2014 PORSCHE 911 engine

4243
DFI delivers fuel directly into the combustion
chamber with millisecond precision. The
spray and cone angles of the multi -hole
injectors have been optimised for torque,
power output, fuel consumption, emissions
and efficient combustion.
With direct injection, the engine manage -
ment system regulates injection timing
individually for each cylinder as well as
the injection rate for each cylinder bank.
This improves the combustion process
and fuel economy.
This results in instant acceleration,
extremely smooth running and an
extraordinary level of tractive power,
but with a comparatively low level of
fuel consumption.

For faster heating of the cataly tic converters
after a cold start and optimum torque in
the upper load range, up to three injection
pulses take place per combustion cycle.
DFI improves the internal cooling of
the combustion chamber by having the
mixture prepared directly in the cylinder.
This allows for a higher compression
ratio, which helps to deliver more output
at the same time as enhanced engine
efficiency. Injection is regulated by the
electronic engine management system
and emissions are monitored by the
Lambda sensors.
T emperament | Engine
VarioCam Plus.
VarioCam Plus is a two- in
-one engine
concept for adjusting the intake
camshafts and switching the lift of the
intake valves.
The system first differentiates bet ween
driver inputs that typify normal,
everyday driving and those inputs
that demand maximum performance.
The electronic engine management
system then seamlessly adapts valve
operation to the prevailing conditions.
What lies between your home and Le Mans?
Advanced engineering as standard.
Direct fuel injection (DFI).
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

4445
T
emperament
| Engine
Integrated dry-sump lubrication.
Integrated dry
-sump lubrication ensures
a reliable supply of oil even when a
sport y driving st yle is adopted. It also
has additional cooling functions.
The oil tank is located in the engine,
thereby eliminating the need for an
external oil tank, which saves both space
and weight. To reduce power loss and
increase efficiency, an electronically
controlled oil pump supplies the lubricat -
ing points inside the engine as and
when required. When demand is low, the
oil pump is operated at reduced power,
thereby saving fuel.
Air intake system.
The resonance intake system increases
the intake volume by exploiting the fact
that air oscillates as it passes through
the intake manifold. The system can
adjust to engine speed. Benefits of this
include higher torque at low engine
speeds and a flat ter torque curve. The
911 Carrera S models operate a t wo -
stage system.
The entire intake system is made from
light weight plastic. In the 911 Carrera
models, the resonator volume of the air
filter housing varies with engine speed to
bring added character to the engine
sound, which becomes much more
powerful at higher rpm.
Exhaust system.
The exhaust system of the 911 Carrera
models is a concept that delivers a clear
statement, not only in terms of
acoustics.
The stainless steel exhaust system com-
prises two distinctive and independent
exhaust tracts. The cataly tic converters
heat up rapidly for effective emissions
reduction.
A selectable t wo -tract sports exhaust
system featuring distinctive polished
stainless steel tailpipes is available as
an option. Activated by a but ton, it
produces an even more intensive sports
car sound.
Engine management system.
The EMS SDI 9.1 engine management
system ensures optimum engine perfor -
mance at all times. It controls, for
example, the position of the electronic
throt tle valve (ETC) – a prerequisite for
compatibility with the Porsche Stability
Management (PSM), which comes as
standard. It also regulates all engine -
related functions to achieve optimum
fuel consumption, emissions and power
output whatever the driving st yle.
Another function is the cylinder -specific
knock control. Since the cylinders never
all work under exactly the same condi -
tions, the knock control function monitors
each one separately. The ignition point
is shifted individually, as and when
necessary, to protect the cylinders and
pistons at high engine speeds.
For compliance with EU standards, the
on -board diagnostics detect any faults
and defects that may occur in the exhaust
and fuel systems and then notify the
driver immediately. This also prevents
increased pollutant emissions and
unnecessary fuel consumption.
For fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.
Twin tailpipe of the spor ts exhaust system Single
-tube tailpipe on the 911 Carrera
Twin tailpipe on the 911 Carrera S

4647
T
emperament
| Transmission
The long and winding road is where you’d like to be.
Sometimes, it pays to take the direct route.
Transmission.
The 7-speed manual gearbox.
Pure, direct, precise. Short shift move -
ments and an optimum transition from
one gear to the next. That ’s exactly what
you would expect of a Porsche manual
gearbox.
What you might not have expected is a
7 -speed manual gearbox that combines
a high level of sport y performance with
an equally high level of efficiency and
offers extra comfort for longer journeys. It’s an exceptional innovation, and not
only in the sports car segment.
The design of this manual gearbox is
based in principle on that of Porsche
Doppelkupplung (PDK). Gears 1 to 6 have
a sports ratio and top speed is reached
in 6th gear. The additional 7th gear,
however, has a long ratio, which reduces
torque and helps to reduce fuel consump
-
tion. Lower engine revs at fast driving
speeds also ensure a high level of comfort
on long stretches of road. In addition,
a gear indicator in the rev counter reminds
you which gear has been selected. The
upshift indicator in the instrument cluster
helps you actively conserve fuel.
Thanks to the elevated centre console,
the gear lever is within easy reach –
ideal for sport y gear changes.
Whether you select a sport y or comfortable
gear, the way you reach your destination
is in your own hands.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

462135
7R
4849
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK).
Available as an option for all
911
Carrera models is 7-speed PDK,
featuring manual and automatic modes.
It facilitates extremely fast gear changes
with no interruption in the flow of power,
whilst at the same time improving
acceleration and fuel efficiency. The first six gears are particularly
sport y, with top speed being reached

in 6th gear. 7th gear has a long
ratio and reduces the revs – for lower
consumption.
PDK is essentially t wo gearboxes in one
and thus requires t wo clutches. This
double-clutch arrangement provides an
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK)
alternating, non-positive connection
bet ween the t wo half gearboxes and the
engine by means of t wo separate input
shafts.
The flow of power from the engine is
transmit ted through one half gearbox and
one clutch at a time, while the next gear
is preselected in the second half gearbox. During a gear change, therefore, one
clutch simply opens and the other closes
at the same time, enabling gear changes
to take place within milliseconds.
The effect is instant. Driving feels even
sportier and more dynamic, and agility

is increased. Depending on the gearshift
programme (SPORT button activated
T emperament | Transmission
or deactivated), the gear change is opti -
mised for comfort or for sport y driving.
With the optional Sport Chrono Package,
PDK is enhanced by the ‘Launch Control’
and ‘motorsport-derived gearshift
strategy’ functions (pages 65– 67).
Coasting.
The ‘coasting’ function available with
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) enables
you to save even more fuel where the
situation allows. The engine is decoupled
from the transmission to prevent
deceleration caused by engine braking.
In this way, optimum use is made of the
vehicle’s momentum, allowing it to coast
for longer distances.
For example, you may want to slow down
from 100 to 80 km/ h in anticipation
of the change of speed limit ahead. As
soon as you release the accelerator
pedal, PDK deselects the current gear automatically and you begin to coast
in neutral until you have reached your
desired speed. The moment you engage
the accelerator or brake pedal, PDK
selects the appropriate gear smoothly
and seamlessly within a fraction of a
second.
In short, driving in coasting mode makes
a real impact on fuel consumption without
any need for compromise on comfort or
sporty performance.
Another way to reduce fuel consumption is
to utilise the coasting function on downhill
gradients that are gentle enough for you
to maintain a constant speed. Efficient on
long journeys, such as on the motorway,
PDK remains ready to respond as swiftly
and precisely as you would expect.
For fuel consumption, CO
2 emissions and efficiency class, please refer to pages 141/143.

5051
It is possible to have a lot of power yet not
be able to use it. Only by using your power
intelligently will you truly progress – and
with consummate ease.
Porsche Traction
Management (PTM) is
standard on all 911 Carrera all-wheel-drive
models. It is an active all-wheel- drive
system with an electronically variable
map-controlled multi-plate clutch,
automatic brake differential (ABD) and
anti-slip regulation (ASR). Drive power is distributed bet ween the
permanently driven rear axle and the
front axle by means of the electronically
variable multi
-plate clutch.
The status of the vehicle is continuously
monitored so that it is possible to respond
to different driving situations. Sensors
are used to collect a range of data, includ -
ing the rotational speed of all four wheels,
the lateral and longitudinal acceleration
of the car and the current steering angle. If, for example, the rear wheels begin
to lose traction under acceleration, a
greater proportion of the drive power
is automatically transmit ted to the front
axle by a more positive engagement of
the multi-
plate clutch. In addition, ASR
prevents wheel spin by adapting the
engine’s power output. During cornering,
the optimal level of drive power is
dis
tributed to the front wheels to ensure
excellent lateral stability. In conjunction with Porsche Stability
Management (PSM), PTM helps to ensure
the perfect distribution of drive power for
optimum traction in most road scenarios,
whether on long straights, through tight
corners, or on surfaces with different
friction coefficients.
Far better than a power struggle
is power interplay.

Porsche Traction Management (PTM).
T
emperament | Transmission

5253
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
“That can’t be done.”
If ever a sentence gave motivation to sports car designers, this is it.
Chassis and body.
A solid identit y tends to be described
with words like stability, directness or
substance. This might sound a lit tle
serious but, when it comes to the chassis
and body, we think that this is entirely
the right approach.
The best example is the engineered
design. Indeed, dynamic performance
and ride comfort fundamentally depend
on factors such as vehicle weight, body
rigidity, wheelbase, axle construction and
steering. With the 911, we challenged our
engineers to push the boundaries of what
is possible. Chassis control systems make a key
contribution to the 911 driving experience
and thus to the 911 identit y. These
include Porsche Stability Management
(PSM), Porsche Active Suspension
Management (PASM), which comes as
standard in the 911 Carrera S models,
Porsche Torque Vectoring (PT V) and
Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PT V Plus)

in conjunction with PDK. Porsche Dynamic
Chassis Control (PDCC) is additionally
available as an option for the 911 Carrera S
models.
Yet, there is still scope for improvement
as far as sport y performance is
concerned. The optional Sport Chrono
Package triggers an adrenaline rush at
the push of a but ton. Dynamic engine
mounts, until recently exclusively
reserved for 911
GT and Turbo models,
may not be capable of breaking the laws
of physics, but they do succeed in
exploiting them to their own advantage –
and yours.

5455
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
Aluminium
Deep -drawn steels
Multiphase steels
Super- high -strength micro -alloyed steels
Boron- alloyed steels
Front and rear axles.
The independent suspension at the front
features a light weight spring-strut axle
with longitudinal and transverse links and
cross members that have been refined
for stiffness. Each front wheel is precisely
located, ensuring excellent directional stability, superior handling and reduced
pitching under braking, and the wide
track optimises turn-
in.
The rear axle is equipped with a
motorsport- derived multi -link suspension
and chassis subframe. Refined axle
kinematics for improved longitudinal
damping reduce acceleration squat and increase comfort. Light weight spring
struts further enhance agilit y.
The high proportion of aluminium used in
the construction of the axles reduces the
weight of the vehicle and of the unsprung masses, helping to improve fuel economy,
comfort and agility.
Rear axle of the 911 Carrera S
Front axle of the 911 Carrera S
Engineered design.
The innovative bodyshell of the 911 fulfils
t wo structural design requirements: first,
excellent driving dynamics due to the
body’s extremely high rigidit y; second, a
low vehicle weight primarily as a result of
the intelligent lightweight construction.
To meet the second requirement, we
employed state -of -the- art techniques for
combining various materials in order
to utilise specific material properties
exactly where they are needed.

For the bodyshell, therefore, we used
very thin, but nevertheless extremely
rigid, sheets of steel. Aluminium and magnesium were used extensively in
areas such as the roof, underbody, front
end, doors, rear wings and engine com
-
partment and luggage compartment lids.
Magnesium, which is a particularly light -
weight material, was also selected for
the cockpit and centre console support
beam and, in the Cabriolet models,
the hood shell elements. Such material efficiency is key to
reducing the overall weight and, as a
result, fuel consumption of the vehicle.
For the driver, this intelligent blend of
materials reduces the weight of the
vehicle and offers a high level of comfort
thanks to excellent vibration-damping
characteristics and particularly high
composite rigidit y, a high degree of
dynamic torsional stiffness, and
especially sporty handling.
The long wheelbase improves comfort as
well as straight-line accuracy and driving
stabilit y at high speeds and in fast
corners.

5657
T
emperament
| Chassis and body
Hood.
To our engineers, clever and innovative
hood technology is particularly
important. The result we see today is
a flexible fabric hood comprising a fixed
glass rear screen and three integral hood
elements, which are manufactured from
magnesium. This makes the hood highly
robust and, yet, particularly light weight.
Another benefit is that the hood is
smooth and firm. The fabric remains taut
keeping the familiar 911 lines elegant. A
trivialit y? Only if you choose to ignore the
impressively low drag coefficient. In the case of the 911 Carrera Cabriolet
models, for example, it ’s as low as 0.30.
A further feat of Porsche engineering.
The rear screen is made from glass

and is electrically heated and scratch-
resistant to provide excellent rearward
visibilit y. A rain channel on the hood
carries away water to avoid dripping
when the doors are opened.
Electrically powered, the hood is
operated using a but ton on the centre
console or via the key remote. It opens
or closes in just 13 seconds and remains
operable up to a speed of 50 km/ h. The concertina action ensures optimum
protection for the interior lining.
The interior hood lining is made from
a heat-
insulating and sound
-absorbing
material. Consistent interior temperatures
and an effective suppression of wind
noise are the perceptible results. Thank -
fully, however, even the hood’s sound -
proofing properties are no match for
the resonant Porsche sound.
Open, flexible, independent.
The optimum prerequisites for a long-term relationship.
Cabriolet technology.