2015 GMC SIERRA DENALI automatic transmission fluid

Black plate (7,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
Service and Maintenance 11-7Maintenance Schedule
Additional Required
Services - Severe
12 000 km/7,500 mi
24 000 km/15,000 mi
36 000 km/22,500 mi
48 000 km/30,000 mi
60 000 km/37,500 mi
72 000 km/45,000 mi
84 000 km/52,500 mi
96 000 km/60,000 mi
108 000 km/67,500 mi
120 000 km/75,000 mi
132 000 km/82,500 mi
144 000 km/90,000 mi
156 000 km/97,500 mi
168 000 km/105,000 mi
180 000 km/112,500 mi
192 000 km/120,000 mi
204 000 km/127,500 mi
216 000 km/135,000 mi
228 000 km/142,500 mi
240 000 km/150,000 miRotate tires and perform Required Services.
Check engine oil level and oil life percentage.
Change engine oil and filter, if needed.
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @Replace passenger compartment air filter. (1)
@ @ @ @ @ @Inspect evaporative control system. (2)
@ @ @Replace engine air cleaner filter. (3)
@ @ @Replace spark plugs. Inspect spark plug wires.
@Change automatic transmission fluid and filter.
@ @ @Change transfer case fluid, if equipped with
4WD. (4)
@ @ @Extreme Service: Change transfer case fluid,
if equipped with 4WD. (4, 5)
@ @ @ @ @ @Drain and fill engine cooling system. (6)
@Visually inspect accessory drive belts. (7)
@Replace brake fluid. (8)
@ @ @

Black plate (12,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
11-12 Service and Maintenance
Recommended Fluids, Lubricants, and Parts Recommended Fluids and Lubricants This maintenance section applies to vehicles with a gasoline engine. If the vehicle has a diesel engine and/or an
Allison Transmission, see the maintenance schedule section in the Duramax diesel supplement.
Fluids and lubricants identified below by name, part number, or specification can be obtained from your dealer.
Usage Fluid/Lubricant
Engine Oil Use only engine oil licensed to the dexos1 ®
specification of the proper SAE
viscosity grade. ACDelco dexos1 Synthetic Blend is recommended. See
Engine Oil on page 10-8 .
Engine Coolant 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and use only DEX-COOL ®
coolant.
See Engine Coolant on page 10-18 .
Hydraulic Brake System DOT 3 Hydraulic Brake Fluid (GM Part No. 19299818, in
Canada 19299819).
Windshield Washer Automotive windshield washer fluid that meets regional freeze protection
requirements.
Hydraulic Power Steering System
(HD Only) GM Power Steering Fluid (GM Part No. 89021185, in Canada 89021186).
Automatic Transmission (All except
6.2L with 8-Speed transmission) DEXRON ®
-VI Automatic Transmission Fluid.

Black plate (13,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
Service and Maintenance 11-13Usage Fluid/Lubricant
Automatic Transmission (6.2L with
8-Speed transmission) DEXRON ®
-HP Automatic Transmission Fluid (GM Part No. 19300536, in
Canada 19300537).
Transfer Case (Four-Wheel Drive) DEXRON ®
-VI Automatic Transmission Fluid.
Floor Shift Linkage Lubriplate Lubricant Aerosol (GM Part No. 89021668, in Canada 89021674)
or lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2 Category LB or GC-LB.
Chassis Lubrication Chassis Lubricant (GM Part No. 12377985, in Canada 88901242) or
lubricant meeting requirements of NLGI #2, Category LB or GC-LB.
Front Axle (1500 Series) –
Four-Wheel Drive SAE 80W-90 Axle Lubricant (GM Part No. 89021671, in
Canada 89021672).
Rear Axle (1500) SAE 75W-85 Synthetic Axle Lubricant (GM Part No. 19300457, in
Canada 19300458).
Front and Rear Axle (2500/3500) SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Axle Lubricant (GM Part No. 88900401, in
Canada 89021678).
Front Axle Driveshaft Splines (All
1500/2500/3500 Series) and Rear
Axle Driveshaft Splines (All 1500
Series with Automatic Transmission) Spline Lubricant, Special Lubricant (GM Part No. 19257121, in
Canada 19257122).

Black plate (1,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
INDEX i-1
AAccessories and
Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Active Fuel Management ®
. . . . . 9-32
Add-On Electrical
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88
Adding a Snow Plow or
Similar Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88
Additional Information
OnStar ®
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Additional Maintenance
and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Adjustable Throttle and
Brake Pedal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Adjustments
Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . 10-15
Air Filter, Passenger
Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 Airbag System
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
How Does an Airbag
Restrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Passenger Sensing
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
What Makes an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
What Will You See after an
Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
When Should an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . 3-18
Airbags
Adding Equipment to the
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 5-17
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Servicing Airbag-Equipped
Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Alarm
Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51
All-Terrain Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52 Antilock Brake
System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Appearance Care
Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-96
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-101
Assistance Program,
Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Assistance Systems for
Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59
Assistance Systems for
Parking and Backing . . . . . . . . . 9-56
Automatic
Dimming Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Headlamp System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Transmission Fluid . . 10-12, 10-15
Automatic Transmission
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36
Shift Lock Control
Function Check . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Auxiliary
Roof Mounted Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Axle, Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30
Axle, Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-31

Black plate (5,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
INDEX i-5FlexFuel
E85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-65
Floor Console Storage . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-105
Fluid
Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . 10-12, 10-15
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27
Four-Wheel Drive
Transfer Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Forward Collision Alert
(FCA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59
Four-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . 9-40, 10-29
Four-Wheel-Drive Light . . . . . . . . 5-22
Frequency Statement
Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30 Front Fog Lamp
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Front Seats
Heated and Cooled . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-63
Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
Economy Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Filling a Portable Fuel
Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-67
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . 5-25
Management, Active . . . . . . . . . . 9-32
Requirements, California . . . . . 9-64
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . 10-86
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41
Engine Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-41
Instrument Panel
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . 10-45, 10-48 G Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Gauges
Engine Coolant
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Transmission Temperature . . . . 5-14
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Warning Lights and
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
General Information
Service and Maintenance . . . . . 11-1
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Glass Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . 10-35
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
GM Mobility Reimbursement
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5

Black plate (8,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
i-8 INDEX Messages
Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Battery Voltage and
Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Engine Cooling System . . . . . . . 5-33
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Key and Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Object Detection System . . . . . 5-35
Ride Control System . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Safety Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Steering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Vehicle Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42 Mirrors
Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Automatic Dimming
Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Blind Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Tilt in Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Trailer Tow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Mirrors, Interior Rearview . . . . . . 2-19
Monitor System, Tire
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-61
N Navigation
OnStar ®
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Noise Control System . . . . . . . . 10-32 O Object Detection System
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Off-Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Oil
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . .10-11
Engine Oil Pressure
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Older Children, Restraints . . . . . 3-30
Online Owner Center . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
OnStar ®
System, In Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
OnStar ®
Additional
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
OnStar ®
Connections . . . . . . . . . . 14-4
OnStar ®
Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
OnStar ®
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
OnStar ®
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1

Black plate (11,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
INDEX i-11Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Accessories and
Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Doing Your Own Work . . . . . . . . 10-3
Engine Soon Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Maintenance Records . . . . . . .11-16
Maintenance, General
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Parts Identification Label . . . . . 12-1
Publications Ordering
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-11
Scheduling Appointments . . . . . 13-7
Services
Special Application . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Servicing the Airbag . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Shift Lock Control Function
Check, Automatic
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Shifting
Into Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30
Out of Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
Signals, Turn and
Lane-Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Snow Plow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88
Special Application Services . . . 11-8 Specifications and
Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
StabiliTrak
OFF Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Start Assist, Hills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48
Start Vehicle, Remote . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Starter Switch Check . . . . . . . . . 10-33
Starting the Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Fluid, Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Heated Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Wheel Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Wheel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Steering System Messages . . . . 5-38
Stoplamps and Back-up Lamps
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Storage Areas
Center Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Floor Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Instrument Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Sunglasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Storage Compartments . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Stuck Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Sun Visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22 Sunglass Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
System
Forward Collision
Alert (FCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1, 13-15
Noise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32
Systems
Driver Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-55
T Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Tailgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Taillamps
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
Text Telephone (TTY) Users . . . 13-4
Theft-Deterrent Systems . . . . . . . 2-13
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Throttle, Adjustable . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-50
All-Season . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51
All-Terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52
Buying New Tires . . . . . . . . . . . 10-69
Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-74

Black plate (12,1)GMC 2015i Sierra Denali Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/
Mexico-8431500) - 2015 - crc - 6/20/14
i-12 INDEX Tires (cont'd)
Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-76
Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-54
Different Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-70
Dual Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-67
Full-Size Spare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-86
If a Tire Goes Flat . . . . . . . . . . 10-74
Inflation Monitor System . . . . 10-62
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65
Low Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Pressure Monitor System . . . 10-61
Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-65
Sidewall Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . 10-52
Terminology and
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-56
Uniform Tire Quality
Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-71
Wheel Alignment and Tire
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-72
Wheel Replacement . . . . . . . . 10-73
When It Is Time for New
Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-68
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-51
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39 Tow/Haul Mode Light . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Towing
Driving Characteristics . . . . . . . . 9-68
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-78
General Information . . . . . . . . . . 9-68
Recreational Vehicle . . . . . . . . 10-91
Trailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-71
Trailer Sway Control (TSC) . . . 9-87
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-91
Traction
Control System (TCS)/
StabiliTrak ®
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Off Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Traction Control/Electronic
Stability Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49
Trailer
Sway Control (TSC) . . . . . . . . . . 9-87
Tow Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-71
Transfer Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Transmission
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Fluid, Automatic . . . . . 10-12, 10-15
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39
Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 Transportation Program,
Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Truck-Camper Loading
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
Turn and Lane-Change
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Turn Signal
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
U Uniform Tire Quality
Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-71
Universal Remote System . . . . . 5-49
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
V Vehicle
Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Canadian Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Identification
Number (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15