2016 CHEVROLET EXPRESS CARGO VAN brake fluid

Black plate (11,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
Service and Maintenance 11-11
Recommended Fluids
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants
This maintenance section applies to vehicles with a gasoline engine. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see the
maintenance schedule section in the Duramax diesel supplement.
Fluids and lubricants identified below by name, part number, or specification can be obtained from your dealer.Usage Fluid/Lubricant
Engine Oil Use only engine oil licensed to the dexos1
®specification of the proper SAE
viscosity grade. ACDelco dexos1 Synthetic Blend is recommended. See
Engine Oil on page 10-6.
Engine Coolant 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and use only DEX-COOL
®Coolant.
See Engine Coolant on page 10-14.
Hydraulic Brake System DOT 3 Hydraulic Brake Fluid (GM Part No. 19299818, in Canada 19299819).
Windshield Washer Automotive windshield washer fluid that meets regional freeze protection requirements.
Parking Brake Cable Guides Chassis Lubricant (GM Part No. 12377985, in Canada 88901242) or lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2, Category LB or GC-LB.
Power Steering System GM Power Steering Fluid (GM Part No. 89021185, in Canada 89021186).
Automatic Transmission DEXRON
®-VI Automatic Transmission Fluid.

Black plate (1,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
INDEX i-1
A
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-54
Additional Information
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . 10-12
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Airbag System
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
What Will You See after an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . 3-19 Airbags
Adding Equipment to the
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Light On-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
On-Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
On-Off Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-43
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Antilock Brake
System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-80
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-85
Ashtrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Audio Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 Audio System
Fixed Mast Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Radio Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . . 7-2
Automatic Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Shift Lock Control
Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Auxiliary Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Axle, Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
B
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-74
Load Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Voltage and ChargingMessages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . 10-28

Black plate (2,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
i-2 INDEX
BluetoothOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Brake System Warning Light . . . . . . . . 5-19
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22 Antilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Braking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Break-In, New Vehicle . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33 Center High-MountedStoplamp (CHMSL) . . . . . . . 10-32
Front Turn Signal, Sidemarker, and
Parking Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29
Headlamp Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29
License Plate Lamps . . . . . . . 10-33
Taillamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-59C
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
California Fuel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Perchlorate MaterialsRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Camera Rear Vision (RVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36
Canadian Vehicle Owners . . . . . . . . iii
Capacities and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Carbon Monoxide Engine Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Winter Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Cargo Door Relocking . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Cautions, Danger, and
Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
CD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Center High-Mounted Stoplamp (CHMSL) . . . . . . . . . 10-32
Chains, Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-63
Charging System Light . . . . . . . . 5-16 Check
Engine Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Ignition
Transmission Lock . . . . . . . . 10-27
Child Restraints Infants and YoungChildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Older Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Securing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43, 3-45
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Cigarette Lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35
Cleaning Exterior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-80
Interior Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-85
Climate Control Systems . . . . . . . 8-1 Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Rear Heating System . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Cluster, Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Collision Damage Repair . . . . . . 13-9

Black plate (4,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
i-4 INDEX
Electrical SystemEngine Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35
Floor Console Fuse Block . . 10-39
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Emergency OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
Check and Service Engine
Soon Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . 10-5
Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Cooling System Messages . . . 5-31
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
Oil Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Oil Pressure Gauge . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Engine (cont'd)
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . 9-22
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Enhanced Technology Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Entry/Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51
Extender, Safety Belt . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . 6-2
F
Fan
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Fast Idle System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . 10-12
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . 6-3
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-64 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-66
FlexFuel
E85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41 Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-88
Fluid
Automatic Transmission . . . . . . 10-9
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Frequency Statement
Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Front Seats Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Front Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Front Turn Signal
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Economy Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Filling a Portable FuelContainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-43
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-42
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . 5-23
Requirements, California . . . . . 9-40
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . 10-74

Black plate (6,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
i-6 INDEX
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . 10-43
LampsDome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Exterior Lamps OffReminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Taillamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31
Lamps, Bulb Replacement . . . . 10-31
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
LATCH System Replacing Parts after a
Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
LATCH, Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Lighter, Cigarette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Lighting
Entry/Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Lights
Airbag On-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Antilock Brake System
(ABS) Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . 5-19
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . 6-2
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Safety Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . 5-14
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
StabiliTrak
®OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Traction Control System (TCS)/StabiliTrak
®. . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Locking Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
Locks
Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Cargo Door Relocking . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Locks (cont'd)
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . 5-23
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH
System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
M
Maintenance
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-14
Maintenance and Care Additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . 11-3 Recommended Fluidsand Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . 5-17
Manual Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Manual Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Black plate (8,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
i-8 INDEX
OutletsPower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Overheating, Engine . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Overview, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2, 7-4
P
ParkShifting Into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Shifting Out of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Brake and P (Park)Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . 10-27
Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . 9-21
Parking Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Perchlorate Materials Requirements, California . . . . . 10-2
Personalization Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Phone Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Power
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 Power (cont'd)
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 9-19
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Pregnancy, Using Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Program
Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 13-7
Proposition 65 Warning, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
R
Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Radio Frequency Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Radios AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Reading Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Rear Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25 Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
Rear Climate Control System . . . 8-5 Rear Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Rear Heating System . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Rear Vision Camera (RVC) . . . . 9-36
Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Recommended Fluids and
Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
Recording Vehicle Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Records
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-14
Recreational Vehicle Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78
Reimbursement Program, GM Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Remote Vehicle Start . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Replacement Parts Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13
Replacing Airbag System . . . . . . 3-27
Replacing LATCH System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

Black plate (11,1)Chevrolet Express Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7707481) - 2015 - CRC - 4/30/14
INDEX i-11
TractionControl System (TCS)/
StabiliTrak
®Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Traction Control/Electronic Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Trailer Tow Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47
Transmission Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Fluid, Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Transportation Program, Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Turn and Lane-Change Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
U
Uniform Tire QualityGrading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-61
Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
V
Vehicle Canadian Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
IdentificationNumber (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Personalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Reminder Messages . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Remote Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78
Vehicle Care Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50
Vehicle Data Recording . . . . . . . 13-14
Vehicle Diagnostics
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Ventilation, Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Voltmeter Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
W
Warning Brake System Light . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Warning Lights, Gauges, and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Cautions and Danger . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Hazard Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Wheels Alignment and Tire
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-62
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60
Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-63
When It Is Time for New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-58
Where to Put the Restraint . . . . 3-34
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Enhanced TechnologyGlass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Swing-out Windows . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Windshield Wiper/Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3