2015 AUDI R8 SPYDER wipers

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N "1: .... I.O
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-If swallowed and person is conscious, rinse
mouth with water for at least 15 m inutes.
Do not induce vomit ing unless instructed to
do so by medical professional. Get medical
attent ion immed iate ly .
(D Note
Liquid electro lyte leaking from broken mirror
glass will damage any plastic surfaces it
comes in contact with. C lean up spilled elec­
trolyte immed iately w ith clean water and a
sponge.
@ Tips
- Switch ing off the dimming function of the
i nside rear view mir ror also deactivates the
a utomat ic dimming f unction of the exte rior
mir ro rs .
- The au tomatic d imm ing mir ro rs do not d im
when the interior lig hting is turned on or
t h e reverse gear is selecte d.
- Automat ic dimming for the m irror only op­
e rates p rope rly if t he lig ht st riking the in­
s id e mir ro r i s no t hindere d in any way.
Sun visors
A_.... ,_""''""' 1-----
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~~==.i.=J:Z=t ----------·---
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Fi g. 62 Su n viso r
The vanity mir rors in the sun visors a re eq uipped
with covers .
Clear vi sion
Wiper and washer
system
Windshield wiper
The windshield wiper lever controls bo th the
windshield wipers and the washer system.
Fi g. 63 W iper lever: w indshield w iper leve r posit ions
The w indshield wiper lever q fig . 63 has the fol­
lowing posit ions:
Intermittent wiping ~1 {act ivating rain
sensor)*
• Move the lever up to posit ion (D .
.,. Move the interval set switch@, to change the
intervals.
Low wipe r speed
.,. Move the lever up to posit ion @.
High wiper speed
.,. Move the lever up to posit ion @.
One-touch wiping
.,. Move the lever to position @, when you want
to w ipe the windshie ld
briefly .
Automatic wiper /washer
.,. Pull the lever to position ® (toward the steer­
ing wheel) and hold.
.. Release the lever. The washer stops and the
w ipers keep go ing fo r about four seconds.
Turning off the w iper s
.,. Move the lever back to position @ .
The w indshield w ipers and w ashe r only work
whe n the ign ition is turned on . If you sw itch off
t h e ignit ion with the windshield wiper lever sti ll .,..
51

Clear vision
in the interval wipe position and then come back
a while later and drive off, the rain sensor will re­
activate itself after the vehicle speed has exceed­
ed 4 mph (6 km/h).
The rain sensor* is only activated with the wiper
lever set to position(!). When it starts to rain,
the rain sensor will automatically activate the in­
termittent wiping mode.
To reduce the sensitivity of the sensor, move
switch @ down. To increase the sensitivity, move
the switch up. The higher you adjust the sensitivi­
ty, the faster the sensor will react when it senses moisture on the windshield. The pauses between
wiper turns depend not only on the sensitivity setting, but on the vehicle speed as well.
During brief stops, e.g . at a red light, wiper mo­
tion will automatically be reduced to the next
lower speed . Wipers already turning at low speed
change to intermittent wiping.
When the ignition is turned on, the washer jets
are heated.
A WARNING
- Wiper blades are crucial for safe driving! On­
ly when they are in good condition are they
able to clear the windows properly to pro­
vide uncompromising visibility. Worn or
damaged wiper blades are a safety hazard
¢ page 53, Replacing windshield wiper
blades!
- The light/rain sensor* is only designed to as­
sist and support the driver. It remains en­
tirely the driver's responsibility to monitor outside weather conditions and to manually
activate the wipers as soon as rain or drizzle
reduces visibility through the windshield .
- The windshield must not be treated with
water-repellent materials. They can increase
glare under poor visibility conditions such as
wetness, darkness, or when the sun is low
on the horizon . In addition, they can cause
the windshield wipers to chatter.
(D Note
In freezing or near freezing conditions:
52
- Always check that the wiper blades are not
frozen to the glass before you turn the wip­
ers on. Loosen a wiper blade which is frozen
in place before operating the wipers to pre­
vent damage to the wiper blade or the wiper
motor .
- Do not use the wipers to clear a frosted win­
dow. Using the wipers as a convenient ice
scraper will destroy the wiper blades .
- Before you take your vehicle to an automatic
car wash, make sure you have the wind­
shield wiper system switched off (lever in position
0), otherwise the windshield wiper
system could get damaged in the car wash if
it should suddenly come on.
(D Tips
- The windshield wipers are switched off
when the ignition is turned off. Activate the
windshield wipers after the ignition is
switched back on by moving the windshield
wiper lever to any position.
- Worn or dirty windshield wiper blades cause
smearing, which can affect the operation of
the light/rain sensor*. Check the condition
of your windshield wiper blades regularly.
- The rain sensor is part of the interval wiping
system. Turning off the ignition will also de­
activate the rain sensor . To reactivate the
sensor, switch off the interval wiping func­
tion, then switch it back on again.
- Applies to vehicles with light/rain sensor:
When the wipers are switched on manually
and in rain conditions, the automatic head­
lights* turn on <=>
page 46, Lights or off dur­
ing the day when the wipers are no longer
operating. The automatic headlights* func­
tion is available in this case only when the
light switch is in the "AUTO" position
<=>
page 46, fig. 55.
- Make sure the washer fluid reservoir in the
engine compartment is topped off before
going on a long trip. Look up<=>
page 168
for checking and filling the washer contain­
er.
- The wipers only operate with the hood com­
pletely closed.

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Service position
It is only possible to change wiper blades if you move the wiper arms to the service position .
In order to use the windshield wipers, the front
lid must be completely closed.
Moving wiper bla de s to th e serv ice positi on
• When there is a risk of frost, make sure that the
wiper blades are not frozen to the windshield.
• Switch the ignition on.
• Move the wiper lever to position
O i:> page 51,
fig. 63.
• Press the
!RESE T I button unt il the Di spla y ty pe
menu appears in the Driver Information System
display .
• Usi ng the rocke r switch a nd the
!RESET I b utton,
select the
Se t> Wip ers > Fr ont > S ervi ce pos i­
ti on on
function. The windshie ld wiper arms
move to the service position.
Moving wi per blades to park position
• Make ce rtain that the wiper arms are lying
against the w indshie ld.
• Switch the ignition on and move the w iper lever
from position Oto
4 i:> page 51, fig. 63 . The
wiper arms will move back to the park position.
(D Note
Never drive yo ur vehicle when the windshield
wiper arms are in the service position and
pulled away from the windshield. When you
drive faster than 4 mph (6 km/h), the wiper
arms automatically return to the park posi­
tion and could cause paint damage to the
front lid!
(D Tips
- You can also turn on the service pos ition, for
example, if you want to protect the wind­
sh ield from ic ing by using a cover .
- The service position moves to
off automati­
cally when you operate the windshield w iper
lever, or speed exceeds 4 mph (6 km/h) .
Clear vi sion
Cleaning windshield wiper blades
Clean the windshie ld w iper b lades when they be­
gin to leave strea ks. Use a soft cloth and g lass
cleaner to clean t he windshie ld w iper blades.
• Place the windshie ld w iper arms in the service
position. Refe r to
c> page 53.
• Lift the wiper a rm away from the front window .
& WARNING
-
Dirty windsh ield wiper b lades can impair your
view. This can lead to accidents.
Replacing windshield wiper blades
Wiper blades in good condition help keep the
windshield clear.
F ig. 6 4 Unlatching wiper blades
Fig. 65 Removing wiper blades
Remo ving the wiper bl ade
• Move the wipers to the service position
i=>page53.
.,. Fold the windshield wiper arm away from the
glass .
• On the upper end of the wiper arm at the corru­
gation, squeeze the plastic retainer together on
bo th s ides in the direction of the arrow
i=>fig . 64. ..,_
53

Clear vision
... Rotate the w iper blade in the direction of the
arrow @c:>
fig. 65 away from the wiper arm.
... Lift the wiper blade
off in the direction of the
arrow @.
Install ing the wiper blade
" Place the rounded end of the wiper onto the
end of the wiper arm in the
oppo site direction
to the arrow @c:>
fig. 65.
"Squee ze the corrugation on the wiper until you
hear it click in the wiper arm .
" Fo ld the w iper arm back onto the windshield .
... Switc h the ignition on and move the wiper lever
down br iefly
c:> page 51, fig. 63 . The wiper w ill
move back to the park position .
_& WARNING
For your safety, you should replace the wiper
blades once or tw ice a year . See your a utho r­
ized Audi dea le r f or replacement b lades.
(D Note
- The wipe r blades may only be changed
c:> page 53 in the serv ice position! O ther­
wise, you r is k damaging the paint on the
front lid or t he windshie ld wiper motor.
- To he lp preven t damage to the wipe r sys ­
tem, a lways loosen blades which are frozen
to the windshie ld before ope rating wipers .
- To he lp prevent d amage to w iper blades, do
not use gaso line, kerosene, paint th inner, or
other solvents o n or near the wiper b lades.
- To he lp prevent damage to the wipe r arms
or other components, do not attempt to move the wipers by hand .
- Commerc ial hot waxes applie d by au tom atic
ca r washes affect the cleanability of the
glass surface .
- T he front wipe r blades a re d ifferent le ng ths;
the blade on the driver 's side is longer .
54
Digital compass
Activating or deactivating the compass
Applies to ve hicles: w ith d igital compass
Fig. 66 Insi de rea rv iew m irror: d ig ital co mpass activated
... To activate or deactivate, hold the @button
down until the red display appears o r disap­
pears .
The dig ital compass only works with the ignition
turned on . T he d irect ions are displayed as init ials:
N (North), NE (Northeast), E (East), SE (South ­
east),
S (South), SW (Southwest), W (West), NW
(Northwest).
The compass has to be recalibrated if the d isplay
i s wrong or inaccurate c:>
page 55.
@ Tips
-To avoid inaccurate directions, do not allow
any remote co ntro ls, electrical systems , or
meta l parts close to the mirror .
- Th e correct magnet ic deflection zone must
be set in order to display the directi ons cor­
rectly.

Intelligent technology
Press the I!! button briefly¢ fig. 126 . The II in­
dicator light turns on and Sport control Warn­
ing! Restricted st abilit y appears in the driver in­
formation system d isplay. Driving stability is lim­
ited in sport mode.
Sw itch ing ESC off
Press and hold the
l!I button for three seconds .
The ESC indicator light
fl turns on and Stabil i­
z atio n prog ram off appears in the display. ASR is
also switched off when ESC is sw itched off.
Sw itch ing on
Press the
l!J button again. The message Stabili­
zation progr am on appears briefly in the disp lay .
_& WARNING
You should only sw itch the ESC off if your dr iv­
ing ability and the traffic s ituation allow. This
could increase the risk of slipp ing.
- The stabilizing function is limited in ESC
sport mode. The driving wheels could spin and the vehicle could swerve, especially on
slick or slippery road surfaces.
- There is no vehicle stabilization when ESC is
switched off.
(D Tips
If there is a malfunction in the retractable
rear spo iler* or the A udi magnetic ride*, it
may not be possible to activate ESC sport
mode or normal mode may act ivate aga in au­
tomatically.
Braking
What affects braking efficiency?
New brake pad s
During the f irst 250 miles (400 km), new brake
pads do not possess the ir full braking effect, they
have to be "broken in" first¢.&. . The break- in pe­
riod can be considerab ly longer for vehicles w ith
ceramic b rake roto rs*. You can compensate for
this s light ly reduced b ra ki ng power by push ing
ha rder on the b rake peda l. Avoid heavy braking
loads during the bre ak-in period.
136
Operating conditions and driving habits
The bra kes on today's automobiles a re s till sub­
j ect to wear, depend ing largely on operating con ­
ditions and driving habits ¢& . On vehicles that
a re either driven most ly in stop-and-go city traf­
fic or are driven hard, the brake pads should be
checked by your authorized Aud i dealer more of­
te n tha n specified in the Warranty
& Maint e­
nance bookl et. Failure to have you r brake pads
i nspected can resu lt in reduced b rake pe rform­
ance.
On steep slopes, you shou ld use the braking ef­
fect of the engine . This way, you prevent un nec­
essary wear on the brake system . If you must use
you r brakes, do not hold the bra kes down cont in­
u o usly. Pump the brakes at in tervals.
Operating noise
Noises may occur when braki ng depending on the
speed, braking force and outs ide cond it ions such
as tempera ture and hum idity.
Due to the nature of the materia ls used i n ceram­
i c brake rotors*, noises may become more appa­
r ent at low speeds.
Effect of water and road salt
In certa in situations, for examp le after driv ing
through water , in heavy rain, after overnight con­
densation or after washing your car, the braking
effect can be reduced by moisture or ice on the
brake rotors and brake pads . The brakes must be
dr ied fi rst w ith a few careful b rake app lications.
At higher speeds and with the windsh ield wipers
turned on, the brake pads press against the brake r otors for a short amount of time. This occurs at
r egular intervals without the dr iver not ic ing and
provides fo r be tter brake response time under
wet cond it ions.
The effect iveness of the brakes ca n be red uced
when the v ehicle is d riv en on a salt-cove red road
and the b rakes are no t used. Likewise, you clean
off a ccumula ted salt coating from b rake d iscs
and pads with a few ca utious app lications of the
brake ¢& .
D ue to the ir sur fa ce character istics, cerami c
brake ro tors * absorb moistu re in such co ndi tions . ..,.

.....
Vehicle care and cleaning General information
Regular, proper care helps to maintain your vehi ­
cle's value.
It can a lso be a req uirement when
submitting warranty claims for corrosion damage
and paint defects on the body.
The required cleaning and care products can be
obtained from your authorized Audi dea ler or a
qualified workshop. Read and follow the instruc­
tions for use on the packaging.
A WARNING
-Us ing clean ing and care products incorrectly
can be dangerous to your health.
- Always store cleaning and care products out
of reach of children to reduce the r isk of poi­
soning.
@ For the sake of the environment
- Preferably use environmentally-friendly products when buying cleaning agents.
- Do not dispose of leftover cleaning and care
products with household trash.
Car washes
The longer deposits remain on the vehicle, the
more the surface can be damaged. High tempera­
tures such as those caused by sunlight increase
the damaging effect .
Before washing, wet heavy deposits with plenty
of water.
Stubborn depos its such as bird droppings or tree
sap are best removed with plenty of water and a
microfiber cloth .
A lso, was h the underside of your vehicle once
road salt stops being used for the season.
Pressure washers
When washing your veh icles w ith a pressure
washer, always follow the operating instructions
"' provided with the pressure washer. This is espe-
r--
~ cially important in regard to the pressure and
; spraying distance . Do not aim the spray directly
~ at seals on side windows, doors, the engine com -,.... Vehicle care and cleaning
partment lid, the front lid
or the convertible top
or at tires, rubber hoses, insulating material
orsensors* or camera lenses *. Keep a distance of
at least 16 inches (40 cm).
Do not remove snow and ice with a pressure
washer .
Never use rotary nozzles or high pressure noz­
zles.
The water temperature must not be above 140 °F
(60 °().
Automatic car washes
Spray off the veh icle before washing.
Make sure that the windows are closed and the
windshield wipers are off. Follow instructions
from the car wash operator, especially if there are
accessor ies attached to your vehicle .
If possible, use car washes that do not have
brushes .
Only use car washes where the vehicle remains
stationary and the washing equipment moves
around t he vehic le when washing and drying. Car
washes that move the vehicle through the car
wash using a chain are not recommended.
Washing by hand
Clean the vehicle starting from the top and work­
ing down using a soft sponge or cleaning brush.
Use solvent-free cleaning prod ucts .
Washing vehicles with matte finish paint by
hand
To avoid damaging the paint when washing, first
remove dust and large particles from your vehi ­
cle. Insects, grease spots and fingerprints are
best removed with a spec ia l cleaner for matte
finish paint.
Apply the prod uct using a microfiber cloth . To
avo id damaging the paint surface, do not use too
much pressure.
Rinse the vehicle thoroughly with water. Then
c lean using a neutral shampoo and a soft micro­
fiber cloth.
Rinse the vehi cle thoroughly again and let it air
dry. Remove any water residue using a sham my . .,.
145

Index
Safety belt warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Safety compliance sticker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Safety equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Safety fea tures for occup ant res tra in t and
protec tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Safety guideli nes
Seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Safety instructions
For using child safety seats . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
For using safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Mon itor ing t he Advanced Airbag System 114
Seat adjustment Driver's seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Front passenger 's seat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
H ead r estr aints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
P owe r seats .................. ... .. .. 57
Safety guideli nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Seat covers
Clea ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Seating capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Seating position Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Fr ont p assenge r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8
I ncorrect seat posit ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Seats Number of seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9S
Selector lever (S tronic)
Pos1t1ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5
Service and disposal Safety belt pretensioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1
Service inte rval d isp lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
Service pos ition for w indshield wipers . . . . . 53
Se t menu. ..... .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. .... 23
Se tt ing the time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Shift paddles (S tronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Shutt ing down vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Side airbags
Descript io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
H ow they work .. .............. .... .. 119
Side marker lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Snow ch ains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
So und system display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Sources of info rmat ion about c hild restra ints
a nd the ir use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
226
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Speed rat ing letter code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Speed warning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Spoi le r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Sport function (S tronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Sport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Start ing o n hill s
Hill ho ld assis t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Start ing the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 67
What should I do if t he engine does not
start? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Steering co lumn
Adjust ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Locking the steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Steering wheel Shift padd les (5 tronic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Steps for determin ing corre ct load limit . . . 184
Stopping the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5 tronic (Automatic transmission) . . . . . . . . . 75
Automat ic shift ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ki ck-down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
La un ch con trol prog ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Manua l shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Pa rking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Sport fu nction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Steering wheel with shift paddles . . . . . . . . 78
Su n visors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Symbols
refer to War ning/Ind icator lights . . . . . . . . 11
T
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Tail lights Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Tank flap Unl ocking the fuel fill erflapby hand .. .. 15 4
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Technical modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Tempe rat ure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Textiles Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Tighte ning whee l bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Tire mob ility system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Tire pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Index
Warning/Indicator lights Rear spoiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Warn ing lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Warranty coverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Wear indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Weights. .. .. .... .......... ...... ... . 212
What happens if you wear your safety belt too
loose? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
What happens to unbelted occupants? . . . . . 96
What impairs dr iving safety? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
What should I do after changing a wheel? . 181
Wheel bolts
Torque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Checking tire pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Clean ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Cold tire inflation pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
General notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Glossary of tire and loading terminology . 171
New tires and wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Tires and vehicle load limits . . . . . . . . . . . 182
When must the airbag system be inspected? 1.12
When should I adjust the tire pressures? . . 181
When shou ld I check the tire pressures? . . . 181
Where can I find the tire pressures for my
car? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Why safety belts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95, 96
Wind deflector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Windows Clean ing/remov ing ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Defrost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
W indshield washer fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Windshield wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Insta lling new wiper blades . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Service position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Winter operation Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Car washes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Coolant system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Defrosting windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Heated seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Removing ice from windows . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Windshield wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Winter tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
All-wheel drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
228
Wiper and washer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Intermittent wiping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
One -tap wiping ... .. .................. 51
Wiper b lades
refer to Windshield wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53