
•At temperatures of –4°F (–20°C) or below, it is recommended that
you use a crankcase-mounted coolant heater to improve cold engine
starting.
•If operating in arctic temperatures of –20°F (–29°C) or lower, consult
your truck dealer for information about special cold weather
equipment and precautions.
Hot Weather
•Use a permanent-type engine coolant to protect the engine against
damage from overheating.
•Fill the fuel tank at the end of daily operation to prevent
condensation in the fuel system.
•Keep external surfaces of the engine, radiator, charge air cooler, air
conditioning condenser and accessories clean to avoid dirt build-up.
•You may experience above normal coolant temperatures while driving
in a transmission gear ratio that lugs the engine. To correct this
problem, increase engine speed by downshifting into the next lower
gear.
STEERING
Your vehicle is equipped with power steering. Power steering uses energy
from the engine to decrease the driver’s effort in steering your vehicle.
To help prevent damage to the power steering pump:
•Never hold the steering wheel to the extreme right or the extreme
left for more than a few seconds when the engine is running.
•Do not operate your vehicle with the power steering pump fluid level
below the ADD mark on the MAX COLD side of the power steering
reservoir dipstick.
•Some noise is normal during operation. If the noise is excessive,
check for low power steering pump fluid level before seeking service
by an authorized dealer.
•Low power steering pump fluid levels may cause heavy or uneven
steering efforts. Check the power steering pump fluid level before
seeking service from an authorized dealer.
•Do not fill the power steering pump reservoir above the FULL mark
on the MAX HOT side of the power steering reservoir dipstick, as this
may result in leaks from the reservoir.
If the power steering system breaks down (or if the engine is turned
off), you can steer your vehicle manually, but it takes more effort.
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Towing the Vehicle with the Front Wheels Suspended
Note:To avoid transmission damage, do not tow your vehicle even a
short distance without suspending rear wheels or removing the axle
shafts or driveshaft.
Note:When towing a vehicle equipped with a tandem axle from the
front, raise the forward rear axle so it can clear the road surface and
secure it to the frame with chains or U-bolts, allowing only the rear rear
axle to contact the road surface. Remove axle shafts from the rear rear
axle assembly. Cover the wheel hub ends to prevent loss of axle lubricant
and entrance of contaminants. Use extreme care in securing the chains
or U-bolts to avoid possible damage to the brake lines, hoses or other
components.
When it is necessary to tow a vehicle with the front wheels suspended,
take extra precautions to avoid transmission or differential damage:
•Remove the axle shafts from the axle assembly to prevent the wheels
from driving the differential and the transmission.
•Cover the wheel hub ends to prevent loss of axle lubricant and
entrance of other contaminants. If you do not remove the axle shafts,
removal of the driveshaft is required.
Towing the Vehicle with the Rear Wheels Suspended
Note:To avoid damage to the cab roof or air deflector when towing your
vehicle backward (rear wheels suspended), remove the air deflector.
Whenever possible, it is preferable to tow a disabled vehicle from the
rear by raising the rear of the chassis. When towing a vehicle with the
rear of the chassis suspended, you must lock the front wheels in the
straight-ahead position.
Vehicles equipped with a manual transmission must have at least 1.0 pint
(0.5 liter) of transmission fluid drained from the case. This prevents the
transmission fluid from entering the clutch housing and saturating the
clutch discs. Make sure to replace the transmission fluid before returning
your vehicle to service.
Towing Vehicles Equipped with a Driver-controlled Differential
Lock
Note:If you have to tow your vehicle to a service facility with the drive
axle wheels on the ground, it is necessary to remove the axle shafts
before towing your vehicle.
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When Fail-Safe Mode Turns On
WARNING:Never remove the coolant reservoir cap while the
engine is running or hot.
Note:Driving your vehicle without repairing the engine problem
increases the chance of engine damage. Take your vehicle to an
authorized dealer as soon as possible.
You have limited engine power when in the fail-safe mode, so drive your
vehicle with caution. Your vehicle is not able to maintain high-speed
operation and the engine runs rough. Remember that the engine is
capable of completely shutting down automatically to prevent engine
damage; therefore:
1. Pull off the road as soon as safely possible and turn off the engine.
2. Have your vehicle taken to an authorized dealer.
3. If this is not possible, wait a short period for the engine to cool.
4. Check the coolant level and replenish if low.
5. Restart the engine and take your vehicle to an authorized dealer.
TRANSMISSION FLUID CHECK
Allison Automatic Transmissions
See yourAllison Automatic Transmission Operator’s Manualfor
scheduled transmission fluid checks and change intervals. Your
transmission does not consume fluid. However, you should check the
fluid level if the transmission is not working properly. For example, if the
transmission slips or shifts slowly or if you notice some sign of fluid
leakage.
Automatic transmission fluid expands when warmed. To obtain an
accurate fluid check, drive your vehicle until it is at normal operating
temperature, approximately 20 miles (30 kilometers). Verify that the
transmission fluid temperature gauge, located on the instrument cluster,
is within the normal range.
1. Drive your vehicle 20 miles (30 kilometers) or until it reaches normal
operating temperature.
2. Park your vehicle on a level surface and engage the parking brake.
3. With the engine running, parking brake engaged and your foot on the
brake pedal, move the gearshift lever through all of the gear ranges.
Allow sufficient time for each gear to engage.
4. Latch the gearshift lever in positionNorPand leave the engine
running.
5. Remove the dipstick, wiping it clean with a clean, dry, lint-free rag.
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6. Install the dipstick making sure to seat it fully in the filler tube.
7. Remove the dipstick and inspect the fluid level. The fluid should be
in the designated area for normal operating temperature or ambient
temperature.
If you must add transmission fluid, see yourAllison Automatic
Transmission Operator’s Manualfor the correct fluid type.Use of a
non-approved automatic transmission fluid may cause internal
transmission component damage.
Fluid levels above the safe range may result in transmission failure. An
overfill condition of transmission fluid may cause shift or engagement
concerns or possible damage.
TorqShift® Automatic Transmission
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for scheduled intervals for
fluid checks and changes. Your transmission does not consume fluid.
However, you should check the fluid level if the transmission is not
working properly. For example, if the transmission slips or shifts slowly
or if you notice some sign of fluid leakage.
Automatic transmission fluid expands when warmed. To obtain an
accurate fluid check, drive your vehicle until it is at normal operating
temperature, approximately 20 miles (30 kilometers). Verify that the
transmission fluid temperature gauge, located on the instrument cluster,
is within the normal range.
1. Drive your vehicle 20 miles (30 kilometers) or until it reaches normal
operating temperature.
2. Park your vehicle on a level surface and engage the parking brake.
3. With the engine running, parking brake engaged and your foot on the
brake pedal, move the gearshift lever through all of the gear ranges.
Allow sufficient time for each gear to engage.
4. Latch the gearshift lever in positionPand leave the engine running.
5. Remove the dipstick, wiping it clean with a clean, dry, lint-free rag.
6. Install the dipstick making sure to seat it fully in the filler tube.
7. Remove the dipstick and inspect the fluid level. The fluid should be
in the designated area for normal operating temperature or ambient
temperature.
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Low Fluid Level
Do not drive your vehicle if there is
no indication of fluid on the dipstick
and the ambient temperature is
above 50°F (10°C).
Correct Fluid Level
Check the fluid at normal operating
temperature, 196°F-216°F
(91°C-102°C), on a level surface.
The fluid reaches normal operating
temperature after approximately 20 miles (30 kilometers) of driving.
High Fluid Level
Fluid levels above the safe range
may result in transmission failure.
An overfill condition of transmission
fluid may cause shift or engagement
concerns and possible damage.
Overheating conditions can cause
high fluid levels.
Adjusting Automatic Transmission Fluid Levels
Note:Use of a non-approved automatic transmission fluid may cause
internal transmission component damage.
Before adding any fluid, make sure the correct type is used. The dipstick
handle normally indicates which type of fluid to use. You can also find
the fluid specification in theCapacities and Specificationschapter.
If necessary, add fluid in 0.5 pint (250 milliliters) increments through the
filler tube until the level is correct.
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If an overfill occurs, excess fluid
should be removed by a qualified
technician.
Note:An overfill condition of transmission fluid may cause shift or
engagement concerns or possible damage.
Do not use supplemental transmission fluid additives, treatments or
cleaning agents. The use of these materials may affect transmission
operation and result in damage to internal transmission components.
Manual Transmissions
Note:Use of a non-approved transmission fluid may cause internal
transmission component damage.
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for scheduled intervals for
fluid checks and changes.
Your manual transmission may have an optional synthetic fluid that
allows the use of extended service intervals. A tag on the filler plug
identifies the use of the synthetic fluid.
Only use fluid that meets manufacturer specifications. SeeTechnical
specificationsin theCapacities and Specificationschapter.
Checking Fluid Level
1. Park your vehicle on level ground.
2. Set the parking brake, shift into first gear and turn the engine off.
3. Clean any dirt from around the filler plug.
4. Remove the filler plug and inspect the fluid level. The fluid level
should be at the bottom of the filler plug opening.
5. Add fluid, if necessary, through the filler plug opening.
6. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
Changing Fluid
Drain and refill your transmission fluid while it is warm.
1. Park your vehicle on level ground.
2. Set the parking brake, shift into first gear and turn the engine off.
3. Clean any dirt from around the filler and drain plugs.
4. Remove the filler plug and drain plug, and then drain the fluid into a
suitable container. Dispose of all used automotive fluids in a
responsible manner following your local authorized standards.
5. Clean and install the drain plug securely.
6. Add fluid through the filler plug opening.
7. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
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DRIVESHAFT
Check the universal joints for any evidence of wear or looseness at the
regular lubrication interval. Stop your vehicle immediately, should
driveshaft vibrations occur, to avoid possible hazardous consequences or
damage to other components.
REAR AXLE FLUID
Your rear axle may have an optional synthetic lubricant that allows the
use of extended service intervals. A tag on the filler plug identifies the
use of the synthetic lubricant.
Only use a lubricant that meets manufacturer specifications. See the
Capacities and Specificationschapter.Use of a non-approved rear
axle lubricant may cause internal axle component damage.
Checking the Fluid Level
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for lubricant check intervals.
1. Park your vehicle on level ground.
2. Set the parking brake and shift into positionNorP(automatic
transmission), or first gear (manual transmission). Turn the engine
off.
3. Clean any dirt from around the axle filler plug.
4. Remove the filler plug and inspect the lubricant level. It should be at
the bottom of the filler plug opening.
5. Add lubricant, if necessary, through the filler plug opening.
6. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
Changing the Fluid
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for lubricant change intervals.
1. Drain the rear axle while the lubricant is warm.
2. Park your vehicle on level ground.
3. Set the parking brake and shift into positionNorP(automatic
transmission), or first gear (manual transmission). Turn the engine
off.
4. Clean any dirt from around the rear axle filler and drain plugs.
5. Remove the filler and drain plugs. Drain the lubricant into a suitable
container. Dispose of all used automotive fluids in a responsible
manner following your local authorized standards.
6. Clean and install the drain plug securely.
7. Add lubricant through the filler plug opening.
8. Clean and install the filler plug securely.
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1. Set the parking brake, shift into
first gear and turn the engine
off.
2. Open the hood.
3. Clean the reservoir cap before
removal to prevent dirt and
water from entering the
reservoir.
4. Remove cap and rubber
diaphragm from reservoir.
5. Add fluid, if necessary, until it
reaches the step in the reservoir.
6. Reinstall rubber diaphragm and cap onto reservoir.
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for service intervals.
Clutch Linkage
Lubricate the clutch linkage using the following procedure. Use a grease
that meets manufacturer specifications. See theCapacities and
Specificationschapter.
Transmission and clutch removed for clarity.
1. Set the parking brake, shift into
first gear and turn the engine
off.
2. Remove the inspection cover
from the clutch housing.
3. Lubricate the clutch release
bearing (one location) and the
clutch release shaft (two
locations) grease fittings with a
grease gun.
4. Lubricate the clutch release
wear pads (two locations) where
they contact the clutch release
bearing with a brush or similar
tool.
5. Reinstall the inspection cover.
See theScheduled Maintenancechapter for service intervals.
POWER STEERING FLUID CHECK
Note:To avoid damage to the power steering system, do not operate
your vehicle with a low power steering fluid level.
222Maintenance
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