Black plate (52,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
10-52 Vehicle Care
{Warning
Tires could explode during
improper service. Attempting
to mount or dismount a tire
could cause injury or death.
Only your dealer or authorized
tire service center should
mount or dismount the tires.
{Warning
Mixing tires of different sizes,
brands, or types may cause
loss of control of the vehicle,
resulting in a crash or other
vehicle damage. Use the
correct size, brand, and type
of tires on all wheels.
{Warning
Using bias-ply tires on the
vehicle may cause the wheel
rim flanges to develop cracks
after many miles of driving.
A tire and/or wheel could fail
suddenly and cause a crash.
Use only radial-ply tires with
the wheels on the vehicle.
If the vehicle tires must be
replaced with a tire that does not
have a TPC Spec number, make
sure they are the same size,
load range, speed rating, and
construction (radial) as the
original tires.
Vehicles that have a tire
pressure monitoring system
could give an inaccurate
low-pressure warning if non-TPC
Spec rated tires are installed.
See Tire Pressure Monitor
System on page 10-44. The Tire and Loading
Information label indicates the
original equipment tires on the
vehicle. See
Vehicle Load Limits
on page 9-9.
Different Size Tires and
Wheels
If wheels or tires are installed that
are a different size than the original
equipment wheels and tires, vehicle
performance, including its braking,
ride and handling characteristics,
stability, and resistance to rollover
may be affected. If the vehicle has
electronic systems such as antilock
brakes, rollover airbags, traction
control, electronic stability control,
or All-Wheel Drive, the performance
of these systems can also be
affected.
Black plate (10,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
13-10 Customer Information
If the vehicle is leased, the leasing
company may require you to have
insurance that ensures repairs with
Genuine GM Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM) parts or
Genuine Manufacturer replacement
parts. Read the lease carefully, as
you may be charged at the end of
the lease for poor quality repairs.
If a Crash Occurs
If there has been an injury, call
emergency services for help. Do not
leave the scene of a crash until all
matters have been taken care of.
Move the vehicle only if its position
puts you in danger, or you are
instructed to move it by a police
officer.
Give only the necessary information
to police and other parties involved
in the crash.
For emergency towing see
Roadside Assistance Program on
page 13-5.Gather the following information:
.Driver name, address, and
telephone number.
.Driver license number.
.Owner name, address, and
telephone number.
.Vehicle license plate number.
.Vehicle make, model, and
model year.
.Vehicle Identification
Number (VIN).
.Insurance company and policy
number.
.General description of the
damage to the other vehicle.
Choose a reputable repair facility
that uses quality replacement parts.
See “Collision Parts” earlier in this
section.
If the airbag has inflated, see What
Will You See after an Airbag
Inflates? on page 3-28.
Managing the Vehicle Damage
Repair Process
In the event that the vehicle requires
damage repairs, GM recommends
that you take an active role in its
repair. If you have a pre-determined
repair facility of choice, take the
vehicle there, or have it towed there.
Specify to the facility that any
required replacement collision parts
be original equipment parts, either
new Genuine GM parts or recycled
original GM parts. Remember,
recycled parts will not be covered by
the GM vehicle warranty.
Insurance pays the bill for the repair,
but you must live with the repair.
Depending on your policy limits,
your insurance company may
initially value the repair using
aftermarket parts. Discuss this with
the repair professional, and insist on
Genuine GM parts. Remember,
if the vehicle is leased, you may be
obligated to have the vehicle
repaired with Genuine GM parts,
even if your insurance coverage
does not pay the full cost.
Black plate (14,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
13-14 Customer Information
Vehicle Data
Recording and
Privacy
The vehicle has a number of
computers that record information
about the vehicle’s performance and
how it is driven. For example, the
vehicle uses computer modules to
monitor and control engine and
transmission performance, to
monitor the conditions for airbag
deployment and deploy them in a
crash, and, if equipped, to provide
antilock braking to help the driver
control the vehicle. These modules
may store data to help the dealer
technician service the vehicle.
Some modules may also store data
about how the vehicle is operated,
such as rate of fuel consumption or
average speed. These modules may
retain personal preferences, such as
radio presets, seat positions, and
temperature settings.
Event Data Recorders
This vehicle is equipped with an
event data recorder (EDR). The
main purpose of an EDR is to
record, in certain crash or near
crash-like situations, such as an air
bag deployment or hitting a road
obstacle, data that will assist in
understanding how a vehicle’s
systems performed. The EDR is
designed to record data related to
vehicle dynamics and safety
systems for a short period of time,
typically 30 seconds or less. The
EDR in this vehicle is designed to
record such data as:
.How various systems in your
vehicle were operating;
.Whether or not the driver and
passenger safety belts were
buckled/fastened;
.How far (if at all) the driver was
depressing the accelerator and/
or brake pedal; and,
.How fast the vehicle was
traveling.These data can help provide a
better understanding of the
circumstances in which crashes and
injuries occur. NOTE: EDR data are
recorded by your vehicle only if a
non-trivial crash situation occurs; no
data are recorded by the EDR under
normal driving conditions and no
personal data (e.g., name, gender,
age, and crash location) are
recorded. However, other parties,
such as law enforcement, could
combine the EDR data with the type
of personally identifying data
routinely acquired during a crash
investigation.
To read data recorded by an EDR,
special equipment is required, and
access to the vehicle or the EDR is
needed. In addition to the vehicle
manufacturer, other parties, such as
law enforcement, that have the
special equipment, can read the
information if they have access to
the vehicle or the EDR.
Black plate (1,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
INDEX i-1
A
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-54
Additional Information
OnStar
®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Additional Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Adjustments
Lumbar, Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . 10-11
Air Filter, Passenger Compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Airbag System
Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 Airbag System (cont'd)
What Will You See after an
Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
When Should an Airbag
Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . 3-24
Airbags Adding Equipment to theVehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 5-16
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Servicing Airbag-Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Alarm Vehicle Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Alert Side Blind Zone (SBZA) . . . . . . 9-36
All-Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-36
All-Wheel Drive . . . . . . . . . 9-26, 10-23
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10, 7-12
Antenna Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 Appearance Care
Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-73
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-78
Armrest Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Audio Players . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20, 7-22
CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20, 7-22
MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24, 7-29
Audio System Radio Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Rear Seat (RSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32
Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . . 7-2
Automatic Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Transmission Fluid . . . . . . . . . 10-10
Automatic Transmission Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
Shift Lock ControlFunction Check . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Auxiliary Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
Black plate (6,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
i-6 INDEX
HeaterEngine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
Heating and Air Conditioning . . . 8-1
High Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . 9-6
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
How to Wear Safety Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
I
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Ignition Transmission LockCheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Indicator
Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Instrument Panel
Storage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . 2-16
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
J
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-67
K
Key and Lock Messages . . . . . . . 5-38
Keyless Entry Remote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . 2-2
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . 10-37
Lamps Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27 Lamps (cont'd)
Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41
Lane Departure Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
LATCH System
Replacing Parts after aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
LATCH, Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Liftgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Lighting Delayed Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Delayed Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Parade Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Lights Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Antilock Brake System
(ABS) Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . 5-20
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Black plate (7,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
INDEX i-7
Lights (cont'd)Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Engine Coolant
Temperature Warning . . . . . . . 5-23
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . 6-2
Lane Departure Warning . . . . . . 5-22
Safety Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . 5-15
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
StabiliTrak
®Indicator . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Tow/Haul Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Locks Automatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH
System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Lumbar Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
M
MaintenanceRecords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-14
Maintenance and Care Additional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . 11-2 Recommended Fluids
and Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-12
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . 5-18
Manual Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
Memory Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Memory Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Messages Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Battery Voltage andCharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35
Engine Cooling System . . . . . . . 5-36
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Engine Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Key and Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Object Detection System . . . . . 5-39
Ride Control System . . . . . . . . . . 5-41 Messages (cont'd)
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Service Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Vehicle Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
Mirrors Automatic DimmingRearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Manual Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Park Tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Mirrors, Interior Rearview . . . . . . 2-16
Monitor System, Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-44
MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24, 7-29
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Black plate (8,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
i-8 INDEX
N
NavigationOnStar®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
Net, Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
O
Object Detection System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Oil
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . . . 10-9
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24
Older Children, Restraints . . . . . 3-36
Online Owner Center . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
OnStar
®
System, In Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28 OnStar
®Additional
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
OnStar
®Connections . . . . . . . . . . 14-4
OnStar®Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2
OnStar®Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
OnStar®Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
OnStar®Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3
OnStar®Vehicle
Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6
Operating Mode Overheated Engine
Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Operation, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5, 7-8
Ordering Service Publications . . . . . . . . .13-11
Outlets Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Overheated Engine Protection
Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
Overheating, Engine . . . . . . . . . . 10-16
Overview, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3, 7-5
P
Parade Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
ParkShifting Into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Shifting Out of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Tilt Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Parking
Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
Brake and P (Park)Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . 10-24
Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . 9-21
Parking Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Passenger Airbag Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Passenger Compartment Air Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Passenger Sensing System . . . 3-29
Perchlorate Materials Requirements, California . . . . . 10-2
Personalization
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Phone Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Black plate (9,1)Chevrolet Traverse Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
7576032) - 2015 - CRC - 8/19/14
INDEX i-9
PowerDoor Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 9-19
Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Pregnancy, Using Safety Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Privacy Vehicle Data Recording . . . . . 13-14
Program Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 13-7
Proposition 65 Warning,
California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
R
Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Radio Frequency Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12 Radios
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10, 7-12
Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15, 7-18
Reading Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Rear Climate Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9, 8-10
Rear Seat Audio (RSA) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32
Rear Seat Entertainment System Rear Seat Audio (RSA) . . . . . . . 7-32
Rear Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Rear Vision Camera (RVC) . . . . 9-38
Rear Window Washer/Wiper . . . . 5-5
Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17 Automatic Dimming . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Reclining Seatbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Recommended Fluids and Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
Records Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-14
Recreational Vehicle Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-70
Reimbursement Program, GM Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5 Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Remote Vehicle Start . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Replacement Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Replacement Parts Airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-13
Replacing Airbag System . . . . . . 3-35
Replacing LATCH System Parts after a Crash . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
Replacing Safety Belt
System Parts after a Crash . . . 3-21
Reporting Safety Defects Canadian Government . . . . . . 13-13
General Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
U.S. Government . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
Restraints Where to Put . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
Retained Accessory Power (RAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Ride Control Systems
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Roads Driving, Wet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Roadside Assistance
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5