2015 Seat Mii traction control

The essentials
Windscreen wipers and window wiper
b l
a
de Fig. 32
Operating the windscreen wiper and
r e
ar w

iper
More the lever to the required position:
0 Windscreen wiper off.
1
Windscreen interval wipe.
2
Slow wipe.
3
Continuous wipe.
4
Brief wipe - short wipe. Hold the lever
down for more time to increase the wipe
frequency.
5
Automatic wipe for cleaning wind-
screens with the lever up.
6
Interval wipe for rear window. The wiper
will wipe the window approximately ev-
ery six seconds.
More the lever to the required position:
7 Automatic wipe for cleaning rear win-
dows with the lever pressed.

›››
page 106
››› page 44 SEAT information system
Intr oduction With the ignition switched on it is possible to
ac
c
e

ss different messages via the display on
the instrument panel display.
The number of messages displayed on the in-
strument panel display will vary according to
the vehicle electronics and equipment.
A specialised workshop will be able to pro-
gramme or modify additional functions, ac-
cording to the vehicle equipment. SEAT rec-
ommends taking your car in for technical
service. WARNING
Any distraction may lead to an accident, with
the risk of

injury. ●
Do not c on

sult the messages on the instru-
ment panel screen when driving. Note
On the screen of the SEAT Portable System
(s up p

lied by SEAT) ›››
 page 164 other
functions of the vehicle can be seen. Management of indications on the
dis
p

lay Fig. 33
Windscreen wiper lever: control but-
t on
s. Calling up options
● Switch the ignition on.
● If a message or vehicle symbol is dis-
p l
a

yed, press OK/RESET (
››
› Fig. 33 A ).
● Press the top or bottom part of the rocker
sw it
c

h ››› Fig. 33 B until the desired option
ap pe
ar
s. 23

The essentialsSymbolMeaning
››› See 
lights up or flashes:
 Do not
continue driving!
Fault in the steering.››› page
128 
On the instrument panel: driver
or passenger has not fastened
seat belt.
›››
page
51 
Instrument panel display: a pas-
senger in the rear seats has fas-
tened their seat belt.

A passenger in the rear seats
has not fastened their seat belt.›››
page
51 
Faulty generator.›››
page
193
Vehicles with the Start-Stop sys-
tem: it is necessary to start the
engine manually.››› page
156 
flashes in addition to the rest of
the segments of the fuel gauge:
Fuel tank almost empty.›››
page
180
SymbolMeaning ››› See 
flashes quickly:
the City Safety
Assist system function* brakes
automatically or has braked au-
tomatically. Or:
flashes slowly: City Safety Assist
function is not currently availa-
ble.
››› page
152  
The City Safety Assist* function
has been connected manually. It
switches off after 5 seconds.
 
flashes: The City Safety Assist*
function has been manually dis-
connected.


after the ignition is switched on:
indication that the end of the
period for an inspection to be
performed is approaching.››› page
86 
it lights up:
ESC* faulty or
switched off by the system. AL-
TERNATIVELY:
flashes: ESC* or ASR regulating.
››› page
132 it lights up:
Traction Control*
faulty or switched off by the sys-
tem. ALTERNATIVELY:
flashes: Traction Control* regu-
lator operating. 
ABS faulty or does not work.

Rear fog light switched on.›››
page
101
SymbolMeaning ››› See 
lights up or flashes:
fault in cat-
alytic converter.››› page
145 
Fault in engine management.

lights up or flashes:
fault in the
steering system.››› page
128 
Fuel tank almost empty.›››
page
180 
Fault in airbag system and seat
belt tensioners.›››
page
58 
it lights up:
the Start-Stop sys-
tem is enabled. ALTERNATIVELY:
flashes: the Start-Stop system is
not available.
››› page
156 
The Start-Stop system is ena-
bled but the engine cannot be
automatically stopped.

Tyre pressure* too low›››
page
203 
Left or right turn signal.›››
page
101
Hazard warning lights on.››› page
69 
Cruise control operating.›››
page
151 
Main beam on or flasher on.›››
page
101 
The natural gas engine coolant
temperature is too low.
26

Operation
CAUTION
If the engine has been driven at high speed
for a pr o
longed period of time, it may over-
heat when turned off. To avoid engine dam-
age, allow the engine to run for approximate-
ly 2 minutes in neutral before switching it off. Note
After stopping the engine, the engine com-
par tment

fan may continue running for a few
minutes, even when the ignition has been
switched off or the key removed. The radiator
fan is automatically switched off. Electronic immobiliser
The gear lock prevents the engine from being
s
t
ar

ted with an unauthorised key and the ve-
hicle being moved.
The vehicle key has a built-in chip. It auto-
matically deactivates the electronic immobil-
iser when the key is inserted into the ignition
lock.
The electronic immobilizer will be activated
again automatically as soon as you remove
the key from the ignition lock.
For this reason, the vehicle can only be used
with a genuine SEAT key with the correct
code. Coded keys can be obtained from SEAT
dealerships ›››
page 90. If an unauthorised key is used, the signal

appe
ars on the instrument panel display. The
vehicle cannot be started in this case Note
The correct operation of the vehicle is only
guarant eed when origin

al SEAT keys are
used. Braking and parking
Introduction The a
ssisted brake systems are the electron-
ic di

stribution of braking force (EBV), the an-
ti-lock brake system (ABS), the brake assist
system (BAS), the electronic differential lock
(EDL), traction control (TC)*, the traction con-
trol system (ASR) and the electronic stability
control (ESC*). WARNING
Driving with worn brake pads or a faulty
brak e sy

stem may lead to serious accident.
● If you believe the brake pads to be worn or
the brake sy
stem to be faulty, immediately
refer to a specialised workshop to check the
brake pads and replace the worn ones. WARNING
Careless parking can cause serious injury. ●
Never r emo

ve the key from the ignition if
the vehicle is in motion. The steering lock
may engage and lock the steering wheel mak-
ing the vehicle impossible to control.
● Always park your vehicle so that no part of
the exhau
st system can come in contact with
flammable materials (such as wood, leaves,
dried grass, spilled fuel, etc.).
● Always apply the handbrake when you
leav
e your vehicle and when you park.
● Never leave children or disabled people
alone in the v
ehicle. They could release the
electronic parking brake, activate the selec-
tor lever or gear stick and start the vehicle
moving. This could result in a serious acci-
dent.
● Always take all the keys with you whenever
you le
ave the vehicle. The engine could acci-
dentally be started and electrical equipment
such as the windows could accidentally be
operated resulting in serious injury.
● Never leave children or disabled people
alone in the car
. They could be trapped in the
car in an emergency and will not be able to
get themselves to safety. For example, de-
pending on the time of the year, tempera-
tures inside a locked and closed vehicle can
be extremely high or extremely low resulting
in serious injuries and illness or even death,
particularly for young children. 132

Driving
CAUTION
● Spec i
al care should be taken when parking
in areas with high kerbs or fixed barriers.
Objects protruding from the ground may
damage the bumper or other parts of the ve-
hicle during manoeuvres. To avoid damage,
stop before the wheels touch the barrier or
kerb.
● Special attention is required when driving
through entranc
es, over ramps, kerbs or oth-
er objects. The vehicle underbody, bumpers,
mudguards and running gear, and the engine
and exhaust system could be damaged as
you drive over these objects. Control and warning lamps

It lights up
›››
Handbrake applied.››› page 134. 
It lights up
›››
Fault in the brake
system  Do not drive on!
Seek professional advice
››› page 135.
Brake fluid level in-
adequate.  Do not drive on!
Check brake fluid level
››› page 192.
Together with the
ABS control lamp
: ABS and EBV do
not function. 
Do not drive on!
Seek professional advice
››› page 135. 
It lights up
›››
ESC* disconnected
by system.Switching the ignition on and off
If necessary, drive for a short dis-
tance.
Fault in ESC*.Contact a specialised workshop.
Together with the
ABS control lamp
: Fault in the ABS.
Contact a specialised workshop.
The vehicle can be braked with-
out ABS.
The battery has
been reconnected.››› page 193. 
It lights up
›››
Traction Control*
faulty or switched
off by the system.Contact a specialised workshop. 
It lights up
›››
Together with the
ESC* control lamp
: Fault in the ABS.
Contact a specialised workshop.
The vehicle can be braked with-
out ABS.
Together with the
warning lamp :
ABS and EBV do not
function.  Do not drive on!
Seek professional advice
››› page 135. 
Flashes
ESC* or ASR regulat-
ing.Take your foot off the accelera-
tor. Adjust your driving style to
the road conditions. 
Flashes
Traction Control*
regulator operating.Take your foot off the accelera-
tor. Adjust your driving style to
the road conditions. Several warning and indication lamps light
up for a f
ew sec

onds when the ignition is
switched on, signalling that the function is
being verified. They will switch off after a few
seconds. WARNING
If the warning lamps are ignored, the vehicle
ma y

stall in traffic, or may cause accidents
and severe injuries.
● Never ignore the warning lamps.
● Stop the vehicle safely as soon as possible. WARNING
Driving with brakes in bad condition could re-
su lt

in a serious accident.
● If the brake warning lamp  does not
go
out, or if it lights up when driving, the brake
fluid level in the reservoir is too low or there
is a fault in the brake system. Obtain profes-
sional assistance immediately ››› page 191,
Checking the brake fluid level.
● If the brake warning lamp  lights up t
o-
gether with the ABS warning lamp , the
regulation function of the ABS could be mal-
functioning. As a result, the rear wheels can
lock relatively easily when braking. If the rear » 133
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Driving
Changing gear Intr oduction When reverse gear is engaged and the igni-
tion is
sw
itched on the following takes place:
● Reverse lights light up.
● The rear wiper blade performs one move-
ment when the wind
screen wiper is activa-
ted.
● If necessary, connect the parking distance
warning sy
stem. WARNING
Rapid acceleration can cause loss of traction
and skid din

g, especially on slippery ground.
This could cause loss of control of the vehicle
resulting in an accident and considerable
damage.
● Use rapid acceleration only when visibility,
weather
, road conditions and traffic permit. WARNING
Do not allow the brakes to “rub” for a pro-
long ed period of

time, or brake frequently or
for long periods of time. Continuous braking
heats up the brakes. This could significantly
reduce braking power, increase braking dis-
tance or even result in the total failure of the
brake system. Control and warning lamps

It lights up red
Fault in the auto-
matic gearbox.
 Do not drive on!
Seek professional advice. Failure to
do so could result in considerable
damage to the transmission
››› page 141. 
It lights up yellow
In the automatic
gearbox the
gears can en-
gage incorrectly.Switch the ignition on and off.
When the control lamp does not
light up, find the nearest special-
ised workshop and have the auto-
matic gearbox checked.
The automatic
gearbox over-
heats temporari-
ly.Let the transmission cool with the
gearbox lever in the position .
When the control lamp does not
light up, find the nearest special-
ised workshop and have the auto-
matic gearbox checked. 
It lights up
Place the automatic
gearbox lever in the
position
 and do not
press the brake pedal.
Press the brake pedal to select
a gear range. 
It lights up
Together with the yel-
low control lamp for
the temperature of the
transmission
: the
automatic gearbox
overheats.
Press brake pedal and let the
transmission cool. Avoid
pressing the accelerator. When
the control lamp does not light
up, find the nearest special-
ised workshop and have the
automatic gearbox checked.
Together with the turn
signal display in the
instrument panel dis-
play: the automatic
gearbox lever is not in
the position
, indica-
tion to start the en-
gine.
Move the gearbox lever to the
position  and start the en-
gine. 
Flashes
An automatic gearbox
in the vehicle does
not guarantee that the
vehicle will not roll
away.Apply the handbrake.

Flashes
In the instrument pan-
el display, in addition
to the control lamp re-
questing the brake
pedal to be pressed
: indicated for start-
ing the engine.
Move the gearbox lever to the
position  and start the en-
gine.» 137
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety

Operation
selected gear. This is possible as long as the
sy s
t
em is not changing gear automatically
due to a traffic situation.
Using Tiptronic
● Place the lever in the position D to the lef
t
on the Tiptronic shift gate M ››› in Auto-
m atic
g
ear change on page 139.
● Press the lever forwards + or backwards
– to move up or down a gear
››
›
Fig. 146.
● Place the lever back to the position M to
the lef
t on the Tiptronic shift gate, to leave
Tiptronic mode ››› in Automatic gear
c h
an

ge on page 139.
With the lever in the position D, and pressing
forwards + or backwards
– the Tiptronic
pr ogr
amme c

an be selected M. CAUTION
● When acc el

erating, the gearbox automati-
cally shifts up into the next gear shortly be-
fore the maximum engine speed is reached.
● When reducing speed manually, the gear
box on
ly shifts gear when the engine can no
longer exceed the maximum engine speed. Driving with automatic gearbox
The gearbox changes gear ratios automatical-
ly
a
s

the vehicle moves. Driving down hills
The steeper the gr

adient, the lower the gear
you will need to select. The lowest gears in-
crease the engine braking work. Never go
down hills with the selector lever in neutral
N.
● You should reduce speed accordingly.
● Place the lever in the position D to the lef
t
on the Tiptronic shift gate M ››› page 139.
● Gently pull the selector lever back – to
c h
an

ge down a gear.
Starting when going up a slope
The steeper the gradient, the lower the gear
you will need.
When stopping on a slope with a gear range
engaged, the vehicle must be prevented from
rolling backwards by always pressing the
brake pedal or pulling the handbrake lever
up. When starting, release the brake pedal or
the handbrake ››› .
Kic k
-do

wn
The kickdown system provides maximum ac-
celeration when the gear selector lever is in
the position D, or in the Tiptronic position M.
When the accelerator pedal is pressed right
down, the automatic gearbox will shift down
to a lower gear, depending on road speed
and engine speed. This takes advantage of the maximum acceleration of the vehicle
›››
.
When the ac c
el
erator is pressed to the floor,
the automatic gearbox shifts to the next gear
only after the engine reaches the specified
maximum engine speed. WARNING
Rapid acceleration can cause loss of traction
and skid din

g, especially on slippery ground.
This could cause loss of control of the vehicle
resulting in an accident and serious injury.
● Always adapt your driving style to suit the
flow of tr
affic.
● Only use the kick-down function or rapid
accel
eration if visibility, weather, road and
traffic conditions so permit.
● Never put other road users in danger by ac-
celer
ating or with your driving style. CAUTION
If you stop on a hill with a gear range engag-
ed, do not tr y

to prevent the vehicle from roll-
ing back by pressing on the accelerator. Oth-
erwise, the automatic gearbox may overheat
causing damage. 140

Operation
ABS to be activated more quickly and
eff ectiv
ely
.
Do not lift your foot off the brake pedal!
When the brake pedal is released or when
the brake force is reduced, braking assist au-
tomatically turns off the brake servo.
Traction control system (ASR) or Traction
Control (TC)*
In the event of wheelspin, the traction control
system ASR or TC reduces the engine torque
to match the amount of grip available. The
ASR or TC makes some situations easier, for
example, when starting, accelerating or go-
ing uphill, even in unfavourable road condi-
tions.
Electronic differential lock (EDS)
EDL is available when driving in straight lines
under normal conditions. When the EDL de-
tects wheelspin, it brakes the spinning wheel
and directs the power to the other one. To
prevent the disc brake of the braked wheel
from overheating, the EDL cuts out automati-
cally if subjected to excessive loads. The EDL
will switch on again automatically when the
brake has cooled down. WARNING
Driving at high speed on icy, slippery or wet
grou nd c

an result in loss of vehicle control and serious injury to the driver and passen-
ger
s.
● Adju

st your speed and driving style to visi-
bility
, road, traffic and weather conditions.
Even though the brake assist systems, ABS,
BAS, EDL, ASR and ESC* provide more securi-
ty, do not take unnecessary risks while driv-
ing.
● Brake assist systems can not overcome the
law
s of physics. Even with ESC* and other
systems, slippery and wet roads will always
be dangerous.
● Driving to quickly on wet ground can result
in the wheels lo
sing contact with the ground
in an effect known as “aquaplaning”. Without
adherence, it is impossible to brake, steer or
control the vehicle.
● Brake assist systems cannot avoid acci-
dents if
, for example, the driver does not re-
spect safety distances or drives to quickly in
difficult conditions.
● Even though brake assist systems are ex-
tremely eff
ective and help control the vehicle
in difficult situations, remember that the ve-
hicle stability depends on tyre grip.
● When accelerating on a slippery surface,
for ex
ample on ice or snow, press the acceler-
ator carefully. The wheels can still slip even
with brake assist systems resulting in loss of
vehicle control. WARNING
The effectiveness of the ESC* can be consid-
erab ly

reduced if other components and sys-
tems affecting driving dynamics are not main-
tained or are not functioning correctly. This
includes, among others, brakes, tyres and
other systems already mentioned.
● Remember that changing and fitting other
components
to the vehicle can affect opera-
tion of the ABS, BAS, ASR TC, EDL and ESC*.
● Changes to the vehicle suspension or using
unap
proved wheel/tyre combinations can af-
fect operation of the ABS, BAS, ASR, TC, EDL
and ESC* and their effectiveness.
● Likewise, the effectiveness of ESC* de-
pends on the u
se of suitable tyres
››› page 197. Note
● To en s

ure that the ESC*, ASR and TC work
properly, all four wheels must be fitted with
identical tyres. Any differences in the rolling
radius of the tyres can cause the system to
reduce engine power when this is not de-
sired.
● If a malfunction should occur in the ABS,
the ESC*, ASR, T
C and EDL will also be affec-
ted.
● Noises may be heard while any of the
above sy
stems are operating.148

Index
Index
A
Abr o
a
d
extended stay abroad with your vehicle . . . . . 176
sale of vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
ABS see Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Acoustic alarm seatbelt unfastened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Adjusting front seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Adjusting the head restraints rear head restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Advice for driving spare wheel or temporary spare wheel . . . . . . 204
Airbag covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Airbag system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 58 activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
cleaning dash panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 61
functioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
locking the vehicle after deployment . . . . . . . . 93
repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Side airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
use of child seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
vehicle care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
climatr onic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 124
controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
special features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
user instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Air outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Air recirculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161, 176
Anti-freeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Anti-lock brake system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Anti-lock system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Anti-puncture kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 71 Check after 10 minutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Anti-theft security system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Ashtray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Aspects to take into account before starting the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
ASR see Traction control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Assistance systems brake assist system (BAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
electronic differential lock (EDS) . . . . . . . . . . . 148
optical parking system (OPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
parking aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
parking distance warning system . . . . . . . . . . 149
safety Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Assisted starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Assist systems traction control (ASR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
traction control (TC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Audible warnings Control and warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Automatic belt retractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Automatic device disconnection battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Automatic gearbox
driving tip s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
ignition key removal lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
kick-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
starting on a slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
stopping on a slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Automatic gear change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Axle loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
B Bag support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
BAS see Brake assist systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Battery changing in the vehicle key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Battery acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Before starting the vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Belt tension device service and disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Belt tensioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Belt tension limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Belt tightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Bonnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 184
Boot hatch emergency locking and unlocking . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Brake assist system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 brake assist systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
brake fluid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
brake pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
brake servo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
changing the brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
217