatibility for Bluetooth
® Audio, Bluetooth® HandsFreeLink®, and SMS text
messaging.
Q: Every time I press the Talk button, the system gives me voice prompts. Can I turn
these off?*
A: From the Home screen, select Settings. Select the Voice Recog tab, then select
Voice Prompt. Select Off.
CUSTOMER INFORMATION
*if equipped *if equipped

146 || 147 INDEX INDEX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX
VISUAL INDEX
VOICE COMMAND
INDEX
SAFETY
INFORMATION
CUSTOMER
INFORMATION
INSTRUMENT PANEL
SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE
CONTROLS
MAINTENANCE
AUDIO AND
CONNECTIVITY
HANDLING THE
UNEXPECTED
BLUETOOTH®
HANDSFREELINK®
DRIVING
HONDALINK®
NAVIGATION
Talk Button Tips .........................................79
Traffi c..........................................................83
Voice Prompt .............................................79
Navigation Commands ..............................138
One-Touch Turn Signal ................................37
On-screen Commands ..............................143
Opening the Hood ......................................119
Overheating ................................................104
Paddle Shifters .............................................90
Pairing a Phone ......................................68, 72
Pandora
® .......................................................65
Pandora® Commands ................................142
Panic button ..................................................30
Parking brake ...............................................26
Passenger Airbag Off Indicator .................12
Phone .......................................................68, 72
Phonebook ..............................................69, 73
PHONE button ...............................................67
Phone Commands ......................................143
Pick-Up button ..................................67, 70, 77
Place Category .............................................81
Power Door Mirrors ....................................43
Power Mode .................................................89
Power Moonroof ..........................................35
Power Windows ...........................................34
Radio ........................................................52, 59
Readiness Codes .......................................133
Rear Camera .........................................99, 100
Rear Seats ...............................................40, 42
Rearview Mirror ...........................................43
Rear Wiper ....................................................38
Refueling .....................................................101
Remote Battery Strength ..........................102
Remote Transmitter .....................................30
Reporting Safety Defects ...........................23
Roadside Assistance .................................137
Route Commands .......................................140
Routing ...........................................................82
Safety Information .........................................3
Carbon Monoxide Gas ...............................4
Childproof Door Locks .............................32
Child Safety ...............................................15
Handling Information .................................4
Reporting Safety Defects ........................23
Safety Label Locations ............................22
Safety Messages ........................................3
Seat Belts ........................................................5
Fastening a Seat Belt .................................7
Lap/Shoulder Seat Belts ...........................5
Seat Belt Inspection ..................................6
Seat Belt Reminder ..................................26
Seat Belt with Detachable Anchor ..........8
Shoulder Anchor ........................................7
Seat Heaters .................................................47
Seats ..............................................................39Front Seats ................................................39
Rear Seats ...........................................40, 42
Selector knob ...............................................67
Select/reset knob ...................................28, 29
Service Codes ............................................118
Settings ..........................................................29
Setting the Clock ..........................................47
Shifting ...........................................................89
Shift Lever Does Not Move ......................103
Shoulder Anchor ............................................7
Side Airbags .................................................10
Side Curtain Airbags ...................................10
Siri Eyes Free ................................................76
SiriusXM
® Radio ...........................................60
SiriusXM® Radio Commands ....................141
Smart entry system ................................25, 31
SMS Text Messaging ..................................75
Song By Voice™ Commands ....................141
Sound .............................................................50
Specifi cations .............................................134
Speed Dial ...............................................69, 74
Starter system ..............................................25
Steering Wheel ............................................44
Steering Wheel and Nearby Controls ........1
Steering Wheel Controls ......................49, 77
Street Address .............................................80
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) 11, 24
System message ..........................................26
Tailgate ..............................................30, 31, 33
Talk button .........................................67, 70, 77
Talk Button Tips ......................................71, 79
Text Messaging ............................................75
Tire Chains...................................................128
Tire Information ..........................................126
DOT Tire Quality Grading .......................130
Infl ation Guidelines ................................126
Tire and Loading Information Label .....127
Tire and Wheel Replacement ...............127
Tire Identifi cation Number (TIN) ..........129
Tire Labeling ............................................129
Tire Service Life ......................................128
Tire Terminology .....................................129
Wear Indicators ......................................126
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
.........................................................25, 106, 132
Tires ..............................................................134
Touchscreen Operation ..............................57
Towing ..........................................................105
TPMS .............................................25, 106, 132
Traffi c .............................................................83
Troubleshooting ..........................................135
Turn Signal ..............................................27, 37
Under the Hood ..........................................119
USB Commands .........................................142
USB Flash Drive .....................................55, 63USB Port ........................................................48
Vehicle .........................................................134
Vehicle Controls ...........................................30
Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA
®) ......25, 27, 94
Visual Index ....................................................1
Voice Command Index ..............................138
Voice Prompt ................................................79
VSA
® ...................................................25, 27, 94
Warranty Coverages .................................137
Washer fl uid level ........................................27
Wear Indicators .........................................126
Window Washer Fluid ...............................123
Windows .......................................................34
Winter Tires.................................................128
Wiper Blades ..............................................124
Wiper Operation ...........................................38