2016 AUDI TT ROADSTER heating

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Checking
and topping up fluids
... After fuelling, remove the funnel and close the
fuel tank flap so that it locks in place.
CD CAUTION
Remove any fuel spills from the paintwork im­
mediately.
Releasing the tank flap manually
The tank flap can be released manually if the
tank unlocking system should fail to operate.
Fig. 211 Luggage compartment: Cover in the right side
trim
... Open
the boot lid .
... Lift the floor panel.
... Release the ring from its holder and carefully
pull the ring ¢Fig. 211.
Emission control
systems
Catalytic converter
Applies to: vehicles with petrol engine
The vehicle must only be used with unleaded pet­
rol, otherwise the catalytic converter will be ir­
reparably damaged.
Never allow the fuel tank to run completely dry,
as the irregular supply of fuel can cause misfir­
ing. This allows unburnt fuel to enter the exhaust
system, which can cause overheating and dam­
age to the catalytic converter.
Diesel particulate filter
Applies to: vehicles with diesel engine
The diesel particulate filter can filter out almost
all soot particles contained in the exhaust gas. In
normal driving conditions the filter is self-clean-
244 ing.
Should the self-cleaning function of the filter
not be able to operate, e.g. when the vehicle is
continuously used only for short trips, the filter
becomes obstructed with soot and the symbol
C for the diesel particulate filter lights up
¢page 17.
A WARNING
The exhaust system is very hot when the vehi­
cle is being driven and after the engine has
been switched off.
- Never touch the tailpipes when they are hot
- risk of burns!
- Because of the high temperatures which can
occur in the emission control system, do not
park the vehicle where the exhaust can
come into contact with flammable materials
under the car (e.g. on grass or at the forest
edge) -risk of fire!
- Do not apply any underseal agents in the
area around the exhaust system -risk of
fire!
Engine compartment
Working on components in the engine
compartment
Extra caution is necessary when working on com­
ponents in the engine compartment.
Always be aware of the danger of injury and
scalding as well as the risk of accident or fire
when working in the engine compartment (e.g.
when checking and refilling fluids). Always ob­
serve the warnings listed below and follow all
normal safety precautions. The engine compart­
ment of any motor vehicle is a potentially haz­
ardous area ¢ A .
A WARNING
- Switch off the engine.
- Switch off the ignition.
- Apply the parking brake.
- Put the gear lever in neutral or selector in P.
- Wait for the engine to cool down.
- Keep children away from engine compart-
ment.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Checking
and topping up fluids
Any loss of coolant normally indicates a leak in
the cooling system. Drive to a qualified workshop
without delay and have the cooling system
checked. If there are no leaks in the system, a
loss of coolant can only occur if the coolant boils
and is forced out of the system as a result of
overheating.
A WARNING
- The cooling system is under pressure. Do
not unscrew the cap on the expansion tank
when the engine is hot: you could be scal­
ded by escaping steam.
- The coolant and coolant additive can be a
health hazard. Store the coolant additive in
the original container in a safe place out of
reach of children -risk of poisoning.
- When working in the engine compartment
be aware that the radiator fan may start
running suddenly, even if the ignition is
switched off- risk of injury!
CD CAUTION
Do not add coolant if the expansion tank is
empty. Air could have got into the cooling
system -risk of engine damage! In this case,
do NOT drive on. Obtain professional assis­
tance.
Brake fluid
&
8cm DOT 4 �
0
0
Fig. 218 Engine compartment: Cap of brake fluid reservoir
Please refer to the safety notes ¢ A in Working
on components in the engine compartment on
page 244.
250 Checking
brake fluid level
� Read off the brake fluid level on the brake fluid
reservoir ¢page 246, Fig. 214. The brake fluid
level must be between the MIN and MAX marks
¢_A.
The brake fluid level is also automatically moni­
tored.
Having brake fluid changed
Have the brake fluid changed regularly by a quali­
fied workshop.
A WARNING
- If the brake fluid level is under the MIN
mark, the effectiveness of the brakes and
therefore the safety of the vehicle may be
impaired -risk of accident! Do not drive on.
Obtain professional assistance.
- Heavy use of the brakes may cause a vapour
lock if old brake fluid is left in the system.
This would seriously impair the effective­
ness of the brakes and the safety of the car
- risk of accident!
CD CAUTION
- If the brake fluid level is above the MAX
mark, brake fluid may escape via the cap on
the reservoir in certain circumstances and
cause damage to the vehicle.
- Brake fluid must not be allowed to come in­
to contact with the vehicle's body, other­
wise it will attack the paintwork.
Battery General warnings for batteries
Because of the complexity of the power supply,
any battery work, such as disconnection, replace­
ment, etc. must be carried out by a qualified
workshop ¢ ,& .
The term "vehicle battery" refers to the 12 Volt
battery in your vehicle.
�

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Remove snow and ice from windows and
exterior mirrors with a plastic scraper on­
ly. To avoid scratches, the scraper should
only be pushed in one direction and not
moved to and fro.
- Never use warm or hot water to remove
snow and ice from windows and mirrors.
This could cause the glass to crack!
- To avoid damaging the heating element,
do not put stickers on the inner side of the
rear window.
- Ornamental trim/mouldings
- Do not use chrome cleaning agents.
- Paintwork
- The vehicle must be free of dirt and dust
before applying polish/wax -otherwise
the paintwork may be damaged.
- Do not polish/wax the vehicle in direct
sunlight -this can damage the paint!
- Do not attempt to polish out surface rust
deposits -this can damage the paint!
- Remove cosmetics and sun lotion immedi­
ately -otherwise the paintwork may be
damaged.
- Instrument cluster
- Before cleaning, ensure that the instru-
ment cluster is switched off and cool.
- The instrument cluster and the surround­
ing trim must not be cleaned with a dry
cloth -this can scratch the surfaces!
- Do not let any liquid get between the in­
strument cluster and the trim -risk of
damage!
- Control consoles
- Do not let any liquid get inside the control
consoles -risk of damage!
-Seat belts
- Do not remove the seat belts to clean
them.
- Do not use chemical cleaning agents, cor­
rosive liquids, solvents or sharp instru­
ments to clean the seat belts or their com­
ponents -this can damage the belt web­
bing!
- If you find any damage to the belt web­
bing, the belt fittings, the belt retractor or Care
of vehicle and cleaning
the buckle, have the belt in question re­
placed by a qualified workshop.
- Fabrics/leatherette/ Alcantara
- Do not use leather care products, sol-
vents, wax polish, shoe cream, stain re­
movers, or any similar products on leath­
erette/ Alcantara fabrics.
- To avoid damage, stubborn stains should
be removed by a qualified workshop.
- Never use steam cleaners, brushes, hard
sponges or similar utensils.
- Do not use the seat heating* to dry the
seats.
- Sharp-edged objects on clothing, such as
zip fasteners, rivets or belts, can also
damage the surface of the fabric.
- Please make sure you close any velcro fas­
teners, e.g. on your clothing, as these
could otherwise damage the upholstery.
- Natural leather
- Do not use solvents, wax polish, shoe
cream, stain removers, or any similar
products on leather fabrics.
- Sharp-edged objects on clothing, such as
zip fasteners, rivets or belts, can also
damage the surface of the fabric.
- Never use steam cleaners, brushes, hard
sponges or similar utensils.
- Do not use the seat heating* to dry the
seats.
- Avoid exposing leather to direct sunlight
for long periods, otherwise it may tend to
lose some of its colour. If the car is left for
a prolonged period in the bright sun, it is
best to cover the leather.
@ Note
- It is much easier to remove dead insects if
the car has been waxed recently.
- Regular waxing can help protect against
surface rust.
267

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Mobility
...
Connect one end of the black lead to the nega­
tive terminal @of the boosting battery@.
... Connect the other end of the black jump lead to
the negative terminal© of the jump-start con­
nection @ in your vehicle.
... Position
the jump leads in such a way that they
cannot come into contact with any moving
parts in the engine compartment.
Starting the engine
... Start
the engine of the vehicle with the boost­
ing battery and let it run at idling speed.
... Now start the engine of the vehicle with the
discharged battery.
... If the engine fails to start: do not operate the
starter for longer than 10 seconds. Wait for
about 30 seconds and try again .
... Switch on the blower and the rear window heat­
ing on the vehicle which has been jump-started
in order to offset excessive voltage which may
occur when disconnecting the leads. The head­
lights must be switched off!
... When
the engines are running, disconnect the
leads in exactly the opposite sequence to that
described on ¢page 277, Connecting and dis­
connecting the jump Leads. Make sure that the
leads cannot come into contact with any mov­
ing parts in the engine compartment.
... Close the cap on the positive terminal.
... Switch off the blower and the rear window
heating again.
A WARNING
- The non-insulated parts of the battery
clamps must not be allowed to touch. The
jump lead attached to the positive battery
terminal must not touch metal parts of the
vehicle: this can cause short circuits.
- Do not lean over batteries -risk of chemical
burns!
- The screw plugs on the battery cells must be
screwed in firmly.
- Keep sparks, flame and lit cigarettes away
from vehicle batteries: the gases given off
can cause an explosion.
- If jump-starting another vehicle, position
the jump leads in such a way that they can­
not come into contact with any moving
278 parts
in the engine compartment of the oth­
er vehicle .
CD CAUTION
Please note that the above method of con­
necting the leads is intended for jump-start­
ing your vehicle. If jump-starting another ve­
hicle, you should not connect the negative
Lead(-) to the negative terminal of the dis­
charged vehicle battery, but directly to the
engine block or a solid metal part bolted to
the engine block. If the battery of the other
vehicle does not have a gas vent, there is a
risk that a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen
gas can accumulate and cause an explosion.
@ Note
- The vehicle battery is vented to the outside
to prevent gases entering the vehicle's inte­
rior.
- Connect the battery clamps so they have
good metal-to-metal contact with the bat­
tery terminals.
Tow-starting / towing
away
General notes
Some experience is required to tow or tow-start a
vehicle, especially when using a tow-rope. Both
drivers should be familiar with the technique re­
quired for towing. Inexperienced drivers should
not attempt to tow-start or tow away another ve­
hicle.
Do not pull too hard with the towing vehicle and
take care to avoid jerking the tow-rope. When
towing off-road, there is always a risk that the
anchorage points may be overloaded.
Tow-bar I tow-rope
It is easier and safer to tow the vehicle with a
tow-bar. You should only use a tow-rope if you do
not have a tow-bar. It is advisable to use a tow­
rope made of elastic synthetic fibre or similarly
elastic material.
�

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 0
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WARNING
Never attempt to repair a fuse or replace a
blown fuse by fitting a fuse with a higher am­
pere rating. This could damage the electrical
system -risk of fire!
CD CAUTION
If a newly replaced fuse blows again after a
short time, the electrical system must be
checked by a qualified workshop as soon as
possible.
@ Note
- Unassigned fuse locations are not shown in
the tables below.
- Some of the items of equipment listed in
the tables below are only fitted on certain
models or are optional extras.
Fuses in vehicle interior
Fig. 249 Interior: Fuse layout
No. 1
Electrical equipment
Fl Control unit for soft top (Roadster)
F2 Control unit for soft top (Roadster)
F4 Central computer (MIB-2) No.
FS
F6
F7
F8 F9
FlO
Fll
F12
F13
F14
FlS
F16
F17
F18
F19
F20
F22
F23
F25
F26
F28
F29
F31
F32
F33
F34
F35
F36 Fuses
and bulbs
Electrical equipment
Gateway
Selector lever (for automatic gearbox)
Air conditioner console, relay coil for rear
window heating, tyre pressure monitoring
Switch for electro-mechanical parking
brake, light switch, rain/light sensor, inte-
rior lighting, anti-theft alarm system, di-
agnostic connector
Steering column switch module
Display
Haldex coupling
Infotainment components
Control unit for suspension control
Air conditioner blower
Electric steering column lock
Infotainment components, belt micro-
phone (Roadster)
Instrument cluster
Reversing camera
Control unit for convenience access
Electric lumbar support adjuster
Neck heating, passenger's side (Roadster)
Control unit for vehicle electrical system
(right side)
Door, driver's side (e.g. electric windows)
Seat heating
Media socket for AMI High
Control unit for vehicle electrical system
Control unit for vehicle electrical system
(left side)
Driver assistance systems
Airbag
Electrical socket relay, interior sound, re-
versing light switch, temperature sensor,
oil level sensor
Diagnostics, headlight range control, air
quality sensor, automatic anti-dazzle mir-
rors
Cornering light (right side)/ LED headlight
(right side)
283

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Fuses
and bulbs
No. Electrical
equipment
F37 Cornering
light (left side) / LED headlight
(left side)
F38 Engine control unit, ESC control unit
F39 Door,
passenger's side (e.g. electric win-
dows)
F40 Cigarette lighter, electrical sockets
F41 SCR relay and delivery unit
F42 Central locking system
F43 On-board computer
F45 Electrically adjustable seat (driver's side)
F46 Neck heating, driver's side (Roadster)
F49 Starter, clutch sensor
F53 Rear window heating
The seats with electric adjustment* are protected
by circuit breakers. These reset automatically af­
ter a few seconds when the overload has been
corrected.
Fuses on left side of engine compartment
Fig. 250 Engine compartment: Fuse layout
No. Electrical
equipment
Fl ESC control unit
F2 ESC control unit
284 M
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ID No.
Electrical
equipment
F3 Engine control unit
Engine components, engine cooling, sup-
F4 plementary
heater relay coils (1+2), secon-
dary air pump relay
FS Engine components, tank system
F6 Brake light sensor
F7 Engine components
F8 Lambda probe
F9 Engine components,
exhaust flap, control
unit for automatic glow period
FlO Fuel injectors, fuel control unit
Fll Supplementary heater heating rod 2
F12 Supplementary heater heating rod 3
F13 Automatic gearbox control unit
F14 Ignition coils (5-cyl.)
FlS Horn
F16 Ignition coil
F17 ESC control unit, engine control unit
F18 Terminal 30 (reference voltage)
F19 Windscreen wipers
F20 Horn
F22 Terminal 50, diagnostics
F23 Starter
F24 Supplementary heater heating rod 1
F31 Engine components (5-cyl.)
F32 LED headlights
F33 Gearbox oil pump
Bulbs Note
Your vehicle is fitted with maintenance-free
headlights and rear lights. If a bulb does need to
be changed, however, please contact an Audi
dealer or qualified workshop.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Index
Numbers and
Symbols
360 °
display
A 104
A/C (air conditioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62
ABS see Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
Accelerator pedal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
226
Accessories 285
Active lane assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Cleaning area around camera . . . . . . . . . . 264
Driver messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
Indicator lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
Setting steering vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Setting time of warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Switching on/off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Adaptive light (indicator lamp) . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Additional phone ................. 143,214
Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
235
Deactivating passenger's airbag . . . . . . . .
237
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
236
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
239
Warning lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Air conditioner (automatic)
Adjusting air outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 63
Air distribution, air outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Air recirculation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
AUTO (automatic mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
Defrosting windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
Drive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Rear window heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
Selecting temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62
Air conditioner (manual)
Adjusting air outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 63
Adjusting temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Air distribution,
air outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
Air recirculation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
Defrosting windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
Rear window heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Air distribution, setting (air conditioner) 61, 62
Air outlets, adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
290 Air
recirculation mode (air conditioner)
Alarm system 61,63
see Anti-theft alarm system . . . . . . . . . 27, 32
All-season tyres
see All-weather tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
257
All-weather lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
All-weather tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Alterations to the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
285
Alternative routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Alternator (warning lamp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
AMI see Audi music interface .......... 197,
198
Android Auto
see Audi smartphone interface . . . . . . . . .
210
Announcements (traffic programme) . . . . .
218
Anti-dazzle exterior mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Anti-dazzle interior mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Anti-freeze Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Windscreen washer system . . . . . . . . . . . .
252
Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113
Anti-theft alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Anti-theft wheel bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Apple CarPlay
see Audi smartphone interface . . . . . . . . . 210
Armrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
ASR see Traction control system .......... .
Audi connect ........................ .
Data connection .................... .
Data protection .................... . 113
159
166
168
Personal hotspot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Services (overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Audi magnetic ride
see Suspension control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
Audi music interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
197
Audi music stream
see Wi-Fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
195
Audio files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Audio player
Bluetooth audio player
194
Audio players
Wi-Fi audio players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
195
Audio track 203

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holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
D
Data connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
166
Data protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
Daytime running lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Deactivating passenger's airbag . . . . . . . . . 237
Defrosting windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 63
DEF (instrument cluster) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Deluxe automatic air conditioner
see Air conditioner (automatic) . . . . . . . . . . 62
Diagnostic connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Diesel Diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Draining fuel filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Fuel............................... 241
Indicator lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Preheating (glow plugs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
Digital compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
Dimensions Vehicle dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
Dipped headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Directional tread (tyres) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Directory see Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153
Display see Audi virtual cockpit (instrument
cluster) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21, 23
Distance covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Doors Locking doors manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Door safelock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Downhill speed control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
Draining fuel filter (diesel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Driver information system . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 23
Driver messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
On-board computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Outside temperature display. . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Service interval display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Warning and indicator lamps . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Drives see Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,
200
Drive select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Driving on left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Index
Driving on right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Driving on right/left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Driving through water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
Driving time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Dust filter
see Pollution filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
DVD drive (media drives) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Dynamic volume control
see System volume .................. 217
E
E-mail
ElO 151
see Ethanol (fuel) .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
241
Economical driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Economical route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
EDL see Electronic differential lock . . . . . . . . . 113
Electrical socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
Electric seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
Electric windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Convenience open/close . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Electro-mechanical parking brake . . . . . . . . . 74
Electro-mechanical power steering . . . . . . .
116
Indicator lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Electronic differential lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Electronic immobiliser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Electronic stabilisation control (ESC) . . . . . 113
Indicator lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Multicollision brake assist system . . . . . . 113
Sport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Emergency braking function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Emergency call, making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Emergency key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 28
Emission control systems
Catalytic converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
244
Diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
244
Emission control system (indicator lamp) . . . 17
Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Engine Coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Jump-starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
277
Letting engine warm up/cool down . . . . . . 66
Power output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Preheating (glow plugs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
293