2016 AUDI A3 lights

,....,
N
0 > co ,...., & WARNING
-Only wash the vehicle when the ignition is
off and follow the instructions from the car
wash operator to reduce the risk of acci­
dents.
- To reduce the risk of cuts, protect yourself
from sharp metal components when wash­
ing the underbody or the inside of the wheel
housings.
-After washing the vehicle, the brak ing effect
may be delayed due to mo isture on the
brake rotors or ice in the w inter . The brakes
must be dried first w ith a few careful brake
applica tions .
{[) Note
-If you wash t he vehicle in an automatic car
wash, yo u m ust fold the e xterior m irrors i n
to reduce the risk of damage to the mi rrors.
Power folding exte rior m irrors* must o nly
b e fo lded in a nd out usin g the power folding
f u nct io n.
-
Ca re and cleaning
- To prevent pa int damage, do not wash the
vehicle in direct s un light .
- To re duce the risk of damage to the surface,
do not use insect removing sponges, kitche n
sponges o r similar items .
- Matte finish painted veh icle components:
- To reduce the r isk of damage to the sur-
face, do not use po lish ing agents or hard
wax.
- Never use protective wax. It can destroy
the matte finish effect .
- Do not place any stickers or magnetic
signs on vehicle parts painted with matte
finish paint . The paint cou ld be damaged
when the stickers or magne ts are re ­
moved.
@ For the sake of the environment
Only wash t he veh icle in facili ties s pec ially de­
s igned for that pu rpose . This will reduce the
r isk of dirty wate r contamina ted with o il from
ente ring the sewe r sys tem.
Cleaning and care information
W hen clea ning and ca ring for individua l vehicle
comp onents, refer to the following t ables. The
inf ormat ion cont ained there is s imp ly recom ­
mendations. For q uest ions or for components t
h at are not l isted, cons ult an autho riz ed Aud i
de aler or author ized A udi Se rvice Fa cility. Also
f o llow the information fo und in ~ .&. .
Ext erior cleaning
Component Situation Solution
Windshield wiper
D eposits ~ page 53, Cleaning windshield wiper blades
blades
Headlights /
Deposits So
ft spo nge with a m ild soap solutiona)
Tail lights
Sensors /
Deposits Sensors: soft cloth w ith solvent-free cleaning solution
camera lenses Camera lenses: soft cloth w ith alcohol-free cleaning solu-
tion
Snow/ice Hand br
ush/solven t-free de -icing spray
Wheels Road salt Water
Brake dust Acid-free special clean
ing so lution
Exhaust tail p ipes Road salt Water, clea ning so lu tion su itab le for s tainless stee l, if nee-
essary
Decorati ve parts / Deposits Mild soap so lution a>, a cleaning solution su itable for stain-
Trim less stee l, if necessary
275
...

,..,
N
0 > co ,.., Care and cleaning
Component Situation Solution
T ex til es
Deposits adhering to Vacuum cleaner
art ificial l eather, the surface
A lcan tara Water-based deposits Absorbent
cloth and mild soap solutiona>
such as coffee, tea,
b lood, etc.
Oil -based deposits Apply a m ild soap solution
a), blot away the dissolved o il or
such as oil, make-up, dye, treat afterward with water, if necessary
etc.
Special deposits such Special stain
remover, blot with absorbent material, treat
as ink, nail polish, la- afterward with mild soap solution, if necessary
a)
tex paint, shoe pol-
ish, etc.
Natu ral le ath er Fresh stains Wool cloth with a mild soap solution a)
Water-based deposits Fresh stains: absorbent cloth
such as coffee, tea, Dried stains : stain
remover suitable fo r leather
b lood , etc.
Oi [-based deposits Fresh stains: absorbent cloth and stain
remover suitable
such as oil, make-up, for leather
etc. Dried stains : grease dissolving spray
Special deposits such Spot remove r suitab le for leather
as ink, nai l polish, la-
tex paint, shoe pol-
ish, etc.
Care Regularly apply condit ion ing c ream that protects from
lig ht and penet rates into the material. Use specia lly-co l-
ored conditioning cream, if necessary .
Carbon part s Deposits clean the same way as plast ic parts
a) Mi ld soap solution: maximum two tablespoons of neutral soap in 1 q uart (1 liter) of water
.8, WARNING
The windshield may not be trea ted with wa­
ter-repelling windshield coating agents. Un ­
favorable cond itions such as wetness, dark­
ness, or low sun can result in increased glare.
Wiper blade chatter is also possible.
A WARNING
- Audi e -tron charg ing sy stem *
- Never immerse the charging system and
connectors in water.
- The charging system m ust only be cleaned
when the control unit is completely d is­
connected from the powe r su pply system
and from the vehicle.
-
({I) Note
- Hea dlight s/tail lights
- Never clean headlights or tail lights w ith a
d ry cloth or sponge.
- Do not use any cle aning product that con­
tains alcoho l, because they could ca use
cracks to form.
-Whe els
- Never use any pa int polish or other abra-
sive materials.
- Damage to the protect ive layer on the
rims such as stone chips or scratches must
be repaired immediately .
-Sensor s/came ra le nses Ill-
277

Fuses and bulbs
-Some of the equipment listed in the follow­
ing tables applies only to certain mode l ver­
sions or certain optional equ ipment.
Interior fuse assignment
F ig. 226 Vehicle interior: fuse assignment
No. Equipment
Fl Engine components
F2 Seat adjustment
F3 Hydraulic pump
cover (Cabriolet)
F4 MMI control panel, MMI components
FS Gateway
F6 Selector lever (automatic transmiss
ion)
.... ~ N 0
> a) cc
F7 Climate/heating cont
rol, auxiliary heating,
rear window defogger relay
Diagnosis, electromechanical parking
brake switch, light switch , rain and light
F8 sensor, interior lighting commun ication
box (Plug-in hybrid drive*) ant i-theft alarm
system
F9 Steering column switch module
FlO Display
Fll Reversible driver's side safety belt tension-
ers
Fl2 MMI area
292
No.
Fl3
Fl4
FlS
Fl6
Fl7
Fl8
Fl9
F20
F23
F24
F25
F26
F27
F28
F29 F31
F32
F33
F34
F35
F36
F37
F38
F39
F40
F41
F42
Equipment
Adaptive dampers control module/ service plug (Plug-in hybrid dr ive")
Climate control system blower Electronic steering column lock
MMI area
Instrument cluster
Rearview camera
Convince key system control module, tank
system
Tank system Exterior lighting, heated washer fluid noz-
zles
Panorama sunroof/ power top control
module, power top latch (Cabriolet)
Door/dr iver's side doors (for example pow-
er windows)
Seat heating
Sound-amplifier
Power top control module, electro nics
(Cabriolet)
Interior lights
Exterior lighting
Driver assistance systems
A irbag
Button illumination, coils for upper cabin
heating relay (Cabriolet) and socket relay,
interior sound, reversing light switch, tern-
perature sensor
Function lighting, diagnosis, headlight
range control system, air quality sensor,
automat ic dimming rearv iew mirror
Right corneri ng light/ r ight LED-headlight
Left cornering light/ left LED-headlight
High-voltage battery (Plug- in hybrid
drive*)
Door/front passenger's side doors (for ex-
ample, power windows)
Sockets
Reversib le front passenger's side safety
belt tensioners
Central locking components, windshield
washer system

.... N
0 > CX)
rl I.Cl U"I
rl I.Cl ....
No. Equipment
F43 Headlights, lighting
F44 all whee l drive
F47 Rear window wiper
F48 Outer noise amplifier
(Plug-in hybrid
drive*)
Starter, clutch sensor, headlight relay coil,
F49 high-voltage battery (Plug-in hybr id
drive*)
F53 Rear window
defogger
The power seats* are protected via
circuit break­
ers
that automatically switch on after a few sec­
onds after the overload has been reduced.
(D Tips
Note that the following table was accurate at
the time of printing and is subject to change.
Left engine compartment fuse assignment
Fig. 227 Engine compartment: fuse assignment
No. Equipment
Fl ESC control module
F2 ESC control module
F3 Engine control module (gasoline/d iesel)
M ,-..
0
> co ID
Fuses and bulbs
No. Equipment
Engine cooling, engine components, auxili-
F4 ary heater coil relay (1+2), secondary a ir
injection pump relay
FS Engine components, tank system
F6 Brake light sensor
F7 Engine components,
water pumps
F8 Oxygen sensor
F9 Engine
components, exhaust door, glow
time control module, SULEV va lve
FlO Fuel injectors, fuel control modu le
Fll Auxiliary heater heating element 2
F l2 Auxiliary heater heating element 3
Fl3 Automatic transmission control module
FlS Horn
Fl6 Ignition coil/
power electronics (Plug-in
hybrid drive*)
Fl7 ESC control
module, eng ine control mod -
ule
Fl8 Terminal 30 (reference voltage)
F l9 Windshield wipers
F20 Horn
F22 Termina l 50 diagnosis
F23 Starter
F 24 Auxiliary heater heating element 1,
brake
booster (Plug-in hybrid drive*)
F31 Vacuum
pump/water pump (Plug-in hybrid
drive*)
F32 LED
headlights
F33 Brake booster
memory (Plug-in hybrid
drive*)
F 34 Brake
booster control (Plug -in hybrid
drive*)
F 35 Relay (Plug-in hybrid drive*)
@ Tips
Note
that the fo llowing tab le was accurate at
the time of printing and is subject to change.
293

Fuses a nd bul bs
Bulbs
Replacing light bulbs
For your safety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dealer replace burned out
bulbs for you.
It is becoming increasingly more and more diffi­
cult to replace vehicle light bulbs since in many
cases, other parts of the car must first be re­
moved before you are able to get to the bu lb .
This applies espec ially to the light bulbs in the
front of your car wh ich you can only reach
through the engine compartment .
Sheet metal and bulb holders can have sharp
edges that can cause ser ious cuts, and parts
m ust be correctly taken apa rt and then p roperly
put back together to help prevent breakage of
parts and long term damage from water that can
enter housings that have not been properly re­
sealed.
For your safety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dealer replace any bu lbs for
you, since your dealer has the proper tools, the correct bulbs and the expertise.
G as di sc harg e l am ps (Xe non li ghts):
Due to the high electrical voltage, have the bulbs
replaced by a qua lified technic ian . Headlights
with Xenon light can be identified by the high­
voltage sticker.
LED headlights* require no maintenance. Please
contact your authorized Aud i dealer if a bulb
needs to be replaced.
A WARNING
Contact w ith high-voltage components of the
electrical system and improper rep lacement
of gas discharge (Xenon) headlight bulbs can
cause serious personal injury and death.
- Xenon bulbs are pressurized and can ex­
plode when being changed.
- Changing Xenon lamps requires the special training, instructions and equipment.
- Only an a uthorized Audi dea ler or other
qualified workshop should change the bulbs
in gas discharge lamps .
294
A WARNING
-
There are parts with sharp edges on the open-
ings and on the bulb holders that can cause
serious cuts.
- If you are uncertain about what to do, have
the work performed by an authorized Audi
dealer or other qualified workshop. Ser ious
pe rsonal injury may resu lt from improperly
pe rformed wor k.
@ Tips
- If you still prefer to replace the light bulbs
yourself, be aware that the engine compart­ ment is a hazardous area to work in
9 page 2369 .&.
-It is best to ask your authorized Audi dealer
whenever you need to change a bulb.

,....,
N
0 > co ,...., 9. In the veh icle that is being jump started,
switch the heater fan and rear window de­
froster on to reduce any voltage peaks that
may occur when disconnecting the jumper
cab les. The he adlights must be switched off.
10 . With the engines running, remove the cables
i n
reverse order of the way they were instal­
l ed . Make sure the cables do not get caught
in mov ing engine components.
11. Sw itch the heater fan and rear w indow de-
froster off.
12. Close the battery cover .
The battery is vented to the o utside so that not
gases enter the passenger compartment. Make
sure that the connected positive terminal clamps
on the jump start cab le have sufficient contact
with m etal.
.&_ WARNING
Follow the warnings and instructions from
the jump start cable manufacturer to reduce
the risk of serious injuries and vehicle dam­
age. If you are unsure about anything, call
roads ide assistance.
- The jump start cables must be long enough
so that the veh icles do not touch .
-
-Route the jump start cables so they cannot
get caught in the moving parts in the engine
compartment .
- Always read and follow the warnings before
check ing anything in the engine compart­
me nt ¢
page 236.
Connecting jump start cables incorrectly can
destroy the alternator .
- Always connect the positive terminal(+) to
the positive term inal( +) and the negative
term inal(-) to the negat ive termi nal( -) on
the body ground po int, but not the negative
te rminal on t he battery.
- Make sure the screw plugs on the battery
ce lls are installed securely .
If not, tighten
the p lugs before connecting the clamps to
the negat ive termina l on the battery.
- Please note that the connecting p rocess de­
scribed below for the j ump start cables is in-
Emergency s ituatio ns
tended for when your vehicle is be ing j ump
started.
If you are jump starting another ve­
hicle, do not connect the negat ive cab le to
the negative term inal( -) on the dra ined
battery, but rather connect it to a large
metal component that is bolted secure ly to
the engine block, or to the engi ne b lock it­
self . If the batte ry in the veh icle being jump
s tarted is not ven ted to the outside, there is
a risk of explos ion due to hyd rogen gas .
- Make sure that the connected pos itive ter­
m inal clamps have suff ic ien t conta ct with
metal.
- Do not use the battery negative terminal for
jump starting or a m alfunction co ul d o ccur
in the vehicle e lectrica l system.
Towing with a tow truck
General hints
Your Audi requires special handling for towing.
T he following information is to be used by com ­
mercial tow truck operators who know how to op­
e rate th eir equipment safely.
- Ne ver tow your Audi. Towing will caus e dam­
age to the engine and tr ansmi ssion.
- Neve r wrap th e safety ch ains or win ch c able s
a round the brake lin es.
- To pr event unn ecess ary damag e, your Audi
must be tran sport ed with a flat bed tru ck.
- To load th e ve hicl e on to the flat bed, use the
towin g loop found in the v ehicle tools and at ­
t ac h t o the front o r rea r anchorage
¢ page 298 and ¢ page 298 .
.&_ WARNING ~
A vehicle being towed is not safe for passen-
gers. Never allow anyone to ride in a vehicle
being towed, for any reason.
297

Index
A
A/C
refer to Climate control system (automatic) .7.2
r e fer to Climate control system (manual) . 71
A/C (automat ic climate control system) . . . . 72
A/C (manual climate control system) . . . . . . 71
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 308
Active lane assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Activating vibrat ion warn ing . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Adjusting steering t ime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Clean ing the camera area . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Driver messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
switching on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Adapt ive cruise control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Cleaning the sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Driver messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Request for driver intervention . . . . . . . . . 138
Stop-and-go traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Adaptive dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adapt ive light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 148
I ndicator l ight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
AdBlue .... .. .. ................... ... 234
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Adjusting air distribution (Climate contro l sys-
tem) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Adjusting air vents .. ... ........ .. .. .. .. 74
Adjusting air vents (manual climate control
system) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Adjusting automatic headlights . . . . . . . . . . 48
Adjusting the center console lighting . . . . . . 50
Adjusting the temperature manual climate control system . . . . . . . . . . 71
advanced key
refer to Convenience key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
A irbag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
I ndicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Advanced Airbag-System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Advanced Airbag System components . . . 191
Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Ch ildr en . .. .. ............... .... ... 211
Ch ild restraints ... .............. .... 211
310
Components (front airbags) . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Danger of fitting a chi ld seat on the front
passenger seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 189
How do the front airbags work? . . . . . . . . 194
How many airbags does my vehicle have? 191
How the Advanced Airbag System compo-
nents work together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Important informat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Important safety instructions on the knee
airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Kne e airbags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF light . . . . . . . . . 196
Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Safety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
S id e curtain airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Warning/Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
When must the system be inspected? . . . 196
Air transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Alarm system
refer to Anti-theft alarm system . . . . . . . . . 35
Al ignmen t pin (tire chang ing) . . . . . . . . . . . 280
All-weather lights (LED headlights) . . . . . . . 46
All season tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
All wheel drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Alternator
refer to Alternator (indicator light) . . . . . . 20
Alternator (indicator light) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ambient lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Anti-freeze Windshield washer system . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Sl
also refer to Engine coolant . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Anti- lock b raking system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Ant i-slip regulat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Anti -theft alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Anti-theft protection Electronic immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Audi active lane assist
refer to Active lane ass ist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Audi adaptive cruise control
refer to Adaptive cruise control . . . . . . . . 132

,....,
N
0 > co ,...., Audi adaptive light
refer to Adaptive light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Aud i connect e-tron services ..... .. .... .
Charg ing . .. .. .. ........... .. .. .... .
Climate control ...... .
..... .. .. .... .
Doors and lights .................... .
Vehicle data
. . ................ ..... .
Vehicle position ................ .... .
Vehicle status
. ............... .. .... .
Aud i drive select
refer to Drive select ............ ..... .
Audi Service Repair Manuals and Literature
Audi side assist
refer to Side assist .......... .. .. .. .. .
AUTO
124
125
126
124
124
125 125
148
306
145
Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . 72
Automatic headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Auto Lock (central locking system) . . . . . . . . 36
Automatic belt retractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Automatic climate control system
refer to Climate control system (automatic) .7.2
Automatic headlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Automatic post-collision braking system . . 159
Automatic transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Driving tips ... ................ ..... .. 91
Emergency mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Hill descent contro l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ignition key safety interlock . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Kick-down · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . .... .. 94
Launch Control -Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Selector lever emergency re lease . . . . . . . . 96
Selector lever lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Selector lever positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Shifting manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Steering whee l with shift paddles. . . . . . . . 94
S tronic · . .. .. ................ ..... .. 89
tiptronic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Automatic wipe/wash system . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Auto Safety Hotline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4
Auxiliary climate control 122
Auxiliary heater (vehicles w ith diesel eng ines) .7.5
Auxiliary heating/ air conditioning . . . . . . . 122
Average consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Average speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Index
B
Bag hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Charge level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 121, 249
Energy management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Important warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Jump starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Location · · .... .. .. ............... .. 248
Replacing the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Win ter operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Working on the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Belt tensioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Blended gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
B lower
automatic Climate control system . . . . . . . 73
Manual climate control system........ .. 71
Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Booster seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Boost pressure indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Brake fluid Chang ing the brake flu id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Checking the brake fluid level . . . . . . . . . . 246
Brakes · · · · · .. .. .. .. 161
....... ........ ..
Brake ass ist system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Brake booster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
New brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Brake system Brake fluid 246
Brake fluid specificat ions for refill and re­
placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Fluid reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Worn brake pads symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Braking Emergency braking function . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Parking brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Starting on inclines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Break-in period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Breaking in New tires 260
Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
311